Prenatal programming of depression: cumulative risk or mismatch in the Ontario Child Health Study?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Calan Savoy ◽  
Ryan J. Van Lieshout
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adolescent Stress ◽  
Risk Scale ◽  
Mismatch Hypothesis

Abstract Consistent with cumulative risk hypotheses of psychopathology, studies examining prenatal adversity and later mental health largely suggest that pre and postnatal stress exposures have summative effects. Fewer data support that a mismatch in stress levels between pre- and postnatal life increases risk (the mismatch hypothesis). In this retrospective cohort study using data from the 1983 Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS), we examined interactions between birth weight status and childhood/adolescent stress to predict major depression in adulthood. Ninety-five participants born at low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g) and 972 normal birth weight (NBW) control participants completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short-Form Major Depression module at 21–34 years of age. A youth risk scale consisting of five stressful exposures (family dysfunction, socioeconomic disadvantage, parental criminality, maternal mental illness, exposure to other life stresses) indexed child/adolescent adversity. Birth weight groups did not differ by childhood risk score nor depression levels. A significant interaction was observed between birth weight and the youth risk scale whereby exposure to increasing levels of exposure to childhood/adolescent adversity predicted increased levels of depression in the NBW group, but lower rates in those born at LBW. Consistent with the mismatch hypothesis, data from a large, longitudinally followed cohort suggest that the mental health of adults born LBW may be more resilient to the adverse effects of childhood/adolescent stress. Taken in the context of previous studies of low birth weight infants, these findings suggest that the nature of associations between gestational stress and later mental health may depend on the magnitude of prenatal stress exposure, as well as the degree of resilience and/or plasticity conferred by their early-life environment.

Effect of Maternal Migraine during Gestation and Delivery Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3310-3311
Author(s):  
Maryam Shoaib ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Tareen ◽  
Samia Saifullah ◽  
Fahmida Umar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Key Words Migraine ◽  
Visual Aura ◽  
Group I ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Sound Sensitivity ◽  
Term Labour

Background: Migraine is defined as a condition accompanied with head ache, nausea, visual and sound sensitivity. Objective: To determine the effect of migraine on maternal and neonatal health. Study Design: Case control study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta from 1st August 2018 to 31st August 2021. Methodology: One hundred pregnant women divided into migraine and non-migraine groups were enrolled. Both groups were assessed for their sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical status. Their information was documented. Results: Group I females were above 36 years of age and were in their first trimester. There were 56% women who did not presented visual aura. More irritability, pre-term labour and preeclampsia, risk of C section and hypertension was noticed in group I than Group II. Conclusion: Migraine is linked with higher risk of hypertension, preeclampsia, C section and low birth weight new born. Key words: Migraine, Pregnancy, Low birth weight

scholarly journals Maternal Factors and Utilization of the Antenatal Care Services during Pregnancy Associated with Low Birth Weight in Rural Nepal: Analyses of the Antenatal Care and Birth Weight Records of the MATRI-SUMAN Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilaram Acharya ◽  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
Rajendra Kadel ◽  
Seok-Ju Yoo ◽  
Ji-Hyuk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Child Health Service ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Rural Nepal

Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major public health problem in developing countries, including Nepal. This study was undertaken to examine the association between LBW and maternal factors and antenatal care service utilization, in rural Nepal, using data obtained for a capacity-building and text-messaging intervention, designed to enhance maternal and child health service utilization among pregnant women, in rural Nepal (“MATRI-SUMAN”). The study used a clustered randomized controlled design and was conducted during 2015–2016. We investigated maternal and antenatal care service utilization determinants of LBW, using a logistic regression model. Of the four hundred and two singleton babies, included in the present study, seventy-eight (19.4%) had an LBW (mean (SD), 2210.64 (212.47)) grams. It was found that Dalit caste/ethnicity, illiteracy, manual labor, a female baby, and having more than four family members were significantly positively associated with LBW. In addition, mothers who did not visit an antenatal care (ANC) unit, visited an ANC < 4 times, did not take iron and folic acid (IFA), de-worming tablets, and mothers that did not consume additional food, during pregnancy, were more likely to have an LBW baby, than their counterparts. The MATRI-SUMAN intervention and availability of a kitchen garden at home, were found to reduce the risk of LBW. Nepalese child survival policies and programs should pay attention to these maternal and antenatal care service utilization factors, while designating preventive strategies to improve child health outcomes.

