Effects of diets formulated to contain similar amounts of ERDP with different protein sources on ruminal peptide-N concentrations in Iranian Baloochi lambs

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 110-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
A R H Moosavi
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Peptide Structure ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Degradable Protein

Peptides are intermediates in the conversion of ingested protein to ammonia in the rumen and their accumulation depends upon the nature of dietary protein (Mesgaran & Parker, 1995). In addition, It has been demonstrated that the hydrolysis rate of peptides was influenced by peptide structure and that proline containing peptides were hydrolysed more slowly by rumen fluid (Mesgaran & Parker, 1996). The objective of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of altering the sources of protein, in diets with similar effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP), on the ruminal peptide-N concentrations.Four Iranian Baloochi lambs weighing 33±1.3 Kg, each with a permanent rumen fistula, were fed twice daily with diets differing in protein sources in a 42 latin square design. The diets consisted of a basal diet of chopped lucerne, barely and sugar beet pulp (190, 230 and 170 g DM d–1, respectively) which was supplemented with lucerne (L), cottonseed meal (C), soybean meal (S) or molasses+urea (M+U) (210, 118, 84 and 80+9 g DM d–1, respectively).

Effect of diets formulated to contain similar amounts of ERDP with different protein sources on blood free and peptide-bound amino acid-N concentrations in Iranian Baloochi lambs

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 97-97
Author(s):  
M Danesh Mesgaran
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Peptide Structure ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Degradable Protein

Recent data indicate that rumen fluid contains a relatively high concentration of peptide nitrogen and that it is influenced by the source of protein in the diet (Mesgaran & Parker, 1995). In addition, it has been demonstrated that ruminant gastrointestinal tract may have the potential for absorbing intact peptides, and that the hydrolysis rate of the peptides is influenced by peptide structure in the blood (Mesgaran, 1996; Mesgaran & Parker, 1996). The objective of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of altering the sources of protein in diets with similar effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP), on blood free and peptide-bound amino acid-N (FAA-N and PBAA-N) concentrations in Iranian Baloochi lambs.

Use of fish heal to reduce compound feed usage in high yielding dairy herds

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
I.H. Pike ◽  
E.L. Miller ◽  
M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Forage Intake

Compound feeds are frequently used at a fixed rate of 0.36kg to 0.40kg/kg milk produced, in addition to forage and other home-grown feeds. Such linear scales take no account of the curvilinear response of milk yield to concentrate feed intake, nor of the substitution effect of concentrate feed upon forage intake. In high-yielding herds, the use of fixed rate scales can result in the provision of concentrate feeds in excess of 10kg/d. An experiment was designed to evaluate whether milk yields could be maintained while reducing concentrate feed intake, and therefore placing greater reliance on forage intake, and including sugar-beet pulp as a source of highly digestible but non-starchy concentrate, and fish meal as a source of high quality undegraded dietary protein

scholarly journals PSXI-21 Effects of different levels and protein sources on ruminal fermentation of feedlot Nellore steers fed high-concentrate diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 405-405
Author(s):  
Vinícius C De Souza ◽  
Juliana Messana ◽  
Erick Batista ◽  
Paulo Henrique Colovate ◽  
Maria Júlia Ganga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels (10 and 13% crude protein) and protein source on ruminal fermentation of feedlot Nellore steers fed high-concentrate diets. The protein sources tested were urea, dried distillers grains (DDG) and corn gluten meal. The DDG and gluten were used as RUP sources. We used 6 cannulated Nellore steers, rumen, duodenum, and ileum arranged in 6×6 Latin square designed in factorial (2 nitrogen levels and 3 protein sources) balanced for residues. The pH was measured immediately after rumen fluid sampling at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10h after feeding. The NH3-N concentrations were determined with micro-Kjeldahl apparatus. The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was assessed by gas chromatography. Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with repeated measures over time. There was no interaction between sampling time and treatments for NH3-N and pH (P > 0.05). Animals fed diets containing Urea had a higher concentration of NH3-N (20.6 mg/dL) than animals supplemented with Gluten (16.2 mg/dL) or DDG (12.7 mg / dL). There was an increase in the NH3-N concentration (P = 0.049) with the increase of the protein level 10 to 13% CP with 14.7 and 18.3 mg/dL, respectively. The ruminal pH was affected by the dietary protein level (P = 0.016), in which animals fed a level of 10% CP had a higher pH (6.80) compared to the level of 13% CP (6.43). Total and individual VFA concentration was not affected by protein levels and sources (P > 0.05). The reduction of N level and the use of RUP did not adversely affect the ruminal fermentation. Although significant differences were observed for pH, they were small and adequate for microbial protein synthesis in the rumen.

