Photographic procedures

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 336-341
Author(s):  
Rodney M. Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
High Quality ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Normal Spectrum

Preparation of appropriate photographs is absolutely essential in conveying paleontological information. The effort expended in adequate cleaning and preparation of specimens is not only reflected in exposing the detail of material so that it can be properly described but also in permitting the morphologic information to be transmitted to others through photography. Therefore the purpose of this chapter is to describe the general procedures involved in preparing high quality, publishable photographs because special techniques related to photography of microfossils will be treated elsewhere, the emphasis within this chapter will be upon photography of macrofossils, specimens large enough to be photographed using a normal spectrum of photographic lenses and extension tubes. Because nearly all paleontological material is illustrated as black and white photographs, no reference will be made to the preparation of color illustrations.

THE LIVE WEIGHT GROWTH OF BULLS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
A. V. Dymchuk ◽  
O. I. Lyubynskyy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Born ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Weight Growth

The studies of the dynamics results of body weight, absolute and daily average, relative increases averaging bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white and Ukrainian red-and-white dairy cattle. Researches are conducted in the conditions of POSP «Napadivske» Kalyinivka district of the Vinnytsya area after materials of primary pedigree account. In an economy use the whole-year of the same type feeding. In the structure of ration 40% make the concentrated sterns and also high-quality silage and soilage. Average daily increases of bulls for period of age to realization for a slaughter made over 1000 grammes. The dynamics of growth of living mass, absolute, average daily and relative increases of bulls, is analysed Ukrainian black-and-white and Ukrainian red-and-white dairy cattle. Living mass and weight gain researches of age to 12-monthly age with an interval in 3 months after the generally accepted methods. Materials of researches are worked out the methods of mathematical statistics with the use of programmatic package of Statistica 8.0. Living mass of bulls of the second group at birth made 36,3 kg, that anymore on 0,8 kg by comparison to new-born bulls of the first group. In all next periods living mass of animals of the second group was greater as compared to the animals of the same age of the first. In 3 months advantage made 1,7 kg, in 6 months – 4,6 kg (P>0,95), in 9 months – 8,8 kg (P>0,95), in 12 months – 12,5 kg (P>0,99). Difference of absolute increases of bulls of the second group above the bulls of the same age of the first of age to to 3-monthly age made 0,8 kg in behalf of animals of the second group. In a period 3-6 months a difference is after this index between the first and second groups made 2,9 kg in behalf of the last. In periods 6-9 and reliable advantage of animals of the second group is 9-12 months set above the bulls of the same age of the first on 4,1 kg (P>0,95) and 3,7 kg (P>0,95) accordingly. In a period of age to 18-monthly age absolute increases of bulls of the second group were greater by comparison to bulls first on 12,5 kg (R>0,99). Average daily increases of bulls of the second group of age to 3-monthly age made 763,0 grammes, that anymore on 8,9 grammes by comparison to bulls of the first group. In periods 3-6 months the average daily increases of animals of the second group prevailed the bulls of the same age of the first on 32,6 grammes. In a period 6-9 months the average daily increases of animals of the second group were made by 1045,9 grammes, that for certain anymore on 45,9 grammes (P>0,95) by comparison to the bulls of the same age of the first. Maximal increases of bulls were in a period 9-12 months and made 1210,4 grammes in the animals of the second group and 1168,9 grammes – for the bulls of the same age of the first, that for certain anymore on 41,5 grammes (P>0,95). In a period of age to 12-monthly age the average daily increases of bulls of the second group were made by 970,6 grammes, that was for certain anymore on 31,8 grammes (R>0,99) by comparison to the bulls of the same age of the first group. Relative increases of bulls of both groups were high. From birth to 3-monthly age greater increases had bulls of the first group – 97,8%, and in periods 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 months greater were increases of bulls of the same age of the second group – 56,4; 40,1 and 32,4% accordingly. For all probed periods of reliable advantage it is not discovered between the compared groups. It is set researches, that at the identical terms of feeding and maintenance more rapid bulls grow Ukrainian red-and-white dairy cattle. In all age-old periods they prevailed the bulls of the same age of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cattle, in a that number, beginning from 9-monthly age, advantage was reliable (P>0,95–0,99). Average daily increases of bulls of two breeds were the least in a period of age to to 3-monthly age – 754,1-763,0 grammes, and most in a period 9-12 months – 1168,9–1210,4 grammes.

