scholarly journals POLICING IN AMERICAN HISTORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Robert A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
American History ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
American Society

AbstractThis article examines the historical evolution of policing in America with a focus on race. Specifically, it is argued that racial bias has deep roots in American policing, and reforms in policing and American society have not eliminated the detrimental experiences of Blacks who encounter the police. Historical information and contemporary empirical research indicate that, even when legal and other factors are equal, Blacks continue to experience the coercive and lethal aspects of policing relative to their non-Black counterparts.

American Fatherhood

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Martschukat
Keyword(s):  
American History ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Family Constellation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Moral Leader ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
American Society

This book explains the unbending ideal of the nuclear family and how it has seeped so deeply into American society and consciousness without ever becoming the actual norm for most people in the nation. It presents the rich diversity of family lives in American history from the American Revolution to the twenty-first century and at the same time the persistence and normative power of the nuclear family model. American society—one of the major arguments—is “governed through the family,” and to govern, in this sense, is “to structure the possible field of action.” To make this broad examination of the discourse and practice of the family in American life more accessible, this book focuses on the relations of fathers, families, and society. Throughout American history “the father” has been posed as provider and moral leader of his family, American society, and the nation. At the same time power and difference were established around “the father,” and fatherhood meant many different things for different people. To tell this history of fatherhood, families, and American society, the author presents biographical “close-ups” of twelve iconic characters, embedded in contextual “long shots” so that readers can see the enduring power of the family and father ideals along with the complexity and varieties of everyday life in American history. Each protagonist covers a crucial period or event in American history, presents a different family constellation, and makes a different argument with regard to how American society is governed through the family.

American Polities in the Gilded Age

1963 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent De Santis
Keyword(s):  
American History ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Henry Adams ◽  
Christopher Columbus ◽  
William Mckinley ◽  
American Society ◽  
Good Word

The period in American politics from Rutherford B. Hayes to William McKinley has been kicked and scuffed among historians until there is little left of its reputation. “No period so thoroughly ordinary has been known in American politics since Christopher Columbus first disturbed the balance of power in American society,” wrote Henry Adams. “One might search the whole list of Congress, Judiciary, and Executive during the twenty-five years from 1870 to 1895 and find little but damaged reputation. The period was poor in purpose and barren in results.” The impulse to spring to the aid of the underdog has brought forth champions of the cultural, literary, and technological achievements of the Gilded Age, but none to defend its political record. “Even among the most powerful men of that generation,” said Adams, speaking of the politicians, there was “none who had a good word for it.” Most historians believe that at no other time in American history was the moral and intellectual tone of political life so uniformly low nor were political contests so preoccupied with patronage.

scholarly journals The Influence of Dualism and Pragmatism on Physical Education

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kudláček
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Society

The Influence of Dualism and Pragmatism on Physical EducationPhysical education is an area in which most professionals focus only on the body and its needs. Most PE teachers do not believe that having an understanding of philosophy is important in order to be a good teacher. One might ask why the physical educators think this. Looking at the history of philosophy we might find the answer within philosophy itself. Physical education is an unquestionable part of the school curriculum, but it does not have the same value as other subjects. The importance of PE is underestimated as school administrators stress the importance of academic subjects. The reason why physical education is so strongly separated from academic disciplines is because of its roots in ancient Greek times, when the soul was separated from the body. Medieval scholars stressed the importance of soul and cursed body as the nest of sins. From then on we have had dualism, a term which is widely adopted by western society. Dualism is so deep in us that we do not realize its impact any more. Other strong educational influence came from great thinkers such as: Comenius (1592-1670), Rousseau (1712-1778) and Dewey (1859-1952). Particularly Dewey's influence on American education, society, psychology, philosophy and way of life is significant. An importance of the experience is valued by Pragmatism. Pragmatists believe that the curriculum should be focused on the child and not on facts, they remind us about the role of education in society, and about the realization of the deep roots of division of our bodily and mental functions. The opportunities offered by the pragmatist's approach to education can help us to improve U.S. education, particularly physical education, and thus to use this to improve the state of American society.

scholarly journals Globalization Vs. Territorial Markets: Selling Typical Products On The Internet

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Andreini
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
International Markets ◽  
International Management ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Virtual Business ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Made In

Technology, and most of all Internet, is considered the most important tool for the ongoing economic globalization process, allowing the commercialization of standardized products on a large international scale (Levitt, 1983). Internet is also the real opportunity for micro companies to reach foreign markets at affordable costs (Hoffman and Novak, 1996).This paper focuses on the case of sales of gastronomic typical products on the Internet, probably one of the best e-commerce applications. In fact, no any other old goods can suit so naturally to the virtual market as typical products do. Two are the fundamental characteristics of typical, made in products: first of all, they have to be specialty goods, differentiated from their competitors; then they have to be regional goods, that means having deep roots in their original territory. In the second part of the paper it will be interpreted how typical products find in Internet the way to valorize their local and regional diversities on international markets: this way Internet has reversed the famous international management postulate think global, act local into a new one: think local, act global. Moreover, a partial empirical research about Italian companies selling gastronomic products on the Internet will be illustrated in order to verify quantitatively and qualitatively the state of art of this virtual business.

