Species composition and community structure of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) across major mango-growing regions in Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Isabirye ◽  
A.M. Akol ◽  
A. Mayamba ◽  
C.K. Nankinga ◽  
I. Rwomushana
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Western Medium ◽  
Bactrocera Invadens ◽  
Rank Abundance

The species diversity of tephritid fruit flies in major mango-growing regions in Uganda was monitored over a 2-year period (2010–2012) using fruit bait and lure traps. A total of 368,332 specimens belonging to 10 species in four genera (Bactrocera,Ceratitis,TrirhithrumandDacus) were collected. Of these, 98.9% belonged toBactrocera invadens, while the second and third most common species wereDacus bivittatus(0.4%) andCeratitis anonae(0.3%), respectively. Significant differences in the evenness and diversity of fruit fly species were noted across the regions. Fruit fly community structure was significantly different across the three regions. The Lake Victoria Crescent and Mbale Farmlands harboured significantly moreD. ciliatus,T. coffeae,D. bivittatusandB. cucurbitaein contrast to the Northern Moist Farmlands and the Western Medium High Farmlands.Ceratitis rosacontributed the highest difference in regional structure, followed byC. fasciventrisandC. cosyra. Rank abundance curves depicted a geometric series distribution of the species composition in the three regions, confirming a scenario of competitive displacement of native fruit fly species byB. invadens. A comprehensive and sustainable response strategy toB. invadensand other fruit flies needs to be urgently devised to protect the horticulture industry in Uganda.

scholarly journals Species Composition of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Sorong and Raja Ampat, West Papua

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Linda ◽  
Witjaksono Witjaksono ◽  
Suputa Suputa
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Trapping Method ◽  
The City

Fruit fly monitoring is an important part of integrated pest management  since  it provides information  about fruit flies species composition in any given  area. The aim of this study was to find out species composition of fruit fly in the City of Sorong, and both Sorong and Raja Ampat Regencies. Sampling was conducted from June to November 2016 using trapping method. There were 19 species of fruit flies in the whole sampling locations, consist of 11 species attracted to cue lure and 8 species attracted to methyl eugenol. Bactrocera frauenfeldi was the dominant species  in trap baited with cue lure, while B. umbrosa and B. dorsalis were dominant in trap baited with methyl eugenol. Fruit fly diversity index in Raja Ampat Regency and City of Sorong were low while diversity index in Sorong Regency was relatively moderate. IntisariMonitoring lalat buah merupakan bagian penting dalam pengelolaan hama terpadu yang memberikan informasi tentang komposisi lalat buah di suatu area. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi spesies lalat buah di Kabupaten Sorong, kota Sorong dan Kabupaten Raja Ampat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan mulai dari Juni sampai November 2016 dengan metode pemasangan perangkap. Total terdapat 19 spesies lalat buah dari seluruh wilayah pengambilan sampel, dengan 11 spesies yang tertarik cue lure dan 8 spesies tertarik metil eugenol. Bactrocera frauenfeldi adalah lalat buah yang paling dominan pada perangkap dengan  atraktan cue lure sedangkan  B. dorsalis serta B. umbrosa dominan pada perangkap dengan atraktan metil eugenol. Indeks keragaman jenis lalat buah di Kabupaten Raja Ampat dan Kota Sorong termasuk rendah sedangkan di Kabupaten Sorong indeks keragamannya relatif sedang.

scholarly journals Does the surrounding vegetation influence the fruit fly assemblage in guava orchards?

