Strategies for increased yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) control in turfgrass with halosulfuron, sulfentrazone and physical removal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Luqi Li ◽  
Matthew Sousek ◽  
Zachary Reicher ◽  
Roch Gaussoin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Tuber Fresh Weight ◽  
Carry Over

Abstract Yellow nutsedge is one of the most widely distributed and troublesome weeds in the world. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to optimize strategies for increased yellow nutsedge control in turfgrass with halosulfuron and sulfentrazone. In the field study in yellow nutsedge and perennial ryegrass mixture, single or sequential applications (three weeks after initial) of halosulfuron or sulfentrazone were made on June 3, June 23, July 15, or August 5 in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016. Percent yellow nutsedge control was rated within the same growing season on Sept 17 and the following year on June 3 for carry-over control. Field and greenhouse studies confirm that sequential applications of halosulfuron with a three-week interval resulted in > 95% control in a yellow nutsedge/turfgrass mixture. In a greenhouse study, both herbicides reduced yellow nutsedge root and rhizome dry mass from 39 to 98%, number of new tubers and tuber fresh weight from 38 to 100% and prevented re-emergence. Sequential applications of either herbicide within a three-week interval early post emergence is recommended for optimal control. Herbicide application to yellow nutsedge using halosulfuron and sulfentrazone should be made as early as possible postemergence, preferably at the three- to five-leaf stage or 200 to 250 growing degree days (GDD, 10 C base). Mowing can be an effective method to reduce yellow nutsedge growth. Mowing at 7.6 cm weekly reduced yellow nutsedge rhizome dry mass by 55% and number of new tubers formed by 63% in the greenhouse study. Physical removal of yellow nutsedge plants such as hand-pulling can be an effective method to manage yellow nutsedge and is most effective at the three- to five-leaf stage (200 to 250 GDD). End-users can maximize yellow nutsedge control by integrating early herbicide treatments and cultural practices such as mowing and hand-pulling.

Effects of Glyphosate on Growth and the Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Levels of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Cañal Villanueva ◽  
B. Fernandez Muñiz ◽  
R. Sanchez Tames
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Underground System ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Secondary Shoot

Growth and the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured in greenhouse-grown yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. ♯ CYPES), following treatment with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. Herbicide was applied as a foliar spray at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mM. After 2 weeks, growth was inhibited, and chlorosis and leaf apex necrosis were observed. Plant height was reduced, leaf fresh weight was decreased by 40%, and leaf dry weight was slightly affected. Rhizome, tuber, and secondary shoot formation was strongly inhibited, but root development was not affected by glyphosate treatment. With the 10-mM treatment, dry weight of the underground system was reduced by 80%. Chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were decreased by 52 and 54%, respectively, following glyphosate treatment.

Effect of Growth Stage on Trifloxysulfuron and Glyphosate Efficacy in Twelve Weed Species of Citrus Groves

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samunder Singh ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Test Plants

Efficacy of trifloxysulfuron with and without surfactant was evaluated against balsamapple, cat's claw vine, Florida beggarweed, hairy beggarticks, ivyleaf morningglory, johnsongrass, prickly sida, redroot pigweed, sicklepod, strangler vine, tall morningglory, and yellow nutsedge at 21, 42, and 63 g ai/ha applied at the four- or six-leaf stages and compared with glyphosate at 280, 560, and 840 g ae/ha. Delayed application from the four- to six-leaf stage significantly reduced trifloxysulfuron efficacy; reduction was less with glyphosate. Trifloxysulfuron plus 0.25% X-77 was more effective on the four-leaf stage than on the six-leaf stage plants of redroot pigweed, johnsongrass, hairy beggarticks, strangler vine, and prickly sida; effect was similar on yellow nutsedge, sicklepod, Florida beggarweed, balsamapple, ivyleaf morningglory, and tall morningglory. Trifloxysulfuron at 63 g/ha plus surfactant reduced the fresh weight of all test plants more than 80% compared with control, except prickly sida, strangler vine, and cat's claw vine. Glyphosate was less effective than trifloxysulfuron plus surfactant against tall morningglory, sicklepod, ivyleaf morningglory, and yellow nutsedge but was significantly better against balsamapple, prickly sida, and cat's claw vine. None of the herbicides provided satisfactory control of cat's claw vine, strangler vine, and prickly sida.

Paraquat for Weed Control Prior to Establishing Legumes

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Linscott ◽  
A. A. Akhavein ◽  
R. D. Hagin
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Weed Growth

Land was prepared conventionally in early spring for the planting of small seeded legumes. Planting was delayed to allow emergence of weeds. We applied 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium salts (paraquat) and planted legumes immediately afterwards. Stage of weed growth, time of herbicide application, rate of chemical applied, and the methods of seeding were variables imposed. Paraquat (plus surfactant) applied at 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha to emerged weeds prior to the seeding of legumes controlled quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.] sufficiently to allow excellent establishment of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatusL.). A paraquat application delayed until yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) was at least 10 cm in height, followed by a disking, controlled the sedge sufficiently to allow legume establishment. For annual weed control, 0.3% kg/ha of paraquat was sufficient. Drilling as a method of seeding gave better legume stands than did surface-seeding techniques.