scholarly journals Diet and Activity Budget in Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii at Nabugabo, Uganda: Are They Energy Maximizers?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
T. Jean M. Arseneau-Robar ◽  
Amtul H. Changasi ◽  
Evan Turner ◽  
Julie A. Teichroeb
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Activity Budget ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Colobus Angolensis

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Colobine monkeys are specialized folivores that use foregut fermentation to digest leaves. The slow process of fermentation forces them to spend a lot of time resting and to minimize their energy expenditure to subsist on a lower-quality diet. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We recorded the diet and activity budget of <i>Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii</i>, which form a three-tiered multi-level society, at Lake Nabugabo, Uganda, over 12 months using scan sampling on adults and subadults, to determine whether they utilize the energy minimization strategy typical of colobines. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found that the annual diet was primarily comprised of high-quality food resources (young leaves 65% and fruit 31%), and fruits were the only plant part the monkeys<i></i>selected when available. Both the fruits and young leaves of some species were preferred food items in some months, and mature leaf consumption correlated negatively with preferred food availability. Mature leaves appear to be a fallback food for this population but are rarely relied upon (3%). The <i>C. a. ruwenzorii</i>at Nabugabo spent less time resting (40%) and more time moving (25%) than is typical for other species of black-and-white colobus. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The high-quality diet of this population appears to allow them to utilize an energy maximization strategy. Their reliance on food items that tend to be clumped in space and time likely explains the frequent fission-fusion behaviour that we observe between core units. Our findings demonstrate that the foraging strategies of colobines may be more flexible than was previously thought and illustrate how food availability and distribution can impact primate social organization.

Neonatal care and neonatal problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 461-474
Author(s):  
Vimal Vasu ◽  
Neena Modi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Healthy Baby ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Neonatal Problems

The birth of a healthy baby is a cardinal pregnancy outcome, and one that is best brought about by midwifery, obstetric, and neonatal teams working in partnership with the expectant mother. The last decades have seen considerable improvement in the management of high-risk pregnancies and this has resulted in better condition of the infant at birth, thus optimizing chances for intact survival. Very often, decisions that need to be made are not black and white, such as the timing of preterm delivery when the health of the mother must be weighed against the risks for the infant. This chapter aims to provide an overview for obstetricians of the basic principles of newborn management, and wider aspects such as the organization of services, evaluating practice, and reducing uncertainties, that are also integral to high-quality care.

scholarly journals Inequities in Access to High-Quality Home Health Agencies Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities With and Without Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 330-330
Author(s):  
Bei Wu ◽  
Abraham Brody ◽  
Chenjuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Home Health ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Home Health Agencies ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
To Receive

Abstract There are rising concerns of inequities in access to high-quality home health agencies (HHA). Using multiple national data sources that included 574,682 individuals from 8,634 HHA, we examined access to high-quality HHA care among racial and ethnic minorities with and without dementia. Approximately 9.9% of the individuals were Black, 6.2% Hispanic, and 3.3% other race/ethnicity. Over one-third (36.3%) had been diagnosed with dementia. Black and Hispanic individuals were 5.5 percentage points (95% CI, 5.2% - 5.9%) and 7.4 percentage points (95% CI, 7.0% - 7.8%) respectively more likely to receive care from agencies defined as having low-quality compared to White counterparts. Persons living with dementia were 1.3% less likely to receive care from high-quality agencies. Having dementia increased the inequity in accessing high-quality HHA between Black and White individuals. Racial and ethnic minorities, particularly those with dementia were at a disadvantaged position to receive care from high-quality HHA.

scholarly journals Effect of cows lineage on milk and butter composition in black-motley cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00147
Author(s):  
V Babushkin ◽  
A Negreeva ◽  
A Gagloev
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Ideal Line

