scholarly journals Economics for a creative world: a response to comments

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
ROGER KOPPL ◽  
STUART KAUFFMAN ◽  
TEPPO FELIN ◽  
GIUSEPPE LONGO

AbstractIn response to Pelikan, Witt, Foster, and Colander, we reiterate our main contributions: (1) our more careful demonstration of why ‘mechanistic’ models have limited application, (2) our account of novelty as a system-level phenomenon, and (3) our identification of ‘novelty intermediation’ as important to creative economic dynamics. We also address some of the criticisms raised by the commenters. Pavel Pelikan's idea of stochastic causality does not somehow eliminate unprestateable change. We do challenge certain strong notions of universal causation, as Ulrich Witt notes, but such notions are probably best abandoned. Although, we do not repudiate mathematical modeling as our paper suggested to John Foster, we may give less scope than Foster to such methods. Finally, we point out the extreme difficulty of implementing the sort of engineering vision Colander articulates.

Biosystems ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xue Xu ◽  
Yong-hua Wang

Author(s):  
Mária Tóthová ◽  
Milan Balara ◽  
Ján Dubják

The automatic heating control systems seem to be the nonlinear systems with thermal inertias and time delay. The controller is also nonlinear because its information and power signals are limited. Application of methods, which are available for nonlinear systems together with computer simulation and mathematical modeling, create possibility to reach serious information about researched system. The paper contains the heating system model with the cascade control, simulation model of this system and some simulation results created in Matlab/Simulink environment.


2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1745) ◽  
pp. 4156-4164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuan-Chao Chiu ◽  
Christopher J. Marx ◽  
Daniel Segrè

Epistasis between mutations in two genes is thought to reflect an interdependence of their functions. While sometimes epistasis is predictable using mechanistic models, its roots seem, in general, hidden in the complex architecture of biological networks. Here, we ask how epistasis can be quantified based on the mathematical dependence of a system-level trait (e.g. fitness) on lower-level traits (e.g. molecular or cellular properties). We first focus on a model in which fitness is the difference between a benefit and a cost trait, both pleiotropically affected by mutations. We show that despite its simplicity, this model can be used to analytically predict certain properties of the ensuing distribution of epistasis, such as a global negative bias, resulting in antagonism between beneficial mutations, and synergism between deleterious ones. We next extend these ideas to derive a general expression for epistasis given an arbitrary functional dependence of fitness on other traits. This expression demonstrates how epistasis relative to fitness can emerge despite the absence of epistasis relative to lower level traits, leading to a formalization of the concept of independence between biological processes. Our results suggest that epistasis may be largely shaped by the pervasiveness of pleiotropic effects and modular organization in biological networks.


Author(s):  
O. M. Katz

The swelling of irradiated UO2 has been attributed to the migration and agglomeration of fission gas bubbles in a thermal gradient. High temperatures and thermal gradients obtained by electron beam heating simulate reactor behavior and lead to the postulation of swelling mechanisms. Although electron microscopy studies have been reported on UO2, two experimental procedures have limited application of the results: irradiation was achieved either with a stream of inert gas ions without fission or at depletions less than 2 x 1020 fissions/cm3 (∼3/4 at % burnup). This study was not limited either of these conditions and reports on the bubble characteristics observed by transmission and fractographic electron microscopy in high density (96% theoretical) UO2 irradiated between 3.5 and 31.3 x 1020 fissions/cm3 at temperatures below l600°F. Preliminary results from replicas of the as-polished and etched surfaces of these samples were published.


1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Charns ◽  
Victoria A. Parker ◽  
William H. Wubbenhorst
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan J. Raymond ◽  
Matthew Iasiello ◽  
Aaron Jarden ◽  
David Michael Kelly
Keyword(s):  

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lampe ◽  
N. Botkin ◽  
V. Turova ◽  
T. Blumenstein ◽  
A. Alves-Pinto

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