Effects of Shoot Clipping–Soil Disturbance Frequency and Tuber Size on Aboveground and Belowground Growth of Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusandCyperus esculentus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Fresh Weight ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Basal Bulb

Purple and yellow nutsedges are two of the world's worst weeds, reproducing asexually by rhizomes that can develop into new shoots or tubers. These tubers are the storage organs for carbohydrate reserves that are replenished by growing shoots and exhausted by new shoot, root plus rhizome, and basal bulb production. Based on the biology of both species, we hypothesized that the regenerative potential of purple and yellow nutsedge would decrease, with increasing shoot clipping–soil disturbance (SCSD) frequency and decreasing tuber size. To test this hypothesis, greenhouse experiments were conducted in pots to determine the effect of SCSD frequency and tuber size on aboveground and belowground growth of purple and yellow nutsedges. Five viable tubers of two tuber category sizes (small, 0.40 ± 0.05; and large, 0.80 ± 0.05 g of tuber fresh weight) were subjected to four SCSD frequencies (weekly, biweekly, monthly, and none) for 12 wk. SCSD was performed by clipping the emerged nutsedge shoots followed by manually disturbing the soil. SCSD at biweekly or weekly intervals reduced purple nutsedge proliferation, regardless of initial tuber size. However, monthly SCSD did not suppress purple nutsedge as effectively as weekly or biweekly SCSD, and less proliferation occurred with small tubers than with large tubers. In contrast, yellow nutsedge proliferation was equally reduced with monthly or more-frequent SCSD, regardless of initial tuber size. Even weekly soil disturbance for 12 wk failed to eradicate all small or large tubers in either species. Thus, yellow nutsedge is managed more easily than purple nutsedge with less-frequent tillage or cultivation. However, tillage or cultivation alone during a 12-wk period will not likely eradicate either nutsedge species from infested soil.

Absorption, Translocation, and Toxicity of Foliar-Applied Imazaquin in Yellow and Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusandC. rotundus)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjanagouda B. Nandihalli ◽  
Leo E. Bendixen
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Acid Absorption ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Quinolinecarboxylic Acid

Imazaquin {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid} absorption, translocation, and toxicity were investigated in yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) and purple nutsedge (C. rotundusL. # CYPRO) after foliar treatment. Imazaquin rates from 0.125 to 0.375 kg ai/ha were sprayed on nutsedge plants at the four-leaf stage. Compared to untreated plants, these rates reduced the main shoot growth of yellow nutsedge by 70 to 86% and that of purple nutsedge by 80 to 92% at 28 days after application (DAA). However, the regrowth as measured by tiller production was significantly greater at 0.125 and 0.188 kg/ha rates than at higher rates. The plants treated with 0.313 and 0.375 rates had no rhizomes or tubers at the 28 DAA sampling. In yellow nutsedge, absorption of14C-imazaquin increased from 36% at 1 DAA to 57% at 8 DAA. of the total absorbed14C, 12% translocated from the treated area by 8 DAA. Roots and rhizomes accumulated equal amounts of radioactivity. In purple nutsedge, the absorption of imazaquin increased from 17% at 1 DAA to 53% at 8 DAA. Translocation of absorbed14C in purple nutsedge at 8 DAA was 21%. Rhizomes accumulated significantly greater amounts of14C than the roots.

Yellow Nutsedge Tuber Germination and Seedling Development

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
D. P. Nema ◽  
V. M. Bhan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Basal Bulb

Upon germination, one or more rhizomes grew from the apical end of each yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) tuber. Each rhizome developed a basal bulb upon exposure to light. No significant differences in germination percentages existed between four lots of tubers which differed about fivefold in weight. The weight of plant material produced correlated significantly with the fresh weight of the tuber from which it emanated. When tubers germinated three successive times, over 60% of the tuber dry weight, carbohydrate, oil, starch, and protein were consumed during the first germination; but less than 10% of these constituents were uitlized during each of the next two germinations. Plants weighed significantly more after 43 and 91 days of growth with tubers attached throughout the period than when tubers were detached after emergence.

Response of Yellow Nutsedge and Soybeans to Bentazon, Glyphosate, and Perfluidone

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
L. M. Wax ◽  
R. L. Matthiesen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Good Coverage

Laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted in 1972 and 1973 on the efficacy of controlling yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] with bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide], glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], and perfluidone [1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide]. Young nutsedge plants (four- to six-leaf stage) were more susceptible to foliar sprays of the three herbicides than were older (six- to eight-leaf stage) plants. Foliar application of bentazon resulted in slow acropetal translocation of the herbicide, but killed the parent tubers. Good coverage of the foliage by bentazon sprays is essential, because the bentazon frequently kills only the foliage contacted by the spray. Applied as a postemergence broadcast spray, glyphosate injured soybeans severely at rates higher than 0.3 kg/ha, but did not satisfactorily control yellow nutsedge at rates less than 2.2 kg/ha. Perfluidone was active on yellow nutsedge when applied to either soil or foliage; yellow nutsedge was controlled best with preplant incorporated treatments at 4.5 kg/ha. Applications of 4.5 kg/ha perfluidone in the field significantly injured soybeans and reduced yields.

