scholarly journals Twinship as a Resource: Zygosity- and Gender-Based Comparison of Twins’ Attitudes Toward Twinship

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Hegedűs ◽  
András Pári ◽  
Zsófia Drjenovszky ◽  
Hanna Kónya
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adult Twins

Aiming to perform the first sociological survey of Hungarian twins, our main question was whether being a twin has positive consequences on one's life. Adult twins completed our questionnaire at three Hungarian summer twin festivals, in hospitals during medical twin studies, and on some websites online. Data represent 140 twin pairs (mean age: 38.2 ± 14.6 years). We employed some indices for measuring the resource nature of twinship. Three main types of benefits were distinguished: profit of attraction, as ‘material capital’; the easier obtainability of cultural goods when twins take part in it, as ‘cultural capital’; and positive aspects of an a priori existing dyadic relation, as ‘relational capital’. We were interested in the difference among types of twins regarding advantages. We paid special attention to the five groups of twins derived from gender and zygosity (i.e., monozygotic females, monozygotic males, dizygotic females, dizygotic males, opposite-sex pairs). Our analysis showed that Hungarian twins involved in our research basically enjoy their twinship; during their lives they used and still make use of different benefits given by it. In our twin samples, women had more advantages from being a twin than men. Significant differences could be observed on all indicators between monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

scholarly journals Adolescencia, noviazgo y violencia de género: miradas desde el espacio escolar en Teocelo, Veracruz

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-87
Author(s):  
Margarita Alarcón Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Gender Violence ◽  
Psychological Suffering ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
School Space

En este ensayo se explica en qué consisten los conceptos género, adolescencia y violencia y cómo se vinculan entre sí. Resulta complejo estudiar la violencia de género durante el noviazgo y específicamente en esta etapa de la vida, motivo por el cual explicaré el enfoque de género y su finalidad, entendiendo esta categoría en su relación con el noviazgo entre los adolescentes, quienes evidencian las prácticas aprendidas, que “deben” llevar a cabo: como dejar de tener amigos del sexo opuesto porque la pareja se puede molestar, lo cual nos lleva a la violencia en el noviazgo, esto es, de acuerdo con Pereira (2012, pp. 55-56), cualquier acción o conducta basada en el género que cause muerte, daño o sufrimiento físico, sexual o psicológico a la mujer o el hombre a través de mecanismos de violencia, físicos y/o psicológicos.Palabras clave: Género, Noviazgo, Adolescencia, Violencia Adolescence, dating and gender violence: looks from the school space in Teocelo, VeracruzSummaryThis essay explains what the concepts of gender, adolescence and violence consist of and how they are linked together. It is complex to study gender violence during dating and specifically at this stage of life, which is why I will explain the gender approach and its purpose, understanding this category in its relationship with dating between adolescents, who evidence the practices learned, which they "must" carry out like stopping meeting friends of the opposite sex because the couple can get annoyed, which leads to violence in dating, that is, according to Pereira (2012, pp. 55-56 ), any gender-based action or conduct that causes death, harm or physical, sexual or psychological suffering to women or men through mechanisms of violence, physical and / or psychological.Keywords: Gender, Dating, Adolescence, Violence Adolescence, relation amoureuse et violence de genre : regards à partir l’espace scolaire à Teocelo, VeracruzRésuméDans cet essai on explique en quoi consistent les concepts genre, adolescence et violence et comment ils se lient parmi eux. Il résulte complexe d’étudier la violence de genre au cours de la relation amoureuse et spécifiquement dans cette étape de la vie, motif pour lequel j’expliquerai l’approche de genre et sa finalité en comprenant cette catégorie dans sa relation avec la relation amoureuse parmi les adolescents, qui mettent en évidence les pratiques apprises qui « doivent » mener à bien : ne plus avoir des amis du sexe opposé à cause de l’embarras du partenaire, ce qui nous mène à la violence dans la relation amoureuse, en d’autres mots, selon Pereira (2012, pp. 55-56), n’importe quelle action ou conduite basée dans le genre qui provoque mort, dégât ou souffrance physique, sexuelle ou psychologique envers la femme ou l’homme à travers des mécanismes de violence, physiques et/ou psychologiques.Mots clés: Genre, Relation amoureuse, Adolescence, Violence

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal pain and work absence – a 10 year follow-up study of Norwegian young adult twins

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild E. Ørstavik ◽  
Gun Peggy Knudsen ◽  
Kristian Tambs ◽  
Line C. Gjerde ◽  
Fartein Ask Torvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Recurrent Pain ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Adult Twins

