The relationship between milk urea content and fertility in dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 68-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Cottrill ◽  
H. Biggadike ◽  
C.A. Collins ◽  
S.B. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
The Relationship

A number of studies have shown that milk urea levels above about 350 mg/l are associated with reduced fertility in dairy cows (Ropstad and Refsdal, 1987; Gustafsson and Carlsson, 1993). A significant and increasing proportion of UK milk producers receive regular information on the urea content of bulk milk as part of routine milk testing. Two studies were undertaken to examine whether the urea content in bulk milk (Study 1) or in milk from individual cows at about the time of service (Study 2) could be used as a management aid to improve fertility status.In Study 1, the milk urea (MU) contents in bulk milk samples from 475 farms in England and Wales were determined by NIRS. Fertility data for each farm was obtained from National Milk Records. Analysis of the data for each month of the study was restricted to those herds in which ≥15 cows were served.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the milk urea content in relation to milk production and composition in dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Petra Timkovičová Lacková ◽  
Iveta Maskaľová ◽  
Vladimír Vajda
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Metabolic Transformation ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of this study was to evaluate the milk urea content along with the dynamics of lactation and milk components in production dependency in Holstein dairy cows. Evaluation of daily milk yield in relation to milk urea presented a positive regression dependency, which was the strongest in early lactation (r = 0.860; P < 0.001), decreasing in mid lactation (r = 0.329; P < 0.001) and late lactation (r = 0.261; P < 0.001). Evaluation of milk protein in relation to milk urea showed a negative regression dependency, which was the strongest in early lactation (r = -0.850; P < 0.001), decreasing in mid lactation (r = -0.819; P < 0.001) and late lactation (r = -0.679; P < 0.001). The somatic cell counts in relation to milk urea confirmed a negative regression dependency in early lactation (r = -0.635; P < 0.05) and mid lactation (r = -0.818; P < 0.05), but no significance was found in late lactation. The results of the study confirm the influence of production factors (milk quantity and milk components) on the milk urea content. Dependencies found between the production, milk components and milk urea are applicable for the evaluation of protein nutrition and metabolic transformation of nutrients in dairy cows.

Antibodies against nematodes in serum, milk and bulk milk samples as possible estimators of infection in dairy cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kloosterman ◽  
J. Verhoeff ◽  
H.W. Ploeger ◽  
T.J.G.M. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk

Changes of physicochemical indicators during mastitis and the effects of milk ejection on their sensitivity

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert M Bruckmaier ◽  
Daniel Weiss ◽  
Martin Wiedemann ◽  
Susanne Schmitz ◽  
Georg Wendl
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Experimental Inflammation ◽  
First Contact ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the relationship between physicochemical indicators and somatic cells in the milk of dairy cows during experimentally induced mastitis and their significance as indicators for use in controlling udder health. We were concerned particularly with the effect of alveolar milk ejection on the sensitivity of these indicators. In Expt 1, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (Esch. coli LPS) was injected into the left rear quarter to induce an inflammatory reaction in one quarter in each of six cows. The contralateral control quarter was injected with a solution of NaCl (9 g/l). Nine milk samples were taken from both quarters until 60 h after injection. In Expt 2, repeated milk samples were taken every 20 s from one quarter during a 120-s teat stimulation in 20 cows with different somatic cell counts (SCC). Quarters were clustered for low (<5·0 log cells/ml), mid (5·0–5·7 log cells/ml) and high (>5·7 log cells/ml) SCC of the sample taken at t=0 s. Samples were analysed for SCC, electrical conductivity (EC) and Na+ and Cl− concentrations. During the experimental inflammation SCC, EC, Na+ and Cl− peaked at 12 h from LPS administration and values in treated quarters (T) at this time were elevated to 7900, 157, 501 and 169% of the values in untreated quarters, respectively. In Expt 2, SCC, EC, Na+ and Cl− in high SCC quarters were 2520, 121, 283 and 141% of low SCC quarters at the start of stimulation (t=0 s), respectively. Highly significant (P<0·001) differences in EC, Na+ and Cl− between high and low SCC quarters disappeared owing to the onset of alveolar milk ejection 100 s after the first contact with the teat. In conclusion, SCC in cows' milk provided the strongest amplitude in the case of an intramammary inflammation. EC, Na+ or Cl− were useful tools only if the measurements were performed in cisternal milk before the start of alveolar milk ejection.