Neonatology—Science or Art?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 880-880
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Exact Science ◽  
Weight Outcomes

To the Editor.— The authors of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research network report1 of very low birth weight outcomes deserve a lot of praise for providing a survey of neonatal practices. But they are much too polite. In the discussion of "important intercenter variation as well as differences in the philosophy of care," the authors mildly note, "the practice of neonatal medicine remains in part an art rather than an exact science."

Very Low Birth Weight Outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Network

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Hack ◽  
Jeffrey D. Horbar ◽  
Michael H. Malloy ◽  
Linda Wright ◽  
Jon E. Tyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Weight Outcomes

This report describes the neonatal outcomes of 1765 very low birth weight (&lt;1500 g) infants delivered from November 1987 through October 1988 at the seven participating centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Intensive Care Network. Survival was 34% at &lt;751 g birth weight (range between centers 20% to 55%), 66% at 751 through 1000 g (range 42% to 75%), 87% at 1001 through 1250 g (range 84% to 91%), and 93% at 1251 through 1500 g (range 89% to 98%). By obstetric measures of gestation, survival was 23% at 23 weeks (range 0% to 33%), 34% at 24 weeks (range 10% to 57%), and 54% at 25 weeks (range 30% to 72%). Neonatal morbidity included respiratory distress (67%), symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (25%), necrotizing enterocolitis (6%), septicemia (17%), meningitis (2%), urinary tract infection (4%), and intraventricular hemorrhage (45%, 18% grade III and IV). Morbidity increased with decreasing birth weight. Oxygen was administered for ≥28 days to 79% of &lt;751-g birth weight infants (range between centers 67% to 100%), 45% of 751-through 1000-g infants (range 20% to 68%), and 13% of 1001- through 1500-g infants (range 5% to 23%). Ventilator support for ≥28 days was given to 68% of infants at &lt;751 g, 29% at 751 through 1000 g, and 4% at &gt;1000 g. Hospital stay was 59 days for survivors vs 15 days for infants who died. Sixty-nine percent of survivors had subnormal (&lt;10th percentile) weight at discharge. The data demonstrate important intercenter variation of current neonatal outcomes, as well as differences in philosophy of care and definition and prevalence of morbidity.

scholarly journals IS BEING A PREMATURE OR HAVING ABNORMAL BIRTH WEIGHT ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION AMONG 6 - 17 YEARS OLD U.S. CHILDREN?

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. e51-e51
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Bahassan ◽  
Colin Depp
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
History Of

Abstract BACKGROUND Reports in 2015 showed that premature birth rate in the United States increased when compared to 2014 data, and this was the first increment since 2007. Major complications of prematurity and birth weight abnormalities are well known, but other complications including mental health abnormalities require more investigation to understand their association well. OBJECTIVES We aimed in this study to determine if prematurity and birth weight abnormalities including very low birth weight (VLBW) and low birth weight (LBW) are associated with depression among United States children aged between six and seventeen years old. ​ DESIGN/METHODS This is a cross sectional study using data from the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) 2011–2012. When we applied our selection criteria, 84,182 children out of the total 95,677 NSCH population were selected. Our exclusion criteria were: age less than six years, child’s history of cerebral palsy, and mental retardation. Multivariable logistic regression was done to control for confounding effects when studying the association of prematurity, birth weight abnormalities and depression. ​ RESULTS Our results reveal that 3.6% of our population had history of depression, 11% were born prematurely, 7.4% had low birth weight, and 1.5% had very low birth weight. Depression was more frequent in children who were born prematurely (prevalence 4.3%) when compared to children born at term. Different models were built to analyze the association between prematurity, birth weight abnormalities and depression. There was no detectable statistically significant association when controlling for demographic data (age, gender, race, family structure) and mental health risk factors (parental poor mental health, chronic health conditions) as well as other factors. Results reveal that children who had chronic health conditions or had adverse family experiences have greater odds of having depression. On the other hand, African-American, male, and younger (6–11 years old) children have lower odds of depression. ​ CONCLUSION Further longitudinal studies are required to establish a causal relationship of behavioral and psychological complications, and to determine the biological mechanisms of brain development that could be associated with depression among premature infants or those who have birth weight abnormalities.

