scholarly journals Lingering prenatal effects of the 1918 influenza pandemic on cardiovascular disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mazumder ◽  
D. Almond ◽  
K. Park ◽  
E. M. Crimmins ◽  
C. E. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Maternal Malnutrition ◽  
Maternal Infections ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Usa ◽  
1918 Influenza

Prenatal exposure to the 1918 influenza pandemic (Influenza A, H1N1 subtype) is associated with ⩾20% excess cardiovascular disease at 60 to 82 years of age, relative to cohorts born without exposure to the influenza epidemic, either prenatally or postnatally (defined by the quarter of birth), in the 1982–1996 National Health Interview Surveys of the USA. Males showed stronger effects of influenza on increased later heart disease than females. Adult height at World War II enlistment was lower for the 1919 birth cohort than for those born in adjacent years, suggesting growth retardation. Calculations on the prevalence of maternal infections indicate that prenatal exposure to even uncomplicated maternal influenza may have lasting consequences later in life. These findings suggest novel roles for maternal infections in the fetal programming of cardiovascular risk factors that are independent of maternal malnutrition.

scholarly journals Children under 10 years of age were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic in Canada: ‎possible cohort effect following the 2009 influenza pandemic

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta M Skowronski ◽  
Siobhan Leir ◽  
Gaston De Serres ◽  
Michelle Murti ◽  
James A Dickinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Medical Visits ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
2009 Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Negative Controls

Introduction Findings from the community-based Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN) suggest children were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic. Aim To compare the age distribution of A(H1N1)pdm09 cases in 2018/19 to prior seasonal influenza epidemics in Canada. Methods The age distribution of unvaccinated influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases and test-negative controls were compared across A(H1N1)pdm09-dominant epidemics in 2018/19, 2015/16 and 2013/14 and with the general population of SPSN provinces. Similar comparisons were undertaken for influenza A(H3N2)-dominant epidemics. Results In 2018/19, more influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases were under 10 years old than controls (29% vs 16%; p < 0.001). In particular, children aged 5–9 years comprised 14% of cases, greater than their contribution to controls (4%) or the general population (5%) and at least twice their contribution in 2015/16 (7%; p < 0.001) or 2013/14 (5%; p < 0.001). Conversely, children aged 10–19 years (11% of the population) were under-represented among A(H1N1)pdm09 cases versus controls in 2018/19 (7% vs 12%; p < 0.001), 2015/16 (7% vs 13%; p < 0.001) and 2013/14 (9% vs 12%; p = 0.12). Conclusion Children under 10 years old contributed more to outpatient A(H1N1)pdm09 medical visits in 2018/19 than prior seasonal epidemics in Canada. In 2018/19, all children under 10 years old were born after the 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic and therefore lacked pandemic-induced immunity. In addition, more than half those born after 2009 now attend school (i.e. 5–9-year-olds), a socio-behavioural context that may enhance transmission and did not apply during prior A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemics.

The Osteopathic Approach During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, Featuring Newly Analyzed Case Reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Ching ◽  
Ashley Watson ◽  
Tyler Watson ◽  
Philip Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Osteopathic Medicine ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
Osteopathic Physicians

Abstract Osteopathic physicians played a pivotal role in treating patients suffering from the H1N1 influenza A virus of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. This article focuses on case reports and questionnaire answers from the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association (JAOA), now the Journal of Osteopathic Medicine (JOM), and Osteopathic Physician concerning the modalities, techniques, and efficacy of osteopathic treatments of the 1918 pandemic. There are 19,565 patients who are represented in this analysis. The results are compared to the often-cited 110,120 patient cases reported by the JOM in 1920. Several different approaches, including lymphatic and visceral techniques, were widely used at the time, and their historic incorporation into patient treatment is explored. There is a discussion of the geographic location and characteristics of the practices. Statistical breakdown of mortality rate, the most commonly used approaches, somatic dysfunctions commonly treated, physician anecdotes, and other common remedies used by osteopathic physicians, are noted additionally. A comparison is done of the literature regarding the osteopathic approach for COVID-19. The newly analyzed case reports in this article demonstrate a similar mortality rate as in the 1920 JAOA article and illustrate the geographical distribution, treatment approaches, and personal stories of osteopaths during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Roles of Different Transport Modes in the Spatial Spread of the 2009 Influenza A(H1N1) Pandemic in Mainland China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Cai ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
Karen Kie Yan Chan ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
Rail Travel

There is increasing concern about another influenza pandemic in China. However, the understanding of the roles of transport modes in the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic spread across mainland China is limited. Herein, we collected 127,797 laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in mainland China from May 2009 to April 2010. Arrival days and peak days were calculated for all 340 prefectures to characterize the dissemination patterns of the pandemic. We first evaluated the effects of airports and railway stations on arrival days and peak days, and then we applied quantile regressions to quantify the relationships between arrival days and air, rail, and road travel. Our results showed that early arrival of the virus was not associated with an early incidence peak. Airports and railway stations in prefectures significantly advanced arrival days but had no significant impact on peak days. The pandemic spread across mainland China from the southeast to the northwest in two phases that were split at approximately 1 August 2009. Both air and road travel played a significant role in accelerating the spread during phases I and II, but rail travel was only significant during phase II. In conclusion, in addition to air and road travel, rail travel also played a significant role in accelerating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 spread between prefectures. Establishing a multiscale mobility network that considers the competitive advantage of rail travel for mid to long distances is essential for understanding the influenza pandemic transmission in China.

