Attitudes toward Immigrants, Beliefs about Causes of Poverty and Effects of Perspective-Taking

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Buraschi ◽  
Antonio Bustillos ◽  
Carmen Huici
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Central Element ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Modern Racism ◽  
Slope Test ◽  
Simple Slope ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Modern Racism Scale ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe present work presents three studies that investigate the relationship between causal attributions of poverty in Africa, attitudes towards African immigrants and perspective-taking. The objective of preliminary study (N = 54) was to collect information to adapt the Perceived Causes of Third World Poverty Scale (Hine & Montiel, 1999), in the Spanish adaptation by Betancor et al. (2002) to Spanish adolescents. The Study 1 (N = 102) explores the factorial structure of the teenager questionnaire adaptation and to test the relationship with Modern Racism Scale (McConahay, 1986). Correlational analysis reflects the existence of a central element in the new forms of racism: Victim blaming through Personal Attributions of Poverty. The objective of Study 2 (N = 62) was to determine whether empathic induction through empathic perspective-taking (Batson et al., 1997) can ameliorate the individual’s attributions of poverty concerning African immigrants among majority group members. However, the opposite effect was found, empathy induction increased Personal Attributions of poverty (η2 = .10). This effect was moderated by Modern Racism, simple slope test indicates t(52) = 2.49, p < .01, higher prejudiced participants increased Personal Attribution of poverty after empathic induction, blaming the victims for their situation.

scholarly journals Two Sides of the Same Coin: The Relationship Between Modern Racism and Rape Blaming Attitudes among Swedish Students and Community Members

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412097815
Author(s):  
Mattias Sjöberg ◽  
Farhan Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Rape Victim ◽  
Victim Blame ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Modern Racism ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Modern Racism Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perpetrator Blame

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between modern racism and rape victim and perpetrator blame, and rape perception. Participants from both a community population ( n = 211) and a student population ( n = 200) read a rape vignette and provided their judgements of blame towards a victim and perpetrator, their perception of the event as rape, and later answered the modern racism scale. Results showed a significant positive relationship between modern racism and rape victim blame ( r = .35, R2 [Formula: see text] 100 = 12.1%), while modern racism had a significant negative relationship with perpetrator blame ( r = −.27, R2 [Formula: see text] 100 = 7.5%) and rape perception ( r = −.29, R2 [Formula: see text] 100 = 8.7%). Implications for the criminal justice system as well as suggestions for future research were discussed.

scholarly journals Language Use in Group Discourse and Its Relationship to Group Processes

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402110018
Author(s):  
Lyn M. Van Swol ◽  
Paul Hangsan Ahn ◽  
Andrew Prahl ◽  
Zhenxing Gong
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Input Process ◽  
Process Output ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined the relationship between language use and perception of group processes. In an experiment, participants discussed their views about climate change in a group chat. Afterward, participants ( n = 239) filled out their perception of themselves and group processes. Participants who perceived more similarity among group members used less complex language (cognitive processes language) and more assenting language. As participants felt more knowledgeable and credible about the topic, their use of “we” pronouns and word count increased and use of “I” pronouns decreased. Replicating past research, participants with more extreme opinions used more “you” pronouns, and participants who reported engaging in more perspective-taking used more complex language and “we” pronouns. Results are integrated within an input–process–output model of group processes and suggest that language is reflective of individual inputs and perception of group processes.

scholarly journals Canadian Citizens’ Helping Intentions toward Syrian Refugees

Spectrum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnoor Khan ◽  
Leah Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Syrian Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract  Since 2011, over 5 million refugees have fled civil war in Syria (UNHCR, 2018). Canada has responded tothe Syrian refugee crisis by resettling over 50,000 Syrian refugees and encouraging its citizens to supportthe integration process. Previous research has shown that when in-group members take the perspectiveof an out-group it leads to increased helping intentions toward that out-group (Mashuri, Hasanah,Rahmawati, 2013). To replicate and extend these findings in a Canadian context, the current study soughtto answer the question: How does national identity impact the relationship between perspective taking andhelping intentions toward Syrian refugees? The results indicated that when undergraduate participantsengaged in perspective taking, it led to increased financial helping intentions toward Syrian refugees,and this relationship was mediated by empathy. It was also found that individuals with a greater ethnicnational identity had lower levels of political and financial helping intentions toward Syrian refugees.  Keywords: Syrian Refugees, Immigrants, Newcomers, Canada, National Identity, Ethnic National Identity, Perspective Taking, Empathy, Helping Intentions

Meeting of minds: Narratives as a tool to reduce prejudice toward stigmatized group members

