scholarly journals Childhood adversity and subsequent mental health status in adulthood: screening for associations using two linked surveys

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Patten ◽  
T. C. R. Wilkes ◽  
J. V. A. Williams ◽  
D. H. Lavorato ◽  
N. el-Guebaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Childhood Adversities

Aims.Accumulating evidence links childhood adversity to negative health outcomes in adulthood. However, most of the available evidence is retrospective and subject to recall bias. Published reports have sometimes focused on specific childhood exposures (e.g. abuse) and/or specific outcomes (e.g. major depression). Other studies have linked childhood adversity to a large and diverse number of adult risk factors and health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease. To advance this literature, we undertook a broad examination of data from two linked surveys. The goal was to avoid retrospective distortion and to provide a descriptive overview of patterns of association.Methods.A baseline interview for the Canadian National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth collected information about childhood adversities affecting children aged 0–11 in 1994. The sampling procedures employed in a subsequent study called the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) made it possible to link n = 1977 of these respondents to follow-up data collected later when respondents were between the ages of 14 and 27. Outcomes included major depressive episodes (MDE), some risk factors and educational attainment. Cross-tabulations were used to examine these associations and adjusted estimates were made using the regression models. As the NPHS was a longitudinal study with multiple interviews, for most analyses generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used. As there were multiple exposures and outcomes, a statistical procedure to control the false discovery rate (Benjamini–Hochberg) was employed.Results.Childhood adversities were consistently associated with a cluster of potentially related outcomes: MDE, psychotropic medication use and smoking. These outcomes may be related to one another since psychotropic medications are used in the treatment of major depression, and smoking is strongly associated with major depression. However, no consistent associations were observed for other outcomes examined: physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, binge drinking or educational attainment.Conclusions.The conditions found to be the most strongly associated with childhood adversities were a cluster of outcomes that potentially share pathophysiological connections. Although prior literature has suggested that a very large number of adult outcomes, including physical inactivity and alcohol-related outcomes follow childhood adversity, this analysis suggests a degree of specificity with outcomes potentially related to depression. Some of the other reported adverse outcomes (e.g. those related to alcohol use, physical inactivity or more distal outcomes such as obesity and cardiovascular disease) may emerge later in life and in some cases may be secondary to depression, psychotropic medication use and smoking.

scholarly journals Retrospective and prospectively assessed childhood adversity in association with major depression, alcohol consumption and painful conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Patten ◽  
T. C. R. Wilkes ◽  
J. V. A. Williams ◽  
D. H. Lavorato ◽  
N. el-Guebaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Method Of Assessment

Background.Considerable evidence now links childhood adversity to a variety of adult health problems. Unfortunately, almost all of these studies have relied upon retrospective assessment of childhood events, creating a vulnerability to bias. In this study, we sought to examine three associations using data sources that allowed for both prospective and retrospective assessment of childhood events.Methods.Methods. A 1994 national survey of children between the ages of 0 and 11 collected data from a ‘person most knowledgeable’ (usually the mother) about a child. It was possible to link data for n = 1977 of these respondents to data collected from the same people in a subsequent adult study. The latter survey included retrospective reports of childhood adversity. We examined three adult health outcomes in relation to prospectively and retrospectively assessed childhood adversity: major depressive episodes, excessive alcohol consumption and painful conditions.Results.Results. A strong association between childhood adversities (as assessed by both retrospective and prospective methods) and major depression was identified although the association with retrospective assessment was stronger. Weaker associations were found for painful conditions, but these did not depend on the method of assessment. Associations were not found for excessive alcohol consumption irrespective of the method of assessment.Conclusions.These findings help to allay concerns that associations between childhood adversities and health outcomes during adulthood are merely artefacts of recall bias. In this study, retrospective and prospective assessment strategies produced similar results.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric profile and psychotropic medication use in adults with autism spectrum disorder: results from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Adults with Autism

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael C. Cvejic ◽  
Samuel R. C. Arnold ◽  
Kitty-Rose Foley ◽  
Julian N. Trollor
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Adults With Asd