Preemergence and Postemergence Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control with MON 12000 in Nursery Crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Rakesh S. Chandran ◽  
William D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Better Than

Yellow nutsedge is a common and troublesome weed in the nursery industry. A selective postemergence herbicide is not available for yellow nutsedge control in most nursery crops. The effectiveness of MON 12000 for PRE and POST control of yellow nutsedge was evaluated in selected field-grown nursery crops. Preemergence control of yellow nutsedge 4 weeks after treatment (WAT) increased from 68% to 95% as MON 12000 rate increased from 0.03 to 0.28 kg ai/ha. At 9 WAT, control ranged from 16 to 73%. MON 12000 at 0.14 kg/ha provided similar PRE control of yellow nutsedge as metolachlor at 2.2 kg/ha. Four WAT, MON 12000 applied POST at 0.03 kg/ha controlled 73% and controlled 86% with the 0.28 kg/ha rate. MON 12000 at 0.14 and 0.28 kg/ha applied POST controlled yellow nutsedge better than bentazon at 1.12, chlorimuron at 0.01, imazaquin at 0.14, or glyphosate at 3.33 kg/ha. MON 12000 injured the foliage of azalea, crape myrtle, cotoneaster, and Japanese holly. Injury was most severe to cotoneaster. MON 12000 reduced azalea, cotoneaster, and crape myrtle shoot fresh weight compared to hand-weeded plots in at least one study. Metolachlor at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha caused little injury to the nursery species tested.

Genetic Variation in Life History Traits in Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) from California

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie S. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Adaptive Diversity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Weight Number

Genetic variation of morphological and phenological characters of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) from California was investigated and compared with isozyme data from the same populations. The importance of collection location, individual genotype, and isozyme genotype to phenotypic characteristics was evaluated. Analyses were conducted on 20 individuals collected from each of 10 widely separated populations in California. Replicate plants were started by tubers, grown in pots buried outdoors, and measured during the period from planting through flowering. Results showed that yellow nutsedge is variable across its range in California in all measured traits, including days to sprouting and flowering, height, rachis number and length, aboveground biomass, tuber weight, number of rays, ray length, number of spikelets per ray, as well as spikelet length and width. Population (collection location) was a larger variance component than genotype (individuals over all locations). As found in isozyme analysis, relatively more variation was found among than within populations, typical of clonally reproducing species. Overall, more variation was found in quantitative traits than in isozymes. The level of variation, based on coefficients of variation for each character and population, was similar within populations and not clearly related to cropping history or climate at each site. The two most common isozyme genotypes in the collection differed in four characters: date of emergence, weight of 10 tubers, rachis number, and mean ray length, which may represent different adaptive responses to cultural practices. These results indicate that isozymes do not reflect the high level of genetic and adaptive diversity of yellow nutsedge. Factors that are likely to determine the patterns of variation in this species include breeding system (vegetative reproduction), founder effects, polyploidy, and homogeneity of the agricultural environmental.

Benzobicyclon Activity on Common Louisiana Rice Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. McKnight ◽  
Eric P. Webster ◽  
David C. Blouin
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Flooded Field

AbstractA study was conducted at three locations in Louisiana to evaluate the response of common Louisiana rice weed species to different rates of application of benzobicyclon herbicide. Benzobicyclon was applied at 31, 62, 123, 185, 246, 493, 739, 986, and 1,232 g ai ha–1into flooded field conditions when ducksalad was at the first elongated-leaf stage. Barnyardgrass, false pimpernel, and yellow nutsedge control never exceeded 50% from any rate of benzobicyclon applied, averaged across evaluation timing. Ducksalad control, averaged across evaluation timing, was 83% when treated with 493 g ha−1and did not increase when treated with higher rates of benzobicyclon. At 42 d after treatment (DAT), purple ammannia and Indian toothcup treated with 185 and 246 g ha–1of benzobicyclon were controlled 58% and 81%, respectively, and did not differ in control compared with higher rates of benzobicyclon. All weeds were hand-harvested from each plot and separated by species at the conclusion of the study. No differences in fresh-weight biomass were observed for barnyardgrass, false pimpernel, purple ammannia, or yellow nutsedge. Treatment with benzobicyclon at ≥62 g ha–1resulted in reduced ducksalad fresh weight 42 DAT compared with the nontreated sample. Indian toothcup fresh weight was reduced 77% to 96% compared with the nontreated sample when treated with benzobicyclon at 246 to 1,232 g ha–1.

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