The paper presents the results of the study into the composition and properties of milk in black and- white dairy cows improved using black-and-white Holsteins of different lines. It has been found that cows of the Vis Ideal line produce milk with a high casein and phosphorus content, cows of the Poseidon line give milk with a high content of whey proteins, and cows of the Annas Adema line produce milk with a high lactose and calcium content. Milk from cows of the Vis Ideal line is most suitable for the production of high-quality dairy products such as butter and cheese. Usinng the milk of cows of the VIs Ideal line is better for the production of high-quality dairy products. The milk of all the analyzed genotypes is suitable for the production of high-quality sweet cream butter, but the most qualitative product is obtained when using the milk of cows of black-and-white improved cattle of the Vis Ideal line.

scholarly journals Evolution of breeding process for reproduction of domestic producing bulls in the Republic of Belarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-471
Author(s):  
N. V. Kazarovets ◽  
I. P. Sheyko ◽  
T. V. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Social ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Republic

The leading element in breeding programs for breeding and improving the breeds of dairy cattle in highly developed countries is reproduction of high-quality producing bulls. The paper presents the results of producing bulls breeding when creating Belarusian black-and-white breed of dairy cattle, techniques and methods of obtaining improving bulls when improving the Holsteinized dairy cattle of the republic at the present stage. It is shown that historically evolution of the breeding process of reproduction of domestic black-and-white bulls is based on imported breeding material from different countries (bulls, semen, heifers). Analysis of solution to the problem of using imported animals is presented. Periods of creating a breeding base for reproduction of imported material have been determined, methodological approaches and possibilities of breeding domestic producing bulls in the republic have been specified. Efficiency of breeding business for introduction of modern methods and techniques for assessing and reproduction of high quality breeding animals has been revealed. The periods of breeding process for reproduction of domestic producing bulls have been chronologically distinguished, including three stages: the first 1930-1990, the second 1990-2000, the third 2000 to the present. Substantiation of these time stages is based on the results of breeding activities carried out by scientists and breeders of the republic, and the social and economic conditions of those periods. Analysis of the created breeding base for reproduction of imported material has been carried out, including both breeding stock of breeding plants for parental forms breeding, as well as state breeding enterprises for rearing, evaluating and using the producing bulls. Normative legal documents developed by specialists of state services, scientists of the Belarusian Research Institute for Animal Breeding for the scheduled formation of the breeding base of dairy cattle in the republic have been indicated. The research results will make it possible to develop a concept for reproduction of highly valuable domestic improving bulls in terms of breeding for formation of Belarusian Holstein dairy cattle meeting modern production technology requirements in the context of intensification of the industry based on increase in the role of genetic factors. 

Artists and patronage in late fourteenth-century Iran in the light of two catalogues of Islamic metalwork

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila S. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
The Sun ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lengthy Discussion

Islamic metalwork has in recent years been the subject of several important new publications. James W. Allan has written a lavishly illustrated guide to a recently acquired private collection whose pieces attest to the high quality of objects available to the discriminating collector. The 27 pieces span the variety of wares produced in the medieval Islamic world: bowls, ewers, candlesticks, inkwells, incense burners, and other objects produced in Egypt, Syria, the Jazira, Iran, and India from the tenth to the seventeenth century. Multiple photographs in both colour and black and white accompany a lengthy discussion of each piece. In the introduction the author offers a brief summary of the Islamic metalware tradition (its origins, expansion, and decline) and discusses the symbolism inherent in its decoration, particularly the imagery of light and darkness and the sun.

A single-cell high-quality black and white ST liquid-crystal display

1989 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matsumoto ◽  
H. Hatoh ◽  
A. Murayama ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
S. Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Black And White

scholarly journals Labour productivity of dairy cattle farming in Central and Southeast Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
K. Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Work Unit ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Cattle Farming ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cattle Farms

A study was conducted on labour productivity in dairy cattle farms that breed Black-and-White cows. The study encompassed 90 farms, thus including 6471 cows. The farms were divided into four groups: small – 8 farms with an average of 3.6 cows; medium – 32 farms with an average of 22.9 cows; large – 32 farms with an average of 74.2 cows; and huge – 18 farms with 185.3 cows per farms. The results of the study indicated that large and huge farms are distinguished by high labour productivity. The income from production, profit, milk quantities, and the cost of one annual work unit (AWU) and a man-hour were several times higher compared to small and medium farms. Production was organised at a much better technological level, which was a contributing factor towards high-quality and competitive milk production. A recommendation to the small and medium farms would be to grow larger, improve their selection, and develop technologically.

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