<em>Background and aims:</em> Sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) are increasingly recognized as<br />major public problems. Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common diagnoses set by physicians<br />granting SA and DP. Results from recent twin studies have established that SA and DP are influenced<br />not only by environmental and social factors, but also moderately to substantially by genes. The aim of the<br />current study was to examine to what degree musculoskeletal complaints in young adults predict SA and<br />DP, including SA granted for other diagnoses. As the participants were twins, we were able to perform<br />within pair analyses, to see if the associations between musculoskeletal pain and later DP or SA were confounded<br />by unmeasured genetic and shared environmental factors.<br /><em>Materials and methods:</em> The Norwegian twin registry includes a questionnaire conducted in 1998. From<br />this, we included three measures of recurrent pain (lower back, neck/shoulders and muscular) as well as<br />symptoms of anxiety and depression (measured by the Symptom Checklist-5 (SCL-5)). The questionnaire<br />has been linked to highly reliable official registries on SA and DP, as well as a range of sociodemographic<br />variables, for a ten-year follow up period. We applied logistic (DP as dependent variable) and binomial<br />regression (SA as dependent variable) analyses to explore the relationship between musculoskeletal pain<br />and DP and SA. In the final models, we adjusted for sociodemographic factors and symptoms of anxiety<br />and depression. Differences between twins in a pair were explored by applying fixed effect models. All<br />analyses were conducted using STATA version 13.1.<br /><em>Results:</em> The final sample of 7,626 twins included 3,055 complete pairs (488 monozygotic (MZ) male, 349<br />dizygotic (DZ) male, 747 MZ female, 589 DZ female, and 882 opposite sex twin pairs) and 1,516 singletons.<br />By the end of follow up, 181 subjects (44 men and 137 women) received DP, and 63.7% of the sample<br />(47.4% of males and 76.0% of females) had at least one period of SA extending 16 days. Pain at any site<br />was significantly associated with DP in both sexes. Any increase in the number of pain sites reported was<br />associated with about a 60% increased risk for receiving DP (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.9), and the strength of<br />the association was only marginally reduced when adjusted for symptoms of mental disorders (1.4, 1.2-<br />1.7). In the within pair analyses the effect was no longer significant, indicating possible confounding from<br />genetic and shared environmental effects. As for all cause SA, musculoskeletal pain predicted SA independently<br />of all measured confounders, and the results remained significant in the within pair analyses (Incidence<br />Rate Ratio (IRR) 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.23).<br /><em>Conclusion:</em> In young adults, musculoskeletal pain strongly predicted SA and DP for a 10 year follow-up<br />period. Musculoskeletal pain was associated with higher levels of all cause SA, even within discordant MZ<br />twin pairs. Our results indicate that interventions to prevent musculoskeletal pain in young adults can<br />reduce levels of SA and DP.

Nonadditive Genetic Effects on Hostility in South Korean Adolescent and Young Adult Twins

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Mi Hur
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Korean Adolescent ◽  
Adult Twins ◽  
Hostility Scale

AbstractHostility has been shown to be a vulnerability marker for various health problems. The present study examined genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in hostility in South Korean adolescent and young adult twins. Seven hundred and nineteen same- and opposite-sex twin pairs aged from 13 to 23 years completed a hostility scale. The scalar sex-limitation model was applied to the data. The best fitting model indicated that 34% of the total variation of hostility was attributable to genetic factors operating in a nonadditive manner. The remaining 66% of the variance was associated with nonshared environmental influences and measurement error. These findings were largely consistent with results from previous twin studies of personality based on Caucasian twins, rendering support for the pervasive influence of genetic non-additivity on human personality traits and the generalization of the heritability of personality across human populations.

The Korean Twin Registry — Methods, Current Stage, and Interim Results

Twin Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joohon Sung ◽  
Soo-Hun Cho ◽  
Sung-Il Cho ◽  
David L. Duffy ◽  
Jin-Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Colorectal Cancers ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Health Insurance Data ◽  
Cancer Prevalence ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adult Twins ◽  
Insurance Data

AbstractThe Korean Twin Registry is the first nationwide twin study in Korea. We compiled 154,783 twin pairs from existing nationwide data sources, mainly from address and national health insurance data. The coverage of this registry was almost complete for the twins born since 1970, but less complete as age increased, so that there were only 990 pairs who were born before 1930. The twins' health examination (N = 54,390 persons) and questionnaire (N = 44,546 persons) results were incorporated into the registry, yielding 12,894 and 9074 concordantly informative pairs. Morbidity and mortality outcomes have been followed up since 1990, for most diseases. For preliminary analysis of complex diseases, we selected ventricular septal defects (VSD) in young twins, stomach and colorectal cancers in adult twins. We identified 353 VSDs, 284 stomach cancers, and 116 colorectal cancers among twins. The prevalence rates of cancers, but not that of VSD, were lower in twins than those in population. The difference in the cancer prevalence was marked for twins born before 1926, implying some degree of selection. Like-sex (LS) twins showed familial recurrence risks (λLS) of 41.2 for VSD and 22.4 for colorectal cancers, and 1.74 for stomach cancers. For opposite-sex (OS) twins, we could estimate λOS of 19.8 for VSD only. These results were compatible with previous studies for VSD and colorectal cancers, but not for stomach cancers. Despite the strength in size, availability of health outcomes, and some lifestyle and basic laboratory data, we need accurate zygosity information to improve the validity of the results.

