Herbicide Programs for Control of Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Resistant to Three Distinct Herbicide Sites of Action in Corn

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Christian Willemse ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Lauren Benoit ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Abstract Control of waterhemp is becoming more difficult in Ontario as biotypes have evolved resistance to four herbicide sites of action (SOA) including groups 2, 5, 9, and 14. The objective of this study was to compare PRE, POST, and PRE followed by (fb) POST herbicide programs and their effect on control, density, and biomass of multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) waterhemp as well as corn injury and grain yield. Two separate field experiments, each consisting of five field trials, were conducted over a two-year period (2018 and 2019) in corn in Ontario, Canada. The first experiment evaluated MHR waterhemp control with 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor containing programs applied PRE, HPPD-inhibitor containing programs applied PRE fb glufosinate applied POST, and glufosinate applied POST. The second experiment evaluated MHR waterhemp control with non-HPPD inhibitor containing programs applied PRE, non-HPPD inhibitor containing programs applied PRE fb atrazine + mesotrione applied POST, and atrazine + mesotrione applied POST. Atrazine + isoxaflutole caused 3 to 5% corn injury at E1; no corn injury was observed with PRE and POST herbicide programs at other environments. In general, atrazine/bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor and dimethenamid-P/saflufenacil, applied PRE, controlled MHR waterhemp ≥ 95% 12 weeks after POST application (WAA). A POST application of glufosinate following atrazine + tolpyralate PRE, and a POST application of atrazine + mesotrione following atrazine/dicamba or atrazine/S-metolachlor PRE, improved control at 4, 8, and 12 WAA in most environments. In general, PRE fb POST applications resulted in better control of MHR waterhemp throughout the growing season than PRE and POST applications (P<0.05). It is concluded that herbicide programs based on multiple effective SOA are available for effective control of MHR waterhemp in field corn and it is advisable that when choosing a herbicide program, excellent control of MHR waterhemp should be the goal given its high fecundity and competitive ability.

Herbicide Management Strategies in Field Corn for a Three-Way Herbicide-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon R. Kohrt ◽  
Christy L. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Three field experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2015 in Barry County, MI to evaluate the effectiveness of PRE, POST, and one- (EPOS) and two-pass (PRE followed by POST) herbicide programs for management of multiple-resistant Palmer amaranth in field corn. The Palmer amaranth population at this location has demonstrated resistance to glyphosate (Group 9), ALS-inhibiting herbicides (Group 2), and atrazine (Group 5). In the PRE only experiment, the only herbicide treatments that consistently provided ~80% or greater control were pyroxasulfone and the combination of mesotrione +S-metolachlor. However, none of these treatments provided season-long Palmer amaranth control. Only topramezone provided >85% Palmer amaranth control 14 DAT, in the POST only experiment. Of the 19 herbicide programs studied all but three programs provided ≥88% Palmer amaranth control at corn harvest. Herbicide programs that did not control Palmer amaranth relied on only one effective herbicide site of action and in one case did not include a residual herbicide POST for late-season Palmer amaranth control. Some of the EPOS treatments were effective for season-long Palmer amaranth control; however, application timing and the inclusion of a residual herbicide component will be critical for controlling Palmer amaranth. The programs that consistently provided the highest levels of season-long Palmer amaranth control were PRE followed by POST herbicide programs that relied on a minimum of two effective herbicide sites of action and usually included a residual herbicide for late-season control.

scholarly journals Confirmation and Control of HPPD-Inhibiting Herbicide–Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) in Nebraska

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwel C. Oliveira ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Todd Gaines ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
Keenan Amundsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
And Control ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in Nebraska to (1) confirm the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting resistant-waterhemp biotype (HPPD-RW) by quantifying the resistance levels in dose-response studies, and (2) to evaluate efficacy of PRE-only, POST-only, and PRE followed by POST herbicide programs for control of HPPD-RW in corn. Greenhouse dose-response studies confirmed that the suspected waterhemp biotype in Nebraska has evolved resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides with a 2- to 18-fold resistance depending upon the type of HPPD-inhibiting herbicide being sprayed. Under field conditions, at 56 d after treatment, ≥90% control of the HPPD-RW was achieved with PRE-applied mesotrione/atrazine/S-metolachlor+acetochlor, pyroxasulfone (180 and 270 g ai ha−1), pyroxasulfone/fluthiacet-methyl/atrazine, and pyroxasulfone+saflufenacil+atrazine. Among POST-only herbicide programs, glyphosate, a premix of mesotrione/atrazine tank-mixed with diflufenzopyr/dicamba, or metribuzin, or glufosinate provided ≥92% HPPD-RW control. Herbicide combinations of different effective sites of action in mixtures provided ≥86% HPPD-RW control in PRE followed by POST herbicide programs. It is concluded that the suspected waterhemp biotype is resistant to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides and alternative herbicide programs are available for effective control in corn. The occurrence of HPPD-RW in Nebraska is significant because it limits the effectiveness of HPPD-inhibiting herbicides.

