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2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
E. S. Sycheva ◽  
V. M. Alpatov

This paper is an interview with Vladimir M. Alpatov, Doctor of Philology, full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, distinguished linguist, and expert on Japanese studies. The focus of the interview is intercultural communication and the problems associated with translating languages and cultural realities. The difference between cultures makes it necessary to provide extensive commentaries to make the text comprehensive to foreign readers. Though, Vladimir M. Alpatov notes, the comments depend on the purposes and types of translation, such as academic or literary translation. Symbols are part of a greater symbolic and cultural system. Often it is not the symbol but one’s attitude towards the object that causes misunderstanding and requires clarification. Vladimir A. Alpatov gives many examples of how the Japanese view and treat life differently from Russian people. Many discrepancies come from domestic life and economic practices: the Japanese are less knowledgeable about cattle than many other nations. At the same time, insects that are found all around the world receive special treatment and admiration. Vladimir A. Alpatov makes a critical point on the absence of a proper method of studying cultural differences. We observe and list numerous cultural differences, but explanations and theories we come up with have no solid methodological basis. Another topic discussed is machine translation and AI Linguistics used to be considered exact science that implied the possibility of machine translation not assisted by humans. However, it did not happen yet, and the need for human-to-human translation or post-editing is obvious. With literary translation and translation from unrelated languages, the case against AI is stronger — human intuition in translating cultural specifics is indispensable, and various translations rather than a single canonic one should be welcome. Differentiation of sciences brought about cultural studies and linguistic-cultural studies that finally embraced the study of language as one of the vital elements of culture. Today many students study foreign languages and are interested in intercultural communication. They need to learn that we can overcome bias and prejudices through personal contact. One more way to promote a different vision of one’s culture and country — is to speak about it in an understandable language, for example, on the Internet.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
C. Muss ◽  
J. Miklosko ◽  
M. Vladarova ◽  
S. Subramanian ◽  
M. Olah

This issue of Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention is dedicated to decea- sed co-founder of our Journal and President of the International Society of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Medicine, Director of the First Department of Peri- natal Psychology and Medicine, Honorary Doctor and holder of Honorary Degrees and Medals of multiple Universities in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Malaysia, etc, Doctor of Medicine and Psychology and Editor in chief of four Medical Journ- als: Acta Neurosa Superioris Rediviva, Neuroendocrinology Letters, Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention and Int. Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Medicine (1-4). Together with his spouse Lili Maas, ArtD., who added to the exact science, arts and her heart and love, all of those Journals were not only reading of naked facts and theories, or science but both were teaching us to accept psycho- logy, social work and medicine as art culture and love, what is more than science and knowledge, more than facts. (From the letter of St. Paul and two letters of St. Peter, New Testament)


CAUCHY ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Jonner Nainggolan

COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the world's health and economy and has resulted in many deaths since the first case occurred in China at the end of 2019. Moreover, The COVID-19 disease spread throughout the world, including Indonesia on March 2, 2020.  Coronavirus quickly spreads through droplets of phlegm through the throat to the lungs. Researchers in the medical field and the exact science are jointly examined the spread, prevention, and optimal control of COVID-19 disease. Due to the prevention of COVID-19, a vaccine has been found  in early 2021, which at the time, the vaccination process was carried out worldwide against COVID-19. This paper examines the spread model of SVEIR-type COVID-19 by considering the vaccination subpopulation. In this study, control of prevention efforts (  and ) and healing efforts  are given and being analyzed with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta approach. Based on numerical simulations, it can be seen that using the controls    and  can reduce the number of infected individuals in the subpopulation compared to those without control. The  control can increase the number of recovered individual subpopulations.Keywords: COVID-19; SVEIR model; optimal control; treatment; vaccination.


2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghvinder Gambhir ◽  
Shruti Bodapati

Abstract Aim To assess the impact of public health messaging on the COVID-19 deaths Methods Review of all government, Public Health England, NHS England messages during the pandemic to see how they influenced public activity and thereby influenced hospital admissions and death. Results The one thing that has been consistent in the government messages has been to follow the rules “To save the NHS’. This came in from seeing the Italian health system in Lombardy being overwhelmed in the beginning of the year. Repeatedly public asked on the role of the masks and every time they were told that science did not support its use. It took 6 months for science to catch up with common sense but the message remained “To save the NHS” and not “To save your life”. 76% of the 100,000 deaths occurred in the hospitals making them the killing fields of the 21st Century as primary care shut its door to primary treatment of these patients. The patients got advice form online call centres and waited to get seriously ill before reporting to emergency departments. In the hospitals more deaths occurred on the wards then on ITU as patients were triaged or care rationed. Conclusion The government and Public Health England failed to act on the lessons from previous respiratory viruses world over and waited for exact science to be available before changing their social messaging. This in part contributed to lack of public compliance and over 100000 deaths in the UK.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Ilse Svensson de Jong