BackgroundChildren and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are a highly medicated group. Few studies have examined the neuropsychiatric profile and patterns of psychotropic medication use among adults with ASD.AimsTo describe and compare the neuropsychiatric profile and psychotropic medication use in a cohort of adults with ASD and non-autistic controls.MethodBaseline data from a survey-based, longitudinal study of adults with ASD in Australia. Participants were 188 adults with ASD and 115 controls aged 25–80 years.ResultsASD was associated with increased odds of psychotropic medication use even when controlling for the presence of any neurological or psychiatric disorder. There were no corresponding indications for 14.4% of psychotropic medications prescribed to adults with ASD.ConclusionsThis study found substantial psychotropic prescribing for adults with ASD. Patterns of psychotropic medication use may reflect prescribing for behavioural indications despite limited evidence to support this practice.Declaration of interestNone.

Abstract 14434: Identification and Predictors for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Equivalents Among Adults With Diabetes Mellitus

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanglu Zhao ◽  
Shaista Malik ◽  
Matthew J Budoff ◽  
Adolfo Correa ◽  
Kellan E Ashley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Hba1c Control ◽  
Event Rates ◽  
Risk Equivalent

Background: It is not well quantified if diabetes mellitus (DM) as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk equivalent depends on DM severity and other CVD risk factors. Methods: We pooled 4 US community-based cohorts (ARIC, JHS, MESA, FHS Offspring) and classified subjects by baseline DM/CVD status. DM+/CVD- was further classified by DM duration, HbA1c control or DM medication. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated for CVD during a median follow-up of 14 years. Subgroup analysis comparing the HR of DM+/CVD- vs. DM-/CVD+ was done by CVD risk factors. We integrated all factors that impacted DM-conferred CVD risk and defined one with DM+/CVD- as CVD risk equivalent when his/her CVD risk was as high or higher than that if he/she had DM-/CVD+. CVD risk profile and event risk were compared between the CVD risk equivalent subgroups in DM+/CVD-. Results: The pooled cohort included 27,732 adults (mean age of 58 years, 45% males). CVD event rates per 1000 P-Y were 16.3, 33.3, 40.9 and 69.0 among those with DM-/CVD-, DM+/CVD-, DM-/CVD+ and DM+/CVD+, respectively. DM participants with HbA1c≥7%, DM duration over 10 years, or DM medication use had similar CVD risk as those with DM-/CVD+ while those without these factors had lower CVD risk; DM+/CVD- had similar CVD risk as those DM-/CVD+ among women, age <55 years, White race, or high triglyceride groups (Figure). Among those with DM+/CVD-, 17.5% were found to be CVD risk equivalents. Compared to those non-CVD risk equivalent DM, they had lower 10-year PCE scores (14.8% vs. 22.7%, p<0.0001) however higher actual CVD event rates (44.9 vs. 31.0 per 1000 P-Y). Conclusion: Among CVD-free adults with DM, fewer than 20% are actually CVD risk equivalents. Poor HbA1c control, long DM duration, and current diabetes medication use were identified as predictors of CVD risk equivalent status and DM was more detrimental for CVD risk if one is female, younger age, White, or with high triglycerides. These risk enhancing factors should be considered in the treatment decision.

Abstract P470: Heterogeneity In Prevalence Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Hispanic Ethnic Groups: Evidence From The 2010-2018 National Health Interview Survey

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Elias ◽  
Ruth-alma N Turkson-ocran ◽  
Binu Koirala ◽  
Samuel Byiringiro ◽  
Hailey Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Hispanic Adults ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups

Introduction: Persons of Hispanic origin are a growing share of the U.S. population but include diverse ethnic groups with unique cultures, lifestyles, exposures, and countries of origin. Hispanics are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in comparison to non-Hispanics. However, few studies have examined the heterogeneity in their burden of CVD risk. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that there would be significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of CVD risk factors among ethnic subgroups of Hispanic adults. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design to examine the prevalence of CVD risk factors, defined per national guidelines, among Hispanic adults in the 2010-2018 National Health Interview Surveys. Generalized linear models using Poisson distribution were fitted to obtain adjusted predicted probabilities and risk of self-reported hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, and current smoking by Hispanic ethnic subgroup. Results: We included 185,511 participants with mean(±sd) age 31(0.2) years and 50% male. Most were Mexican (65.1%) whereas, few were Dominican (3.0%). Prevalence of hypertension (28.4%), diabetes (12.9%), high cholesterol (25.0%), and current smoking (6.1%) was highest among Puerto Ricans. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was highest among Mexicans (74.5%) and physical inactivity was highest among Dominicans (62.3%). Compared to Mexicans, Central Americans were less likely to smoke and have hypertension, overweight/obesity, and diabetes (ps<0.05). ( Table ) Conclusion: We observed striking heterogeneity in the prevalence of CVD risk factors across Hispanic ethnic subgroups, especially for diabetes, physical inactivity, and smoking. These results suggest that aggregating data on Hispanics may mask differences in CVD risk and hinder efforts to reduce health disparities in this population. Our findings provide actionable information on CVD risk factors for specific Hispanic ethnic subgroups.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Risk Factors and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inhwan Lee ◽  
Shinuk Kim ◽  
Hyunsik Kang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
Cvd Mortality

This study examined the association between lifestyle risk factors and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in 9945 Korea adults (56% women) aged 45 years and older. Smoking, heavy alcohol intake, underweight or obesity, physical inactivity, and unintentional weight loss (UWL) were included as risk factors. During 9.6 ± 2.0 years of follow-up, there were a total of 1530 cases of death from all causes, of which 365 cases were from CVD. Compared to a zero risk factor (hazard ratio, HR = 1), the crude HR of all-cause mortality was 1.864 (95% CI, 1.509–2.303) for one risk factor, 2.487 (95% confidence interval, CI, 2.013–3.072) for two risk factors, and 3.524 (95% CI, 2.803–4.432) for three or more risk factors. Compared to a zero risk factor (HR = 1), the crude HR of CVD mortality was 2.566 (95% CI, 1.550–4.250) for one risk factor, 3.655 (95% CI, 2.211–6.043) for two risk factor, and 5.416 (95% CI, 3.185–9.208) for three or more risk factors. The HRs for all-cause and CVD mortality remained significant even after adjustments for measured covariates. The current findings showed that five lifestyle risk factors, including smoking, at-risk alcohol consumption, underweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and UWL, were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in Korean adults.

scholarly journals Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Tangail, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1838
Author(s):  
Masuder Rahman ◽  
Sakila Akter ◽  
Fatama Tous Zohora ◽  
Abu Zaffar Shibly
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a major public health problem throughout the world. In Bangladesh, the reliable data concerning various aspects of CVD is inadequate at present due to lack of national population-based surveys or central administrative health data. Given the rising incidence of CVDs in Bangladesh, an improved understanding of the CVD, symptoms and risk factors is needed. Hence, this study was performed to assess the level of knowledge towards CVD types, warning symptoms of heart attack or stroke, and CVD risk factors.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 2018 to June 2018 using standard questionnaire on a sample of 350 randomly selected Bangladeshi individuals. All the data of the study were input in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0 software from IBM for windows and the gathered data thus analyzed using SPSS & Microsoft Excel.Results: The respondents’ knowledge about types of CVD, symptom heart attack, symptom of stroke and the risk factors of CVD are 38.9%, 67.7%, 35.7%, and 92.9% respectively. The most common risk factors of CVD found to be known by around than two-third of respondents were unhealthy diet (66.9%), physical inactivity (64.3), obesity (61.4%), and smoking (58.6%).Conclusions: The respondents’ knowledge about types of CVD, symptom heart attack, symptom of stroke and the risk factors of CVD are 38.9%, 67.7%, 35.7%, and 92.9% respectively. The most common risk factors of CVD found to be known by around than two-third of respondents were unhealthy diet (66.9%), physical inactivity (64.3), obesity (61.4%), and smoking (58.6%).

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