scholarly journals AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MODIFIED FEMORAL NECK-SHAFT ANGLE: AN MRI BASED OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Najamul Huda ◽  
Ankur Agarawal* ◽  
Man Mohan Sharma ◽  
Saurabh Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Neck Shaft Angle ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Background: Femoral neck-shaft angle has its importance in describing biomechanics of hip. Measurement methods like plain radiography and CT scans have its limitations. The modied neck-shaft angle (mNSA) drawn on MRI scans is less susceptible to rotational effects and is more reliable for getting normal values. The present study was undertaken to assess the neck shaft angle on MRI and establish differences according to age and gender. Methods: Total 200 adults were recruited and equally distributed under four study cohorts according to age and gender. MRI of hip joint was analysed and mNSA was measured using pre-dened axial lines and landmarks. Results: The mean age of the participants was 49.76±18.184 years (18 to 87 years). The mean mNSA was 147.855o. Males had signicantly higher mean mNSA (149.93±6.61)o than females (145.78±5.71)o. Though the younger age group (<60 years) had higher mNSA values (148.32±6.65) than older (> 60years) age group (147.3900±6.35), the difference was not statistically signicant. Conclusions: We conclude that gender-based variation exists in the population with the higher values of mNSAin males as compared to females in any age group. The age based difference is also present, but it is not signicant. Neck shaft angle calculated on the MRI has the advantage that it is unaffected by rotation of the hip and is radiation free. The orthopaedic surgeons can use the mNSAfor the diagnosis and planning surgeries around hip, for designing implants and prosthesis. It can also be of help for the forensic anthropologists and to the anatomists. Multicentric studies may be undertaken to include a larger population.

scholarly journals KAPASITAS AEROBIK DAN ANAEROBIK PADA ANAK LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN USIA DINI DITINJAU DARI KETINGGIAN WILAYAH DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satrio Sakti Rumpoko ◽  
Sunjoyo Sunjoyo
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Capacity Data ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this research is (1) to know the difference in aerobic and anaerobic capacity between children who are born and living on high ground with children born and living in Lowlands, (2) to find out the difference in aerobic and anaerobic capacity between boys, with girls, (3) and to know the effect of interactions between the region and gender-based aerobic capacity. The research was carried out by the post-facto ex method with a 2x2 factorial design. Aerobic capacity data is obtained from the Multi-Stage Fitness Test (MFST/Beep Test), while anaerobic capacity data obtained from Test 50 yard.  Data analysis techniques of aerobic capacity and anaerobic using ANAVA 2 x 2 variance analysis with significance a = 0.05.  The results of the study can be described as follows: (1) There are significant differences between male and female gender in the aerobic and anaerobic observation that male gender tends to be better than women (2) There are significant differences between those living on the plains. High and lowland on aerobic and anaerobic observation i.e. those living on a plateau tend to be better than those living in lowland (3) there is interaction between gender and location on anaerobic observation i.e. women living in the lowlands tend to have decreased more anaerobic ability than decreased anaerobic ability in males (4) No sex interactions and locations on aerobic observation.

Photos from the Quarter

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Keyword(s):  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Israeli Occupation

This sample of photos from 16 August–15 November 2019 aims to convey a sense of Palestinian life during this quarter. The images capture Palestinians across the diaspora as they fight to exercise their rights: to run for office, to vote, and to protest both Israeli occupation and gender-based violence.

THE SINS OF THE FATHER: GENDER- BASED VIOLENCE IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Snodgrass
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black Women ◽  
South African ◽  
African Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
South African Women

This article explores the complexities of gender-based violence in post-apartheid South Africa and interrogates the socio-political issues at the intersection of class, ‘race’ and gender, which impact South African women. Gender equality is up against a powerful enemy in societies with strong patriarchal traditions such as South Africa, where women of all ‘races’ and cultures have been oppressed, exploited and kept in positions of subservience for generations. In South Africa, where sexism and racism intersect, black women as a group have suffered the major brunt of this discrimination and are at the receiving end of extreme violence. South Africa’s gender-based violence is fuelled historically by the ideologies of apartheid (racism) and patriarchy (sexism), which are symbiotically premised on systemic humiliation that devalues and debases whole groups of people and renders them inferior. It is further argued that the current neo-patriarchal backlash in South Africa foments and sustains the subjugation of women and casts them as both victims and perpetuators of pervasive patriarchal values.

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