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia da Cruz Vargas ◽  
Alfredo Raúl Abot ◽  
Victor Ribeiro Acosta ◽  
Marcos Henrique Frech Telles ◽  
José Nicácio Do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

This study aimed to evaluate how the surrounding vegetation affects the assemblage of fruit flies. For this, flies were collected in guava orchards with distinct types of surrounding vegetation (exotic pasture, native forest and fruit tree intercropping). The experiment was conducted in Itaporã and Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Weekly samples were collected from March to April 2015. McPhail traps were baited with 5% hydrolyzed corn protein. Species richness, diversity index and abundance were evaluated for each orchard, as well as the species composition of fruit fly between the environments surrounding the orchard and, finally, the sex ratio. A total of 579 individuals were collected of the species Anastrepha fraterculus, A. montei, A. obliqua, A. sororcula, A. striata, A. turpiniae and A. zenildae. The orchard surrounded by native forest had the highest species richness and Shannon diversity. The species composition differed between environments, with the formation of three distinct groups. The environment surrounding the guava orchard influences the richness, diversity, abundance and sex ratio of fruit flies, indicating that the native forest may provide more resources for the maintenance of these insects.

Morphological approaches to community structure in hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 224 (1234) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Random Model ◽  
General Body ◽  
Ancient Woodland ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Model Size ◽  
The Common

Simulation techniques are used to generate random communities of hoverflies that can be com pared with observed communities: both the species composition and morphological size ratios are compared. Patterns of morphology are also examined through the study of size ratios within taxa. Three sites were surveyed, two man-made garden habitats, and one ancient woodland. The man-made habitats contained assemblages of species indistinguishable from species assembled randomly from those present in the county (area = 3400 km 2 ) as a whole, given the assumptions of the random model. The ancient woodland site contained significantly fewer species in common with the man-made habitats than expected from the random model. Size ratios (of both absolute and relative proboscis length) show a similar pattern, with non-random (constant) ratios observed among the common species in ancient woodland. Significantly constant proboscis length ratios were detected in two genera, Eristalis and Platycheirus . In the former, these are due to regular ratios of general body size. In Platycheirus , species have significantly regular differences in relative as well as absolute proboscis length.

scholarly journals Fruit fly surveillance in Togo (West Africa): state of diversity and prevalence of species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komina Amevoin ◽  
L. K. Agboyi ◽  
M. Gomina ◽  
K. Kounoutchi ◽  
K. H. Bassimbako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Future Evaluation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Ceratitis Fasciventris

AbstractThe production and marketing of fruits, especially mango, in sub-Saharan Africa are threatened by fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). This baseline study analysed the biodiversity of fruit fly species, in mango orchards, in different ecological zones of Togo. Traps used to monitor the flies in the orchards consisted of dry baits, made from four types of parapheromones specific to the males of different species. Forty species of fruit flies were identified in the mango orchards in Togo. The most common species were Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Ceratitis cosyra (Walker), Ceratitis fasciventris (Bezzi), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Ceratitis bremii Guérin-Méneville, Dacus bivittatus (Bigot), Dacus humeralis (Bezzi), Dacus punctatifrons Karsch and Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett). The invasive B. dorsalis and the endogenous species, C. cosyra were dominant in the mango producing areas of Togo because their prevalence were very high (B. dorsalis: 2.1 ≤ flies per trap per day (FTD) ≤ 472.2; C. cosyra: 0.34 ≤ FTD ≤ 97.28). There was no area free from fruit flies in Togo during the study. These results constitute an essential reference in the future evaluation of the effectiveness of any control activities initiated in Togo against fruit flies.

scholarly journals Effect of an accidental fire on Anastrepha fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) community in a conservation area of the Cerrado Biome

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Manoel Araecio Uchoa ◽  
Darcy Alves Bomfim
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Cerrado Savanna ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Vegetation Burning