Rumen fermentation and degradability in steers offered grass silage and untreated or sodium hydroxide-treated sugar-beet pulp or rolled or sodium hydroxide-treated barley or wheat

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
A.P. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Beet Pulp

Due to its slower rate of rumen degradation, molassed sugar beet pulp (MBP) is considered to result in a higher pH in rumen fluid wnen compared with cereals and to be of benefit in diets where maximum fibre digestion is desired (Fahmy et al., 1984). Sodium hydroxide-treatment of MBP, by increasing feed pH may increase the value of MBP still further in these situations. The most common method of processing whole cereal grains is dry rolling. Sodium hydroxide pre-treatment has also been shown to increase the digestibility of whole cereal grains close to thai achieved by dry rolling (Orskov, 1979). Little information is available on the relative effects on rumen fermentation of both processing methods. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the effects of treating MBP with NaOH and (2) compare the effects of rolfing (R) and S as processing methods for barley and wheat, on rumen fermentation and dry matter (DM) degradability (DMD) in steers offered grass silage.

Influence of dietary fibre on digestive utilization and rate of passage in growing pigs, finishing pigs and adult sows

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Le Goff ◽  
J. van Milgen ◽  
J. Noblet
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Difference

AbstractFour experimental diets differing in the level and the origin of dietary fibre (DF) were studied: a control, low DF diet (diet C, 100 g total dietary fibre (TDF) per kg dry matter (DM)) and three fibre-rich diets (200 g TDF per kg DM) which corresponded to a combination of diet C and maize bran (diet MB), or wheat bran (diet WB), or sugar-beet pulp (diet SBP). During two successive experimental periods, each diet was offered to five pigs at a growing stage (35 kg body weight (BW)) and at a finishing stage (75 kg BW). In addition, four adult ovariectomized sows received successively one of the four diets according to a 4 ✕ 4 Latin-square design. Digestive utilization of energy and nutrients of diets and rate of passage parameters were determined using a pulse dose of ytterbium oxide followed by total faecal collection. Faecal marker excretion was quantified using an age-dependent, one-compartment model, from which the mean retention time in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs (MRT) was obtained. The digestibility of dietary energy and nutrients, especially the DF fraction, increased with the increase in BW from growing to finishing pigs (P < 0.01) and was still higher in adult sows; the difference between pig stages was more pronounced for diet MB. At each stage, the digestibility of energy or nutrients was lower (P < 0.01) for diets MB or WB than for diet SBP. Accordingly, the energy and DF digestibility of sugar-beet pulp was higher and increased much less with BW. The MRT was shorter for diets MB and WB in growing pigs and in sows. Sows had a longer MRT (81 h) than finishing pigs (37 h) and growing pigs (33 h); however, MRT was highly variable between sows. It is concluded that the degree to which different types of DF are digested depends, in part, on the botanical origin, and it may be improved by a longer MRT in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Some fibrous foodstuffs (such as maize-by products) will benefit more from a longer MRT than others.

Increasing magnesium intakes in relation to magnesium absorption in dry cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surasak Jittakhot ◽  
J Thomas Schonewille ◽  
Hugo Wouterse ◽  
Anton WJ Uijttewaal ◽  
Chalermpon Yuangklang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Saturation Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Earlier studies with temporarily isolated rumen of heifers show saturation kinetics of Mg efflux across the rumen wall. Therefore, we hypothesized that high Mg intakes would not further increase the rate of Mg absorption in cows. To test our hypothesis, six ruminally fistulated non-pregnant dry cows were given diets with different Mg concentrations in a 6×6 Latin square design. Desired concentrations of Mg were attained by adding MgO to the basal diet and the Mg concentrations in the total rations were 3·8, 6·4, 9·1, 11·8, 14·1 and 17·3 g Mg/kg dry matter, which provided Mg intakes of 27·1, 44·6, 64·6, 83·5, 100·4 and 124·3 g/d, respectively. Increasing Mg intakes were associated with increased (P<0·001) faecal Mg excretion. However, apparent Mg absorption expressed as g/d was not significantly different for Mg intakes from 100·4 to 124·3 g/d while Mg absorption expressed as a proportion of intake was not significantly different for Mg intakes ranging from 64·6 to 124·3 g/d. Mg concentrations in rumen fluid after feeding increased (P<0·001) with increasing Mg intakes. Apparent absorption of Mg appeared to become saturated at a ruminal Mg concentration of 17·5 mM (Mg intake of 83·5 g/d). Group-mean post-feeding concentrations of Mg and Na in rumen fluid were significantly correlated (Pearson's r=−0·96; P=0·003, n=6). This study showed that under conditions of practical dairy cow feeding, Mg absorption was maximal at Mg intakes [ges ]84 g/d.