Weed control and crop safety in sulfonylurea/glyphosate-resistant soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-641
Author(s):  
Zahoor A. Ganie ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Herbicide Programs

A soybean trait resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides along with glyphosate (Bolt™ soybean) has been developed. Information is needed to determine herbicide programs for weed control and crop safety in this new multiple herbicide–resistant soybean trait. The objectives of this study were to evaluate weed control and crop safety in sulfonylurea/glyphosate-resistant soybean with herbicide programs, including but not limited to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Field experiments were conducted near Clay Center, NE, USA, in 2016 and 2017. Herbicide programs with multiple sites-of-action including rimsulfuron/thifensulfuron in mixture with flumioxazin, flumioxazin/chlorimuron, pyroxasulfone, chlorimuron/metribuzin, or saflufenacil/imazethapyr plus dimethenamid-P provided 91%–97% control of common waterhemp, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters. Rimsulfuron and (or) thifensulfuron resulted in 92%–97% control of velvetleaf and common lambsquarters and 81%–87% common waterhemp control at 21 d after pre-emergence (PRE) (DAPRE) herbicide application. Soybean injury was transient and varied from 3% to 11% at 21 DAPRE and 14 d after post-emergence (POST) (DAPOST) herbicide application without causing yield loss. At 30 and 60 DAPOST, 87%–97% velvetleaf control and 92%–98% common lambsquarters control was achieved with herbicide programs tested (PRE, POST, or PRE followed by POST). Common waterhemp control at 30 and 60 DAPOST was not consistent between years. Weed density and biomass reduction were mostly similar to weed control achieved. Untreated control resulted in the lowest soybean yield (1811 kg ha−1) in 2016 compared with 3406–4611 kg ha−1 in herbicide programs.

Control of common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis) in corn and soybean with sequential herbicide applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Joshua D Vyn ◽  
Peter H Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) is an aggressive annual broadleaf whose distribution is expected to increase rapidly in agricultural land in eastern Canada. Eight field experiments (four in corn and four in soybean) over a 2-yr period (2005 and 2006) were established on two Ontario farms (near Comber and Petrolia, Ontario) with waterhemp infestations to evaluate the efficacy of various PRE- and POST-emergence herbicides applied alone or in sequence for the control of waterhemp in corn and soybean. There was minimal injury (up to 3.8%) to corn and soybean from the herbicide treatments evaluated. In corn, sequential herbicide programs of isoxaflutole + atrazine PRE fb either dicamba POST, dicamba/diflufenzopyr POST, dicamba/atrazine POST or mesotrione + atrazine POST provided consistent full-season control of waterhemp. Corn yield was reduced 48% when waterhemp was not controlled. Corn yield was equivalent to the weed-free check with the herbicide treatments evaluated. In soybean, PRE or POST herbicides alone provided 41 to 94% control of waterhemp, however, waterhemp control was increased to 90 to 99% with the sequential herbicide programs. Dimethenamid (PRE; 1250 g ha-1) followed by glyphosate (POST1; 900 g ha-1) followed by glyphosate (POST2; 900 g ha-1) controlled waterhemp 99%. Results with waterhemp density and biomass were similar to visible control. Soybean yield was reduced 41% when waterhemp was not controlled. Soybean yield was equivalent to the weed-free check with all the herbicide treatment except dimethenamid PRE, acifluorfen POST1 and fomesafen POST1 where the yield was 30, 19, and 19% lower, respectively. Key words: Waterhemp, weed control, glyphosate, corn, soybean, pre-emergence herbicide, post-emergence herbicide