Hospital Capacity during an Influenza Pandemic—Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elissa Meites ◽  
Daniel Farias ◽  
Lucrecia Raffo ◽  
Rachel Albalak ◽  
Oreste Luis Carlino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
Surge Capacity ◽  
Hospital Capacity ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

At a major referral hospital in the Southern Hemisphere, the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic brought increased critical care demand and more unscheduled nursing absences. Because of careful preparedness planning, including rapid expansion and redistribution of the numbers of available beds and staff, hospital surge capacity was not exceeded.

scholarly journals Real-time estimation of the hospitalization fatality risk of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Hong Kong

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579-1583
Author(s):  
J. Y. WONG ◽  
P. WU ◽  
E. H. Y. LAU ◽  
T. K. TSANG ◽  
V. J. FANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Right Censoring ◽  
Fatality Risk ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYDuring the early stage of an epidemic, timely and reliable estimation of the severity of infections are important for predicting the impact that the influenza viruses will have in the population. We obtained age-specific deaths and hospitalizations for patients with laboratory-confirmed H1N1pdm09 infections from June 2009 to December 2009 in Hong Kong. We retrospectively obtained the real-time estimates of the hospitalization fatality risk (HFR), using crude estimation or allowing for right-censoring for final status in some patients. Models accounting for right-censoring performed better than models without adjustments. The risk of deaths in hospitalized patients with confirmed H1N1pdm09 increased with age. Reliable estimates of the HFR could be obtained before the peak of the first wave of H1N1pdm09 in young and middle-aged adults but after the peak in the elderly. In the next influenza pandemic, timely estimation of the HFR will contribute to risk assessment and disease control.

scholarly journals Role of Sialic Acid Binding Specificity of the 1918 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Protein in Virulence and Pathogenesis for Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 3754-3761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Qi ◽  
John C. Kash ◽  
Vivien G. Dugan ◽  
Ruixue Wang ◽  
Guozhong Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Sialic Acid Binding ◽  
1918 Influenza

ABSTRACT The 1918 influenza pandemic caused more than 40 million deaths and likely resulted from the introduction and adaptation of a novel avian-like virus. Influenza A virus hemagglutinins are important in host switching and virulence. Avian-adapted influenza virus hemagglutinins bind sialic acid receptors linked via α2-3 glycosidic bonds, while human-adapted hemagglutinins bind α2-6 receptors. Sequence analysis of 1918 isolates showed hemagglutinin genes with α2-6 or mixed α2-6/α2-3 binding. To characterize the role of the sialic acid binding specificity of the 1918 hemagglutinin, we evaluated in mice chimeric influenza viruses expressing wild-type and mutant hemagglutinin genes from avian and 1918 strains with differing receptor specificities. Viruses expressing 1918 hemagglutinin possessing either α2-6, α2-3, or α2-3/α2-6 sialic acid specificity were fatal to mice, with similar pathology and cellular tropism. Changing α2-3 to α2-6 binding specificity did not increase the lethality of an avian-adapted hemagglutinin. Thus, the 1918 hemagglutinin contains murine virulence determinants independent of receptor binding specificity.

scholarly journals Pandemic H1N1 influenza: predicting the course of a pandemic and assessing the efficacy of the planned vaccination programme in the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Towers ◽  
Z Feng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Control And Prevention

We use data on confirmed cases of pandemic influenza A(H1N1), disseminated by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(US CDC), to fit the parameters of a seasonally forced Susceptible, Infective, Recovered (SIR) model. We use the resulting model to predict the course of the H1N1 influenza pandemic in autumn 2009, and we assess the efficacy of the planned CDC H1N1 vaccination campaign. The model predicts that there will be a significant wave in autumn, with 63% of the population being infected, and that this wave will peak so early that the planned CDC vaccination campaign will likely not have a large effect on the total number of people ultimately infected by the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus.

scholarly journals Community transmission of influenza A (H1N1)v virus at a rock festival in Belgium, 2-5 July 2009

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gutiérrez ◽  
A Litzroth ◽  
S Hammadi ◽  
H Van Oyen ◽  
C Gérard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
And Control

On 6 July 2009 the Belgian enhanced surveillance system for influenza-like illness among travellers returning from influenza A(H1N1)v affected areas detected a case linked to a rock festival which took place on 2-5 July. The health authorities implemented communication and control measures leading to the detection of aditional cases. This paper describes the outbreak and its impact on the management of the influenza pandemic in Belgium.

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