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843022110127
Author(s):  
Nuri Kim ◽  
Cuimin Lim
Keyword(s):  
Social Presence ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
First Person ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Narrative Perspective ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Perceived Social Presence ◽  
Group Members

This study investigates a mechanism of mediated intergroup contact effects that occurs through experiencing social presence of a stigmatized outgroup character. Conceiving narrative texts as a context for mediated intergroup contact, we experimentally test ( N = 505) the effects of narrative perspective (first vs. third person) and the photograph of the outgroup protagonist (present vs. absent) on perceived social presence of the outgroup character. We further test whether experiencing the outgroup protagonist as socially present affects intergroup outcomes (i.e., perspective-taking, intergroup anxiety, outgroup knowledge, and outgroup attitudes). Findings indicate that first-person narratives are more effective than third-person narratives in inducing social presence of the stigmatized outgroup character; photos, unexpectedly, did not have such an effect. Social presence, in turn, plays a key role in facilitating positive intergroup outcomes from reading online narrative texts. The implications of our findings are discussed.

Les facteurs d’aide : Pour une meilleure compréhension des éléments-clés de l’intervention en contexte de nature et d’aventure

Groupwork ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Virginie Gargano
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
Travail Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Interpersonal Learning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Connaissance De Soi ◽  
Primary Family

Les programmes d’intervention en contexte de nature et d’aventure (INA) font l’objet d’études depuis plus d’une cinquantaine d’années. Malgré la reconnaissance des effets qui leur sont attribués, peu de travaux portent sur les processus s’opérant dans ces interventions. L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier ces processus et de mieux comprendre leur influence sur l’expérience de groupe. Pour ce faire, le modèle des facteurs d’aide (FA) a été retenu. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de 23 sujets âgés de 17 à 21 ans ayant participé à une expédition de 18 jours. Les éléments-clés de l’INA sont les suivants : la multitude de défis, la déstabilisation, la relation entre les enseignants et les participants et le milieu naturel. Ensuite, leur relation avec les FA est mise en relief. Il est question de : l’altruisme, les comportements d’imitation, la cohésion, la connaissance de soi, le partage d’information, l’universalité et les techniques de socialisation. Les apprentissages interpersonnels, la catharsis, l’espoir, les facteurs existentiels et la récapitulation corrective de la famille sont absents. Ces résultats mettent en lumière l’interaction entre les éléments-clés de l’INA et les FA, et la pertinence de s’y intéresser en travail social de groupe.A number of studies have addressed outdoor and adventure programs over the past fifty years. Despite empirical evidence that demonstrates the personal benefits of these programs, research investigating the key features responsible for these effects is scarce. The purpose of this article is to identify them and understand their influence. In order to achieve this goal, the data were examined from the perspective of helping factors (HFs). Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 23 subjects aged between 17 and 21 who had participated in an 18 day expedition. The results show that participation in the program promoted key features: multiple challenges, the experience of destabilization, the relationship between the facilitators and group members and finally, the experience of being in wilderness. Then, relationships between key features and HFs are highlighted. Many of them are found: altruism, imitative behavior, cohesiveness, self-understanding, imparting information, development of socializing techniques, and universality. Interpersonal learning, catharsis, hope, existential factors, and corrective recapitulation of the primary family group are absent. These results give a better understanding of how key features interact with HFs in nature and adventure settings and its relevance in social work with groups.

scholarly journals Virginia Woolf’s Representation of Women: A Feminist Reading of “The Legacy”

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Hussien AlGweirien
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Women's Identity ◽  
Feminist Perspectives ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Over the centuries women have been struggling to gain recognition, calling their independent voice to be heard in patriarchal and racist societies. As they follow the standards and the values of their societies, women tend to break the stereotypical and submissive images that degrade their position in their societies. Thus, this paper will scrutinize thoroughly women’s intellectual ability from a Gynocriticism perspective taking Virginia Woolf’s short story “The Legacy” (published posthously in 1944) as an example. The present paper provides an analytical view of the four models of gynocriticism; i.e., biological, linguistic, cultural, and psychological. It also attempts to shed light on some common feminist themes such as the theme of marriage and how oppressed marriage motivates male dominance. The paper addresses the relationship between wife and husband in terms of gender inequality and women’s identity. It also tackles women’s trapped position as distinct from the liberty of men and oppressed by husband in an unhappy marriage. It relies heavily not only on feminist perspectives as gynocriticism, gender inequality, and the theme of marriage; but also on the authors’ personal life. The paper concludes that being unable to speak their voice freely, women view writing as their salvation for their voice to be heard.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document