scholarly journals Control of acetolactate synthase inhibitor/glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in isoxaflutole/glufosinate/glyphosate-resistant soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jasmine Mausbach ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
Debalin Sarangi ◽  
John Lindquist ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Abstract Palmer amaranth is the most problematic and troublesome weed in agronomic cropping systems in the United States. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor- and glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth has been confirmed in Nebraska and it is widespread in several counties. Soybean resistant to isoxaflutole/glufosinate/glyphosate has been developed that provides additional herbicide site of action for control of herbicide-resistant weeds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate herbicide programs for control of ALS inhibitor/GR Palmer amaranth and their effect on Palmer amaranth density and biomass, as well as soybean injury and yield in isoxaflutole/glufosinate/glyphosate-resistant soybean. Field experiments were conducted in a grower’s field infested with ALS inhibitor- and GR Palmer amaranth near Carleton, Nebraska, in 2018 and 2019. Isoxaflutole applied alone or mixed with sulfentrazone/pyroxasulfone, flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone, or imazethapyr/saflufenacil/pyroxasulfone provided similar control (86%-99%) of Palmer amaranth 21 d after PRE (DAPRE). At 14 d after early-POST (DAEPOST), isoxaflutole applied PRE and PRE followed by (fb) POST controlled Palmer amaranth 10% to 63% compared to 75% to 96% control with glufosinate applied EPOST in both years. A PRE herbicide fb glufosinate controlled Palmer amaranth 80% to 99% 21 d after late-POST (DALPOST) in 2018 and reduced density 89% to 100% in 2018 and 58% to 100% in 2019 at 14 DAEPOST. No soybean injury was observed from any of the herbicide programs tested in this study. Soybean yield in 2019 was relatively higher due to higher precipitation compared with 2018 with generally no differences between herbicide programs. This research indicates that herbicide programs are available for effective control of ALS inhibitor/GR Palmer amaranth in isoxaflutole/glufosinate/glyphosate-resistant soybean.

scholarly journals Control of Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Canola in Glyphosate-Resistant Sugar Beet

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipan Kumar ◽  
Prashant Jha
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Control Volunteer ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola volunteers in GR sugar beet is a management concern for growers in the Northern Great Plains. Field experiments were conducted at the Southern Agricultural Research Center near Huntley, MT, in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet. Single POST application of triflusulfuron methyl alone at the two-leaf stage of sugar beet was more effective at 35 compared with 17.5 g ai ha−1. However, rate differences were not evident when triflusulfuron methyl was applied as a sequential POST (two-leaf followed by [fb] six-leaf stage of sugar beet) program (17.5 fb 17.5 or 35 fb 35 g ha−1). Volunteer GR canola plants in the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments produced little biomass (11 to 15% of nontreated plots) but a significant amount of seeds (160 to 661 seeds m−2). Ethofumesate (4,200 g ai ha−1) PRE followed by sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl (17.5 or 35 g ha−1) provided effective control (94 to 98% at 30 d after treatment [DAT]), biomass reduction (97%), and seed prevention of volunteer GR canola. There was no additional advantage of adding either desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate premix (44.7 g ha−1) or ethofumesate (140 g ha−1) to the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–only treatments. The sequential POST ethofumesate-only (140 fb 140 g ha−1) treatment provided poor volunteer GR canola control at 30 DAT, and the noncontrolled plants produced 6,361 seeds m−2, which was comparable to the nontreated control (7,593 seeds m−2). Sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments reduced GR sugar beet root and sucrose yields to 18 and 20%, respectively. Consistent with GR canola control, sugar beet root and sucrose yields were highest (95 and 91% of hand-weeded plots, respectively) when the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments were preceded by ethofumesate (4,200 g ha−1) PRE. Growers should utilize these effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet. Because of high canola seed production potential, as evident from this research, control efforts should be aimed at preventing seed bank replenishment of the GR canola volunteers.

Management of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in 2,4-D–, glufosinate-, and glyphosate-resistant soybean