scholarly journals The mobile bag technique as a method for determining the degradation of four botanically diverse fibrous feedstuffs in the small intestine and total digestive tract of ponies

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. S. Moore-Colyer ◽  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
A. C. Longland ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Naked Oats

Anin saccomobile bag technique was used to determine the rate and extent of disappearance of unmolassed sugar-beet pulp, soyabean hulls, hay cubes and an oat hull–naked oats mixture (67:33, w/w) in the foregut and total digestive tract of ponies. Ponies were administered naso-gastrically polyester mesh bags (60×10×10 mm) containing 350 mg feed, in a 3×4 Latin square design. Bags were collected at the ileo-caecal junction (small intestine bag, SIB) and in the faeces (faecal bag, FB) and their residues analysed for proximate constituents and NSP composition and content. DM disappearances from individual bags were fitted to degradation profiles () and effective degradability values determined. Significant differences (P<0·05) in DM, organic matter and crude protein (N×6·25) losses from SIB were noted between feeds with hay cubes and oat hulls–naked oats > sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls. Acid-detergent fibre, neutral-detergent fibre and NSP disappearances were small and varied little between feeds. In contrast, FB losses showed significant (P<0·05) differences for all constituents measured with sugar-beet pulp > soyabean hulls > hay cubes > oat hulls–naked oats. Crude protein losses from sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls in FB were significantly higher (P<0·05) than from SIB. FB degradation curves showed degradation to be affected by bag residence time with sugar-beet pulp > soyabean hulls and the effective degradability showed that significantly more (P<0·05) sugar-beet pulp was lost at 40.0 and 60.0 h than for the other three feeds. These results show that sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls are rapidly degraded by ponies and could be used as alternatives to hay in equid rations. However, the foregut availability of crude protein from sugar-beet pulp is poor, so a readily digestible source of crude protein should be offered to animals with high protein demands when diets are based on sugar-beet pulp.

scholarly journals Autumn-cut grass silage as roughage component in dairy cow rations. 2. Rumen degradation, fermentation and kinetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-234
Author(s):  
H. De Visser ◽  
H. Huisert ◽  
A. Klop ◽  
R.S. Ketelaar
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Gluten Feed

In a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment the effects of DM content and/or the extent of fermentation in grass silages on the pattern of rumen fermentation and rumen kinetics were studied. In a separate study two cows were used to measure the rate of degradation using the dacron bag technique. Four rumen cannulated dairy cows were used to measure rumen fermentation pattern, rumen kinetics were measured in three of these animals. Basal diets (70% of total DM) consisted of maize silage, moist ensiled beet pulp, moist ensiled maize gluten feed, moist ensiled brewers' grains and a concentrate mixture. The remainder of the diet (30% of total DM) was wilted grass silage (WGS), high moisture grass silage with molasses (MGS), high moisture silage with formic acid (FGS) or wilted grass silage with additional water (WW). All diets were fed as complete feeds. pH of the rumen fluid was lower on the MGS and FGS diets. Concentrations of total VFA, acetic acid, ammonia and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) were highest on high moisture diets (MGS and FGS). Rates of clearance and digestion of the organic matter (OM) fractions were or showed tendencies towards being negatively influenced by both MGS and FGS, but remained unaffected by WGS and WW. Degradability of the grass silages was influenced by fermentation in the silo (lower digestible fractions and higher soluble fractions), as were rates of degradation (higher). Results of the degradability measured on the basal diet ingredients were in agreement with published literature and showed a strong correlation between OM digestibility in vitro and the undigestible fraction.

Timing of fish meal supplementation for finishing beef cattle offered grass silage

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
P S Kirby ◽  
N A Watson ◽  
D G Rennie ◽  
T O Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Beet Pulp

Results from three previous experiments with finishing cattle on an 18-month beef system indicate that the major increases in daily live-weight gain (DLG) occur within the first 50 to 60 days of supplementation with fish meal. Hence, it may be possible to remove fish meal from the diet after the initial two months of the finishing winter without any subsequent effect on animal performance.For the last nine weeks at grass the experimental cattle were given 1.4-kg/head/day dried sugar beet pulp nuts. On housing this allowance was increased to 3.0 kg and the 48 British Friesian steers were offered grass silage ad libitum (round bale silage for one week and precision-chopped clamp silage thereafter). The 3.0-kg dried sugar beet pulp was given for five days and after a 10-day changeover period the nuts were replaced by 15-kg potatoes. Cattle were offered the basal diet of precision-chopped silage and potatoes for 12 days before starting the experiment.Steers were implanted with 300-mg trenbolone acetate (Finaplix, Hoechst UK Ltd, Milton Keynes) and 36-mg zeranol (Ralgro, Crown Chemical Company Ltd, Lamberhurst) 20 days before randomisation.

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