scholarly journals Six-Month Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Service Contacts among Children and Youth in Ontario: Evidence from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katholiki Georgiades ◽  
Laura Duncan ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Jinette Comeau ◽  
Michael H. Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Mental Health Provider ◽  
Health Provider ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Objectives: To present the 6-month prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders and mental health–related service contacts in a sample of children (4 to 11 years) and youth (12 to 17 years) in Ontario. Methods: The 2014 Ontario Child Health Study is a provincially representative survey of 6537 families with children aged 4 to 17 years in Ontario. DSM-IV-TR mental disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) and included mood (major depressive episode), anxiety (generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social phobia, specific phobia), and behaviour disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder).The MINI-KID was administered independently to the primary caregiver and youth aged 12 to 17 years in the family’s home. Results: Past 6-month prevalence of any mental disorder ranged from 18.2% to 21.8% depending on age and informant. Behaviour disorders were the most common among children, and anxiety disorders were the most common among youth. Among children and youth with a parent-identified mental disorder, 25.6% of children and 33.7% of youth had contact with a mental health provider. However, 60% had contact with one or more of the providers or service settings assessed, most often through schools. Conclusions: Between 18% and 22% of children and youth in Ontario met criteria for a mental disorder but less than one-third had contact with a mental health provider. These findings provide support for strengthening prevention and early intervention efforts and enhancing service capacity to meet the mental health needs of children and youth in Ontario.

scholarly journals Home foreclosure and risk of psychiatric morbidity during the recent financial crisis

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. McLaughlin ◽  
A. Nandi ◽  
K. M. Keyes ◽  
M. Uddin ◽  
A. E. Aiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
The Us ◽  
Home Foreclosure

BackgroundA defining feature of the US economic downturn of 2008–2010 was the alarming rate of home foreclosure. Although a substantial number of US households have experienced foreclosure since 2008, the effects of foreclosure on mental health are unknown. We examined the effects of foreclosure on psychiatric symptomatology in a prospective, population-based community survey.MethodData were drawn from the Detroit Neighborhoods and Health Study (DNHS), waves 1 and 2 (2008–2010). A probability sample of predominantly African-American adults in Detroit, Michigan participated (n=1547). We examined the association between home foreclosure between waves 1 and 2 and increases in symptoms of DSM-IV major depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).ResultsThe most common reasons for foreclosure were an increase in monthly payments, an increase in non-medical expenses and a reduction in family income. Exposure to foreclosure between waves 1 and 2 predicted symptoms of major depression and GAD at wave 2, controlling for symptoms at wave 1. Even after adjusting for wave 1 symptoms, sociodemographics, lifetime history of psychiatric disorder at wave 1 and exposure to other financial stressors between waves 1 and 2, foreclosure was associated with an increased rate of symptoms of major depression [incidence density ratio (IDR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–3.6] and GAD (IDR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4–2.6).ConclusionsWe provide the first prospective evidence linking foreclosure to the onset of mental health problems. These results, combined with the high rate of home foreclosure since 2008, suggest that the foreclosure crisis may have adverse effects on the mental health of the US population.

ASSESSING SURVEY MEASURES OF INFANT BIRTH WEIGHT AND BIRTH SIZE IN ECUADOR

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH EGGLESTON ◽  
AMY ONG TSUI ◽  
JUDITH FORTNEY
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Singleton Birth ◽  
Proxy Indicators ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
Actual Prevalence ◽  
Live Singleton Birth

The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of using maternal assessments of infant birth size as proxy measures for birth weight in Ecuador, a country in which a sizeable proportion of births take place at home, where birth weight is typically not recorded. Four thousand and seventy-eight women who experienced a live singleton birth between January 1992 and August 1994 were interviewed in the Ecuador Demographic and Maternal–Child Health Survey. All women were asked if their child was weighed at birth, his/her weight, and what they considered to be his/her birth size relative to other newborns. The consistency between birth size and birth weight measures was assessed, and the differences between infants with and without reported birth weights were explored. The authors conclude that maternal assessments of birth size are poor proxy indicators of birth weight. Estimates of low birth weight based on maternal assessments of birth size as very small should be recognized as underestimates of the actual prevalence of low birth weight. Moreover, infants for whom birth weights are missing should not be considered similar to those for whom weight was reported. Those without reported birth weights are more likely to be low birth weight. Thus, relying solely on reports of numeric birth weight will underestimate the prevalence of low birth weight.

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