Abstract. The effects of vegetation burning on populations and species composition of Anastrepha fruit flies in environments of the Cerrado are unknown. Thus, this study investigated the influence of fire on a community of fruit flies in two Cerrado environments, namely, typical Cerrado (savanna-like) and forested Cerrado. We collected species of Anastrepha, using McPhail traps weekly from 2 May 2011 to 30 April 2013. Collection data were analyzed using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to characterize the patterns of variation in species composition, comparing the species abundance (numbers of individuals) before and after the fire event. The NMDS results showed an influence of both annual season and fire on the populations of fruit flies in the forested Cerrado, and a trend of population growth after the fire event in the typical Cerrado. The curves of species accumulation indicated a greater diversity of species in the post-fire than the pre-fire period, and the species diversity did not reach stabilization within the post-fire observation period. The diversity of habitats formed by burning and rapid regeneration of the flora after the fire could be responsible for the increase in species abundance and species richness of fruit flies in comparison with the pre-fire period.Efeito de um incêndio acidental na comunidade de Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) em uma área de conservação do Bioma de CerradoResumo. Os efeitos de queima da vegetação sobre as populações e a composição de espécies de moscas das frutas do gênero Anastrepha em ambientes do cerrado ainda são desconhecidos. Assim, este estudo investigou a influência do fogo em uma comunidade de moscas das frutas em dois ambientes de Cerrado: Cerrado típico e Cerradão. Foram coletadas espécies de Anastrepha, usando armadilhas McPhail semanalmente, no período de 2 maio de 2011 a 30 abril de 2013. Os dados das coletas foram analisados empregando-se escalonamento não-métrico multidimensional (NMDS) para caracterizar os padrões de variação na composição de espécies, comparando a abundância e diversidade das espécies antes e após o incêndio. Os resultados NMDS mostraram uma influência da época do ano e do fogo sobre as populações de moscas das frutas no Cerradão e uma tendência de crescimento da população após a passagem do fogo no Cerrado típico. Curvas de acumulação de espécies indicaram uma maior diversidade de espécies no período pós-fogo em comparação ao período anterior ao incêndio, e a diversidade de espécies não atingiu a estabilização dentro do período de observação após o incêndio. A diversidade de hábitats formados pela queimada e rápida regeneração da flora após tal incêndio pode ter sido responsável pelo aumento na abundância de indivíduos e riqueza de espécies de Anastrepha em comparação com o período anterior à passagem do fogo.

scholarly journals Watermelon-infesting Tephritidae fruit fly guild and parasitism by Psyttalia phaeostigma (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Babatoundé Ferdinand Rodolphe Layodé ◽  
Alexis Onzo ◽  
Miriam Frida Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Wasp Species

AbstractAn ecological guild of Tephritidae fruit flies exploits cucurbit vegetable fruits, tremendously reducing their production worldwide. Knowledge of the composition of the guild of infesting flies in the field and information on their natural enemy species, might improve pest management strategies. Our aim was therefore to identify Tephritidae species infesting the watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai in the Republic of Benin. Morphological and molecular identification of parasitoid species present in the field collections was also done. Infested watermelons were sampled in one of the main watermelon-production areas in the country. Adult tephritid flies emerging from watermelons were identified as Dacus bivittatus (Bigot), D. ciliatus Loew, D. punctatifrons Karsch, D. vertebratus Bezzi, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillet), and Ceratitis cosyra (Walker). In this study period, D. vertebratus was consistently the most abundant species emerging from watermelon. Dacus ciliatus was the second most common species followed by Z. cucurbitae. The number of emerging fruit flies per kilogram of watermelon varied with collection date and month, and was most variable for D. vertebratus. Parasitism in the fruit flies was 1.6 ± 6.4% and occurred through one wasp species that was identified as Psyttalia phaeostigma Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). This solitary parasitoid is closely related to other members of the P. concolor species complex, some of which are used in biological control. Problems associated with identifying Psyttalia species and possibility of using this wasp as a biological control agent against tephritid flies were discussed.

