Universal Credit and Automated Decision Making: A Case of the Digital Tail Wagging the Policy Dog?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Rita Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Digital Architecture ◽  
The People ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Automated Processes ◽  
Automated Decision Making ◽  
Rigid Design

Intended to simplify the benefit system and ’make work pay’, Universal Credit (UC) is the UK’s first ‘digital by design’ benefit. Proponents of UC highlight the greater efficiency and effectiveness of digitalisation, while critics point to costly IT write-offs and the ‘digital divide’ between people with the skills and resources to access digital technologies, and those without. Less attention has been paid to automation in UC and its effects on the people subject to these rapidly developing technologies. Findings from research exploring couples’ experiences of claiming UC suggest that automated processes for assessing entitlement and calculating payment may be creating additional administrative burdens for some claimants. Rigid design parameters built into UC’s digital architecture may also restrict options for policy reform. The article calls for a broadening of thinking and research about digitalisation in welfare systems to include questions of administrative burden and the wider effects and impacts on claimants.

Knowledge Management Dynamics and Public Sector Organization Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeta Baporikar
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Organization Development ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Public Sector Organization ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

In general, organizations should identify the skills, expertise, creativity, and motivation of the people if they have to become more competitive and enhance their performance. This is all the more crucial for public sector organizations. Knowledge therein plays a critical and integral role in being productive and innovative. But, unfortunately, public sector organizations don't recognize and take advantage of the dynamics of knowledge management for developing. Implying expertise and skills of the people in the form of knowledge which they possess is ignored or at best used sporadically. Adopting a grounded theory approach and in-depth literature review, the aim of this chapter is to critically appraise public sector organization development through knowledge management dynamics. The focus is on this neglected area because in this competitive era, public sector organizations' success depends not only on the basis of efficiency and effectiveness but also on how they identify, gather, manage, integrate, share and disseminate relevant knowledge to their human capital to bring innovation.

The Digital Divide and the Emerging Virtual Therapeutic System

2010 ◽  
pp. 1943-1958
Author(s):  
Christine H. Barthold ◽  
John G. McNutt
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Therapeutic System ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The People ◽  
Web Access ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Virtual Services

As the Internet becomes increasingly more and more ingrained in our society, the gap between those who have adequate Web access and those who do not will continue to widen. In the health, mental health, and disability sectors of society, technology helps provide access to previously unavailable information, communication, and services, allowing for greater independence, as well as 24/7 access to collaboration and support. The digital divide might prevent the people who will benefit the most from virtual services from accessing them. This chapter will explore systems of online health and mental healthcare, both formal and informal, the dependence on advanced networking technologies for these systems to be effective, and the impact of the digital divide on individuals’ access to online health and mental healthcare. We will discuss the implications for both policy and practice.

One Village One Computer Campaign in India

2008 ◽  
pp. 1829-1853
Author(s):  
Anil Shaligram
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Organizational Model ◽  
The People ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Human And Social Capital

For social development to take place in rural areas it is necessary to involve the people and assist them in becoming technology-enabled and knowledge-enabled because knowledge is always held collectively (Hayek, 1945). It is said that the growing digital divide has added one more dimension to the already skewed process of development-underdevelopment (Castells, 2000). In reality however it has more to do with the deprivation of information and knowledge than the non-availability of hardware and connectivity. To overcome this, it is necessary to look from a fresh perspective and introduce a new socio-organizational model that builds on the principles of Information Society (Castells, 2000), Economics of Knowledge (Machlup, 1962; Arthur, 1985; Romer, 1990) and Social Capital (Coleman, 1988; Putnam, 1995) to ensure better development of human and social capital.

Introducing social innovation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Baglioni ◽  
Stephen Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Public Organisations

The introductory chapter outlines some of the major social changes (e.g. in demography, employment and labour markets) which pose significant challenges to established social welfare systems. It discusses how and why social innovation has emerged and been promoted as a response to these challenges. The chapter clarifies the meaning of social innovation by considering how it has been defined, and explains how it relates to innovation in technology and business, and how it differs from social enterprise. Examples of social innovations are provided which illustrate the wide range of activities and diverse forms they take. A typology is provided to classify these variants. The nature of innovation within public organisations is discussed (i.e. intrepreneurialism). The chapter concludes by setting out some of the questions which should be asked of social innovation in relation to social and public policy reform.

Policy Reform, Economic Growth and the Digital Divide

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Dasgupta ◽  
Somik Lall ◽  
David Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Policy Reform

ARMA Model for Turbine and Compressor Clearance Forecasting

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huageng Luo ◽  
George Ghanime ◽  
Liping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Arma Model ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Modeling And Prediction ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Arma Modeling

In turbo machinery, clearance (the distance between the turbine or compressor blade tip to the casing) at high-pressure stages is one of the key design parameters to measure the turbine efficiency and effectiveness. Thus, appropriate modeling and prediction of the clearance under operational conditions is very important. If the clearance can be actively controlled, the turbine manufacturers get even more competitive advantages. For turbine design purpose, detailed physics based model is usually available. However, this kind of detailed model is not suitable for on-line prediction due to heavy computational requirements. Instead, a reduced order model based on the first order physics is used. Usually, the available reduced order models are computationally efficient, but they can hardly reach the accuracy desired by control engineers. In this paper, we applied an ARMA modeling technique for the reduced order clearance modeling and prediction. Typical turbine cycle operation data were used to build the ARMA model first. The built model is then used to predict other operations of the same unit, as well as other units of the same family.

scholarly journals Literasi Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Ict Literacy ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The People ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Level 3

Development of information and communication technology (ICT) has brought changes for the people of Indonesia. With ICT, community can easily access a variety of information and support jobs. But the problem that arises is the uneven penetration of ICT in all parts of Indonesia, including in South Sulawesi. Giving rise to the digital divide as well as the weakness of ICT literacy. Therefore, this study aims to determine the ICT literacy community in South Sulawesi. The method used in this study is a survey with a quantitative approach. The results show that ICT (computer, mobile phone, and internet) has been used by communities in South Sulawesi. Among the three media, mobile phone has the highest number of penetration followed by computer and the internet. The majority of respondents have also entered into 5 levels of ICT literacy mobile phones and computers as an integral part of daily activities. While the internet was still in level 3 where they have been used but not significantly.

One Village One Computer Campaign in India

2005 ◽  
pp. 528-532
Author(s):  
Anil Shaligram
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Organizational Model ◽  
The People ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Human And Social Capital

For social development to take place in rural areas it is necessary to involve the people and assist them in becoming technology-enabled and knowledge-enabled because knowledge is always held collectively (Hayek, 1945). It is said that the growing digital divide has added one more dimension to the already skewed process of development-underdevelopment (Castells, 2000). In reality however it has more to do with the deprivation of information and knowledge than the non-availability of hardware and connectivity. To overcome this, it is necessary to look from a fresh perspective and introduce a new socio-organizational model that builds on the principles of Information Society (Castells, 2000), Economics of Knowledge (Machlup, 1962; Arthur, 1985; Romer, 1990) and Social Capital (Coleman, 1988; Putnam, 1995) to ensure better development of human and social capital.

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