To date, measuring innovation has not been an exact science. As in many areas of organizational life, errors in measuring innovation are a recurring fact. Innovation researchers and practitioners alike have become increasingly interested in understanding the occurrence of organizational errors and how these errors affect innovation and its measurement. This empirical study aims to address this under-explored area by utilizing a qualitative in-depth case study at the innovation department of an organization with production sites and sales organizations worldwide. A total of 28 semi-structured interviews at several organizational levels were conducted, with innovation managers, project managers, senior managers, and staff. Based on the findings in this case study, three explanations are presented on how organizational errors occur when using innovation KPIs (key performance indicators). The first explanation can be connected to the increasing complexity of innovation and its intangible nature. Another explanation can be traced to the difference between innovation strategy and innovation KPIs. Lastly, room for organizational errors can be related to the multitude of individuals and organizational levels involved in innovation and its measurement. The implications for practitioners are that innovation KPIs are not precise metrics but should be seen as estimates with organizational errors. Whether or not these innovation KPIs can be used as tools to turn innovation into competitive advantages largely depends on whether wrong is right. Future research should focus on the metrics that are implemented and actually in use, as this future path would highlight the function and dysfunction that organizational errors in innovation KPIs can have.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205395172110335
Author(s):  
Franziska Martini ◽  
Paul Samula ◽  
Tobias R Keller ◽  
Ulrike Klinger

Social bots – partially or fully automated accounts on social media platforms – have not only been widely discussed, but have also entered political, media and research agendas. However, bot detection is not an exact science. Quantitative estimates of bot prevalence vary considerably and comparative research is rare. We show that findings on the prevalence and activity of bots on Twitter depend strongly on the methods used to identify automated accounts. We search for bots in political discourses on Twitter, using three different bot detection methods: Botometer, Tweetbotornot and “heavy automation”. We drew a sample of 122,884 unique user Twitter accounts that had produced 263,821 tweets contributing to five political discourses in five Western democracies. While all three bot detection methods classified accounts as bots in all our cases, the comparison shows that the three approaches produce very different results. We discuss why neither manual validation nor triangulation resolves the basic problems, and conclude that social scientists studying the influence of social bots on (political) communication and discourse dynamics should be careful with easy-to-use methods, and consider interdisciplinary research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Sturcz

Az 1860-as években a műegyetem tanári karában többször megfogalmazódott, hogy a reáliskolai képzés színvonalát emelni kell. Ennek módját egy reáliskolai tanárképezde felállításában látták. A kezdeményezés kölcsönösen összetalálkozott az Eötvös-féle tanárképzési tervezetekkel, így 1870-ben nemcsak a pesti egyetemen, hanem a műegyetemen is létrejött a tanárképző intézet. A reáliskolai tanárképezde megszervezésében Stoczek Józsefnek – az intézmény akkori vezetőjének – volt meghatározó szerepe, aki a képezdébe a műegyetemi tanári kar legjobb és legsokoldalúbb erőit vonta be, maga pedig az igazgatást is felvállalta. Stoczek az oktatókat részben polihisztori mivoltuk, részben a műszaki és humán műveltség iránti mély elkötelezettségük, továbbá közéleti szerepük miatt választott be a tanári karba. A műegyetemi levéltári dokumentumok alapján egyértelmű, hogy ennek az intézetnek a működését a magyar értelmiségképzés szempontjából kiemelt és küldetéses feladatnak tekintette a műegyetem. Az alapgondolat szerint egyrészt szakmailag igényes és pedagógiailag kiművelt reáliskolai tanárokat képeznének ki; másrészt az általuk jól felkészített reáliskolai növendékek minőségi és mennyiségi változást hozhatnának a műegyetemre felvételizők körében. Az 1780 és 1873 között működő műegyetemi reáliskolai tanárképezde a szakmai tanárképzésünk alapvető történeti szakaszának tekinthető. 1783 őszén Trefort Ágoston szervezetileg összevonta a két tanárképzőt egy intézetbe. A tapasztalatok egy része beolvadhatott az új közös intézetbe. A rövid ideig tartó műegyetemi működés ellenére – a szervezettség, az igényesség, a sokoldalúság okán – a tanárképző intézet szellemiségének további és jelentős kisugárzása volt a műegyetem munkájának egészére nézve, illetve a helyi pedagógiai szakmai vonulat megszületésére. ’At the distance of 150 years: teachers’ training institution of exact sciences operating at the University of Technology (1870 -1873)In the 1860s, the staff of the technical university worded several times that the quality of education at schools specialized in exact science should be improved. To achieve this, they believed a training institution for teachers of technical schools should be established. This idea met the plans of Eötvös’s teacher training plans, so in 1870 a teacher training institution was established not only at the university of Pest but the university of technology, as well. József Stoczek, the current director of the institution, had a decisive role in organizing the training institute for teachers of exact sciences; he involved the best and versatile members of the staff of the technical university, and undertook leadership himself. Stoczek selected the professors partly because of their generalist nature and engagement for exact and social disciplines, partly because of their role played in public life. According to the documents of the archives of the technical university, it is clear the university took the operation of this institute as a highlighted and mission-like task in terms of educating Hungarian intellectuals. The basic idea was that technical school teachers possessing high quality professional and pedagogical knowledge would be trained on one hand and the pupils prepared by these teachers could bring a qualitative and quantitative change in the group of university applicants.  The teacher training institute having operated at the university of technology between 1870 and 1873 can be considered a basic historical period of our vocational teacher training. In the autumn of 1883, Ágoston Trefort merged the two teacher training institutions into a new one. Despite the short time of operation at the technical university, the teacher training institution, owing to its being well-organized, high-standard and versatile, had further and significant impacts on the work of the whole university as well as the birth of the local pedagogical thread.   