Linking mango infestation by fruit flies to fruit maturity and fly pressure: A prerequisite to improve fruit fly damage management via harvest timing optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 105663
Author(s):  
Isabelle Grechi ◽  
Anne-Laure Preterre ◽  
Aude Caillat ◽  
Frédéric Chiroleu ◽  
Alain Ratnadass
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Timing Optimization ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Harvest Timing

scholarly journals Malaria vector species composition and entomological indices following indoor residual spraying in regions bordering Lake Victoria, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Kakilla ◽  
Alphaxard Manjurano ◽  
Karen Nelwin ◽  
Jackline Martin ◽  
Fabian Mashauri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Sporozoite Rate ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl

Abstract Background Vector control through long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and focal indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a major component of the Tanzania national malaria control strategy. In mainland Tanzania, IRS has been conducted annually around Lake Victoria basin since 2007. Due to pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors, use of pyrethroids for IRS was phased out and from 2014 to 2017 pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic® 300CS) was sprayed in regions of Kagera, Geita, Mwanza, and Mara. Entomological surveillance was conducted in 10 sprayed and 4 unsprayed sites to determine the impact of IRS on entomological indices related to malaria transmission risk. Methods WHO cone bioassays were conducted monthly on interior house walls to determine residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl CS. Indoor CDC light traps with or without bottle rotator were hung next to protected sleepers indoors and also set outdoors (unbaited) as a proxy measure for indoor and outdoor biting rate and time of biting. Prokopack aspirators were used indoors to capture resting malaria vectors. A sub-sample of Anopheles was tested by PCR to determine species identity and ELISA for sporozoite rate. Results Annual IRS with Actellic® 300CS from 2015 to 2017 was effective on sprayed walls for a mean of 7 months in cone bioassay. PCR of 2016 and 2017 samples showed vector populations were predominantly Anopheles arabiensis (58.1%, n = 4,403 IRS sites, 58%, n = 2,441 unsprayed sites). There was a greater proportion of Anopheles funestus sensu stricto in unsprayed sites (20.4%, n = 858) than in sprayed sites (7.9%, n = 595) and fewer Anopheles parensis (2%, n = 85 unsprayed, 7.8%, n = 591 sprayed). Biting peaks of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) followed periods of rainfall occurring between October and April, but were generally lower in sprayed sites than unsprayed. In most sprayed sites, An. gambiae s.l. indoor densities increased between January and February, i.e., 10–12 months after IRS. The predominant species An. arabiensis had a sporozoite rate in 2017 of 2.0% (95% CI 1.4–2.9) in unsprayed sites compared to 0.8% (95% CI 0.5–1.3) in sprayed sites (p = 0.003). Sporozoite rates were also lower for An. funestus collected in sprayed sites. Conclusion This study contributes to the understanding of malaria vector species composition, behaviour and transmission risk following IRS around Lake Victoria and can be used to guide malaria vector control strategies in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Host Suitability Index for Polyphagous Tephritid Fruit Flies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Follett ◽  
Fay E M Haynes ◽  
Bernard C Dominiak
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Tephritid fruit flies are major economic pests for fruit production and are an impediment to international trade. Different host fruits are known to vary in their suitability for fruit flies to complete their life cycle. Currently, international regulatory standards that define the likely legal host status for tephritid fruit flies categorize fruits as a natural host, a conditional host, or a nonhost. For those fruits that are natural or conditional hosts, infestation rate can vary as a spectrum ranging from highly attractive fruits supporting large numbers of fruit flies to very poor hosts supporting low numbers. Here, we propose a Host Suitability Index (HSI), which divides the host status of natural and conditional hosts into five categories based on the log infestation rate (number of flies per kilogram of fruit) ranging from very poor (<0.1), poor (0.1–1.0), moderately good (1.0–10.0), good (10–100), and very good (>100). Infestation rates may be determined by field sampling or cage infestation studies. We illustrate the concept of this index using 21 papers that examine the host status of fruits in five species of polyphagous fruit flies in the Pacific region: Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This general-purpose index may be useful in developing systems approaches that rely on poor host status, for determining surveillance and detection protocols for potential incursions, and to guide the appropriate regulatory response during fruit fly outbreaks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document