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chandrima Shyam ◽  
Parminder S. Chahal ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Mithila Jugulam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Abstract Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth is a problematic, annual broadleaf weed in soybean production fields in Nebraska and many other states in the United States. Soybean resistant to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and glufosinate (Enlist E3TM) has been developed and was first grown commercially in 2019. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of herbicide programs applied PRE, PRE followed by (fb) late-POST (LPOST), and early-POST (EPOST) fb LPOST on GR Palmer amaranth control, density, and biomass reduction, soybean injury, and yield. Field experiments were conducted near Carleton, NE, in 2018, and 2019 in a grower’s field infested with GR Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D–, glyphosate-, and glufosinate-resistant soybean. Sulfentrazone + cloransulam-methyl, imazethapyr + saflufenacil + pyroxasulfone, and chlorimuron ethyl + flumioxazin + metribuzin applied PRE provided 84% to 97% control of GR Palmer amaranth compared with the nontreated control 14 d after PRE. Averaged across herbicide programs, PRE fb 2,4-D and/or glufosinate, and sequential application of 2,4-D or glufosinate applied EPOST fb LPOST resulted in 92% and 88% control of GR Palmer amaranth, respectively, compared with 62% control with PRE-only programs 14 d after LPOST. Reductions in Palmer amaranth biomass followed the same trend; however, Palmer amaranth density was reduced 98% in EPOST fb LPOST programs compared with 91% reduction in PRE fb LPOST and 76% reduction in PRE-only programs. PRE fb LPOST and EPOST fb LPOST programs resulted in an average soybean yield of 4,478 and 4,706 kg ha−1, respectively, compared with 3,043 kg ha−1 in PRE-only programs. Herbicide programs evaluated in this study resulted in no soybean injury. The results of this research illustrate that herbicide programs are available for the management of GR Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D–, glyphosate-, and glufosinate-resistant soybean.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicide Programs for Control of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Resistant Amaranthus palmeri in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michael M. Houston ◽  
L. Tom Barber ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Trent L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase- (PPO-) resistant Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats. (Palmer amaranth) was confirmed in Arkansas in 2015. Field trials were conducted in Crawfordsville, Gregory, and Marion, Arkansas in 2016, and Crawfordsville and Marion in 2017, assessing PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth control options in Glycine max (L.) Merr. (soybean). Twelve trials consisted of 26 preemergence (PRE) treatments, evaluated for Palmer amaranth control and density reduction at 28 days after treatment (DAT). Treatments that consisted of PPO- or acetolactate synthase- (ALS-) inhibiting herbicides such as flumioxazin (72 g ai ha−1) or sulfentrazone + cloransulam (195 g ha−1 + 25 g ha−1) controlled Palmer amaranth <60%. At 28 DAT, treatments including mixtures of a very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) plus the photosystem II- (PSII-) inhibiting herbicide metribuzin provided increased control over single herbicide sites of action (SOA) or herbicides mixtures to which Palmer amaranth was resistant. Pyroxasulfone + metribuzin (149 g ha−1 + 314 g ha−1) controlled Palmer amaranth 91% control across twelve trials at 28 DAT. S-metolachlor alone did not provide consistent, acceptable control of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth (55–77%); subsequent research has determined that these populations are resistant to S-metolachlor. A minimum of two effective herbicides should be included in soybean PRE programs for control of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth.

Characterization of a waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population from Illinois resistant to herbicides from five site-of-action groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody M. Evans ◽  
Seth A. Strom ◽  
Dean E. Riechers ◽  
Adam S. Davis ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Central Illinois ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Herbicide Use

AbstractExperiments were initiated to characterize a waterhemp population (CHR) discovered in a central Illinois corn field after it was not controlled by the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor topramezone. Field experiments conducted during 2014–2015 indicated that acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-, photosystem II (PSII)-, and HPPD-inhibiting herbicides and the synthetic auxin 2,4-D did not control the CHR population. Laboratory experiments confirmed target site–based resistance mechanisms to ALS- and PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Herbicide doses required to reduce dry biomass 50% (GR50) were determined in greenhouse dose–response experiments, and indicated 16-fold resistance to the HPPD inhibitor mesotrione, 9.5-fold resistance to the synthetic auxin 2,4-D, and 252-fold resistance to the PSII inhibitor atrazine. Complementary results from field, laboratory, and greenhouse investigations indicate that the CHR population has evolved resistance to herbicides from five sites of action (SOAs): ALS-, PPO-, PSII-, and HPPD-inhibiting herbicides and 2,4-D. Herbicide use history for the field in which CHR was discovered indicates no previous use of 2,4-D.

Glasshouse and field experiments on the control of tobacco blue mould

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
BS Janes ◽  
J Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Peronospora Tabacina ◽  
Blue Mould ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings

A simple procedure is described for the testing of chemicals against blue mould (Peronospora tabacina Adam) on tobacco seedlings in the glasshouse. Of approximate/y 500 chemicals tested, 17 gave mould control comparable to that of the standard (0.1 per cent w/v zineb), but a number of these were phytotoxic. In two field trials, zineb and ethylenethiuram monosulphide as dispersible powders or suspensions in white spraying oil base and N-p-tolyl dichloromaleimide as a dispersible powder, gave highly effective control early in the season, but later in the season, only zineb at 0.1 and 0.2per cent w/v gave effective control. Maneb, which was not tested in the field, later proved consistently superior to zineb in extensive glasshouse trials, and appeared to be the most promising compound for further investigation.

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