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Howard ◽  
Jang Pak ◽  
David May ◽  
Stanford Gibson ◽  
Chris Haring ◽  
...  

Calculating scour potential in a stream or river is as much a geomorphological art as it is an exact science. The complexity of stream hydraulics and heterogeneity of river-bed materials makes scour predictions in natural channels uncertain. Uncertain scour depths near high-hazard flood-risk zones and flood-risk management structures lead to over-designed projects and difficult flood-risk management decisions. This Regional Sediment Management technical report presents an approach for estimating scour by providing a decision framework that future practitioners can use to compute scour potential within a riverine environment. This methodology was developed through a partnership with the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Hydrologic Engineering Center, and St. Paul District in support of the Lower American River Contract 3 project in Sacramento, CA.


2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 292.2-293
Author(s):  
S. Battista ◽  
M. Manoni ◽  
A. Dell’isola ◽  
M. Englund ◽  
A. Palese ◽  
...  

Background:The care process is often a complex and intimate process experienced by patients. Osteoarthritis (OA) care is usually characterised by multimodal interventions that consider the broader array of symptoms and functional limitations and often require a high level of patients’ compliance. Despite efforts to improve the quality of care of patients suffering from OA, and the publication of state-of-the-art clinical practice guidelines [1], the quality of the care process, as experienced by patients, seems to be suboptimal [2]. Hence, it is essential to investigate how patients experience this process to highlight potential elements that can enhance or spoil it to optimise the care quality.Objectives:To explore the patients’ experience of the received OA care process.Methods:Qualitative study, 10 semi-structured interviews were performed. The interview guide was created by a pool of healthcare professionals (physiotherapists, psychologists, nurses) and expert patients. It investigated the emotional experience, beliefs, expectations, perceived barriers and facilitators towards conservative treatments perceived by patients suffering from OA. The interviews lasted approximately one hour, were transcribed verbatim and analysed independently by two authors, who labelled their core parts to find categories and subcategories. A theme-based analysis was performed following an ecological paradigm, naturalistic epistemology, philosophy of phenomenological research.Results:Our analysis revealed 7 main categories with several subcategories (Fig. 1). 1) Uncertainty as some patients perceived treatment choice not to be based on medical evidence “there is an almost religious way of thinking on how to deal with the pathology. It is not an exact science when you choose the physicians you choose the treatment”. 2) Relationship with the self and the others as some patients did not feel understood or even shameful and hopeless about their condition. 3) Patients’ and Health Professionals’ beliefs about the pathology management where common thoughts were the perceived (ab)use of passive therapies, the movement as something dangerous and that OA is “something that you try to resist to, but (surgery) is your destiny”. 4) facilitators and 5) barriers of the adherence to therapeutic exercise that revolve around the cost of the therapy, the time needed and the willingness to change life habits. 6) Patients’ attitudes towards pathology in which the oldest patients perceive OA as “something I have to accept since I am getting old” and the youngest as “Something I have to fight”. 7) Relationship with food in which diet is seen as something that “you force yourself to follow” which is useful only to lose weight and not to preserve a high health status and where overeating is used “to eat your feelings”.Figure 1.Categories and Subcategories stemmed from the analysis of the patients’ interviewsConclusion:Patients suffering from hip and knee OA seem to experience an uncertain care process. The lack of clear explanations and the attitude towards conservative treatment, which is considered as “a pastime while waiting for surgery,” fosters the importance of providing patients with adequate information about the treatment, to shift their beliefs and improve their awareness. This will enhance a patient-centred and shared decision-making treatments.References:[1]Fernandes L, Hagen KB, Bijlsma JWJ, et al. EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological core management of hip and knee osteoarthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2013;72:1125–35.[2]Basedow M, Esterman A. Assessing appropriateness of osteoarthritis care using quality indicators: a systematic review. J Eval Clin Pract 2015;21:782–9.Acknowledgements:This work is part of the project funded by EULAR Health Professionals Research Grant 2020.Disclosure of Interests:None declared


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