Race, African Americans, and Psychoanalysis: Collective Silence in the Therapeutic Situation

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionne R. Powell
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Institutional Racism ◽  
Analytic Work ◽  
Collective Silence ◽  
American Society ◽  
Blind Spots

Both historically and currently, assaults on the black body and mind have been ubiquitous in American society, posing a counterargument to America as a postracial, color-blind society. Yet the collective silence of psychoanalysts on this societal reality limits our ability to explore, teach, and treat the effects, both interpersonal and intrapsychic, of race, racism, racialized trauma, and implicit bias and privilege. This silence, which challenges our relevance as a profession, must be explored in the context of America’s racialized identity as an outgrowth of slavery and institutional racism. Racial identifications that maintain whiteness as a construct privileged over otherness are an obstacle to conducting analytic work. Examples of work with racial tensions and biases illustrate its therapeutic potential. The challenge for us as clinicians is to acknowledge and explore our racial bias, ignorance, blind spots, and privilege, along with identifications with the oppressed and the oppressor, as contributors to our silence.

Felony Conviction as Social Disability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keesha M. Middlemass
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Felony Conviction ◽  
Social Disability ◽  
Disability Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Politics Of Fear ◽  
History Of Race

This chapter introduces social disability theory to illustrate how felons are treated similarly to people living with a disability. Social disability theory is linked to the historical evolution of a felony conviction, the concept of stigma, infamous crimes, the politics of fear, and the racialization of crime. The history of race and race relations in the United States is an important component connected to a felony conviction, prisoner reentry, and social disability; race has been used to delegitimize entire communities as being deviant, and racial bias is seen in current public policies and the media’s presentation of criminals as black. This chapter explores the development of the public’s fear of black men, in particular. Politicians responded to the public’s fear by passing tough-on-crime policies to criminalize more behaviors as felonious and then using a felony conviction to socially disable felons.

The Deep Roots of Fear

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-127
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Deep Roots

This chapter can be seen as the corollary of the book. The authors summarize the main findings of an ethnography that took five long years in the main bus stations and airport of the country. The four schools of risk perception were placed under the critical lens of scrutiny because of methodological limitations. The current chapter presents a rich empirical research, which though not statistically represented, helps in the expansion of the current understanding of risk perception. The ways risks are conceived in laypeople and experts notably vary. The authors finally found a clear correlation between trauma and risk aversion in professionals while bad working conditions are the preconditions to perceive further risks in laypeople.

L'évangélisme: un intégrisme protestant américain?

1985 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
Gordon Golding
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
American History ◽  
New World ◽  
American Society ◽  
American Evangelicalism ◽  
The Catholic Church

Evangelicalism: An American Protestant Version of Conser vative Catholicism? American evangelicalism has often been pre sented in Europe as the new world counterport of similar conservative of traditionalist movements in the Catholic Church. The comparaison is tempting, and to determine its validity, this article presents an overview of evangelical doctrine, with a brief discussion of the movement place in American history and its cur rent role in American Society

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Allan Amanik ◽  
Kami Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
American History ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
American Society

Till Death Do Us Part emerged from the 2014 OAH conference, which chose “Crossing Borders” as its theme, but has reflected over the course of its development upon seemingly new (and surprisingly dormant) divisions in American society. It takes as its subject the tendency among most Americans to separate their dead along communal lines rooted in race, faith, ethnicity, or social standing and asks what a deeper exploration of that phenomenon can tell us about American history more broadly. This introduction gives a brief outline of each chapter. Comparative in scope, and regionally diverse, chapters look to immigrants, communities of color, the colonized, the enslaved, rich and poor, and religious minorities as they laid their dead to rest in locales spanning the Northeast to the Spanish American Southwest.

Legal Theory for Legal Empiricists

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 292-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanoch Dagan ◽  
Roy Kreitner ◽  
Tamar Kricheli-Katz
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Intellectual Labor ◽  
The Law ◽  
Widespread View ◽  
The Way

There is a widespread view that one does either theory or empirical work, and that theory and empiricism represent distant concerns, opposing worldviews, and perhaps distinct mentalities or personalities. This prevalent view has deep roots and is also the result of pragmatic and understandable tendencies toward division of intellectual labor. Against this view, this essay suggests that the relations between theory and empirical study ought to be understood as more intimate and that making legal theory an explicit focus can improve empirical scholarship. We pursue this claim by articulating a basis for legal theory and by showing how that basis illuminates both the application and design of empirical research on law. Legal theory, we argue, follows jurisprudence in interrogating the law as a set of coercive normative institutions. The upshot of this approach is a recognition that an interdisciplinary analysis of law must rely on both a theory (explicit or implicit) of the way law's power and its normativity align and an account of the way in which this discursive cohabitation manifests itself institutionally. We thus argue that legal theory is necessary in order to draw fruitfully on empirical research and further claim that legal theory provides guidance both for setting up an empirical research agenda on law and for designing research into specific topics.

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