443. Keeping quality and raw-milk grading: III. Comparison of keeping quality tests and dye tests in milk control (results of a field trial)

1951 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rowlands ◽  
Zena Hosking
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
One Year ◽  
Morning Milk ◽  
The Relationship

1. The results discussed in this part of the report were obtained by examination of milk samples taken at approximately fortnightly intervals throughout a period of one year from 298 farms in eight widely separated areas of England and Wales. The samples were examined by the routine resazurin test, the methylene-blue (4½/5½ hr.) test, the methylene-blue (½ hr.) test and the temperature-compensated keeping quality test using clot-on-boiling (c.o.b.) to determine the end-point. For the first three tests, the treatment of the samples and the standards applied conformed to those prescribed officially for these tests in England and Wales. Details are given of the treatment of samples and testing procedure for the temperature-compensated c.o.b. test. With this test two standards, equivalent to a residual keeping quality at 22° C. of 21 and 24 hr. from 9 a.m. on the day of collection of the milk from the farms, for both evening and morning milk were used.2. The results are analysed on the basis of the proportion of farms and of samples passing or failing the different tests, the effect of shade atmospheric temperature on the incidence of failures and the relationship between the standards imposed by the c.o.b. tests and the official methylene-blue (4½/5½ hr.) test.The proportion of farms and of samples passing each test was much higher in winter than in summer and was directly related to the prevailing shade atmospheric temperature. However, a proportion of farms was consistently able to comply with the standards. No more than 5% of the total failures by any test could be ascribed to the 60 (20%) best farms, whereas the 60 (20%) worst farms were responsible for as many as 37–60% of the total failures from the 298 farms.

An investigation into the relationship between milk progesterone concentrations in fore-milk and composite milk samples

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. McCoy ◽  
S.D. Lennox ◽  
C.S. Mayne ◽  
W.J. McCaughey ◽  
M. Verner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Sample ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Composite Sampling ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMilk progesterone concentrations are generally estimated on a composite, “jar”, sample from the bulk milk collecting jar, with concentrations >3 ng/ml considered as indicative of the presence of luteal tissue. However, on a number of dairy farms composite sampling is not possible as they operate a direct pipeline milking system, without milk meters, and the only practical means of obtaining a milk sample is via fore-milk sampling. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between progesterone concentrations, as estimated by an ELISA procedure, in fore-milk strippings and composite milk samples. A significant relationship (r2 = 0.83) was obtained between the progesterone concentration in composite milk and fore-milk samples; y = 1.52 - 1.41(0.163)x, where y = log10(composite progesterone) and x = log10(fore-milk progesterone). A milk progesterone concentration of 3 ng/ml in composite milk corresponded to a milk progesterone concentration of 1.47 ng/ml in fore-milk. Using this relationship progesterone profiles may be compared between herds where milk samples have been obtained by either composite milk or fore-milk sampling. In addition, composite milk samples only should be used with qualitative on-farm assays.

scholarly journals Variability and correlation of milk urea content with parameters of cow productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Anatoly Bolgov ◽  
Irina Komlyk ◽  
Natalia Grishina
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Milk Urea

During the work, 24774 individual milk samples for Ayrshire cows (Karelia, Russia) with an annual milk yield of over 8.300 kg were tested (1.355 cows) every month for the last three years. The urea content averaged 32.19 mg% with a daily yield of 25.5 kg. In cows at the age of the first two lactations, the urea content was higher than for adult animals. The urea content in milk increased from 31.46 mg% to 33.56% with increasing daily yield. In summer and early autumn, urea concentration was lower than in spring and winter. A reliable positive correlation of milk urea was obtained with daily yield, lactose, negative – with protein, dry milk matter, dry non-fat milk residue, the number of somatic cells, and lack of connection was with fat and the freezing temperature of milk. The bull's genotype has a significant effect on the amount of milk urea. Heritability coefficient (h2) was in the range of 0.222 - 0.367.

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