Quantitative determination of the phase I/phase II ratio in sodium triphosphate by Raman spectrometry

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1824-1826
Author(s):  
Jan. Bus
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Raman Spectrometry

Gas Chromatographic Determination of Poly chlorinated Biphenyls (as Aroclor 1254) in Serum: Collaborative Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-659
Author(s):  
Virlyn W Burse ◽  
Margaret P Korver ◽  
Larry L Needham ◽  
Chester R Lapeza ◽  
Elizabeth L Chester R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract A gas chromatographic-electron capture detection method for determining the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as Aroclor 1254 (AR 1254) in serum was evaluated through a 2-phase collaborative study. In Phase I, each collaborator's lot of Woelm silica gel (70-150 mesh) was evaluated for elution and recovery of AR 1254, which had been added in vitro at 25 ng/mL to a serum extract. In Phase II, each collaborator analyzed a series of bovine serum samples that contained the following: (1) in vitro-spiked AR 1254; (2) in vivo AR 1254 and 8 in vitro-spiked chlorinated hydrocarbons; (3) in vivo AR 1254 only; (4) 8 in vitro-spiked chlorinated hydrocarbons only; and (5) neither AR 1254 nor chlorinated hydrocarbons above the detection limit of the method. In Phase I, the average recovery of AR 1254 from silica gel for the 6 collaborators was 87.9 ± 15.44% (mean ± 1 SD; N = 18; range = 52.3-105.8%). In Phase II, the analysis of in vitro spikes of AR 1254 in serum at 8.58,16.8, 41.8, and 84.3 ppb gave mean (X) interlaboratory recoveries of 89.0, 83.3, 79.4, and 76.9%, respectively, with within-laboratory (repeatability) relative standard deviations (RSDr) of 18.8, 20.5, 10.2, and 14.1%, respectively, and among-laboratory (reproducibility) relative standard deviations (RSDR) of 21.5, 21.1, 14.6, and 20.8%, respectively. The determination of in vivo AR 1254 in samples containing approximately 10, 25, 50, and 100 ng/mL of AR 1254 resulted in interlaboratory means of 10,22,39, and 79 ng/mL, respectively, with RSDr = 6.7,9.7,6.4, and 5.8%, respectively, and RSDR = 20.6,16.0, 10.9, and 10.3%, respectively. The precision of the method for incurred AR 1254 showed a maximum RSDr of less than 10% and a maximum RSDR of less than 21% for a concentration range of 10-100 ng/mL. The accuracy of the method as demonstrated by the mean recovery of in vitro-spiked AR 1254 over a concentration range of 8.58-84.3 ng/mL was 82.2%. The method has been approved interim official first action.

Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for Separation and Quantitative Determination of Mexiletine and its Main Phase I Metabolites

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Bruno ◽  
Maria Cavalluzzi ◽  
Alessia Carocci ◽  
Alessia Catalano ◽  
Carlo Franchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Capillary Zone Electrophoresis ◽  
Main Phase ◽  
Zone Electrophoresis ◽  
Capillary Zone

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF FOREST AND NON-FOREST IN SERAM ISLAND MALUKU PROVINCE USING MULTI-YEAR LANDSAT DATA

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Tatik Kartika ◽  
Ita Carolita ◽  
Johannes Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
National Park ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Landsat Data ◽  
Forest Area Change ◽  
Index 2

Seram Island is one of the islands in Maluku Province. Forest in Seram Island still exists because there is Manusela National Park, but they should be monitored. The forest and non-forest information is usually obtained through the classification process from single remote sensing data, but in certain places in Indonesia it is difficult enough to get  single Landsat data with cloud free, so annual mosaic was used. The aim of this research was to analyze the stratification zone, their indices and thresholds to get spatial information of annual forest area in Seram Island using multi-year Landsat Data. The method consists of four stages: 1) analyzing the base probability result for determination of stratification zone 2) determining the annual forest probability by applying indices from stage-I, 3) determining the spatial information of forest and non-forest annual phase-I by searching the lowest boundary of forest probability, and 4) determining the spatial information of forest and non-forest annual phase-II using the method of permutation of three data and multi-year forest rules. The results of this study indicated that Seram Island  could be coumpond into one stratification zone with three indices. The index equations were B2+B3-2B for index-1, B3+B4 for index-2, and -B3+B4 for index-3.   The threshold  of  index 1, 2, and 3 ranged between -60 and 0, 61 and 104, and 45 and 105, respectively. The lowest boundary  of forest probability in Seram Island since 2006 to 2012 have a range between 46% and 60%. The last result was the annual forest spatial information phase II where the missing data on the forest spatial information phase I decreased. The information is very important to analyze forest area change, especially in Seram Island. 

scholarly journals Determination of Minimum Infusion Rate and Cardiorespiratory Effects of Total Intravenous Anesthesia of Ketofol With or Without Lidocaine, Fentanyl or Dexmedetomidine in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Imani Rastabi ◽  
Hadi Naddaf ◽  
Bahman Mosallanejad ◽  
Mahmood Khannejad ◽  
Majid Keramat
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Total Intravenous Anesthesia ◽  
Intravenous Anesthesia ◽  
Predetermined Interval ◽  
The Times

Abstract Background: Ketofol is a 1:1 mixture of ketamine and propofol that has been proposed for induction and maintenance of anesthesia aiming to provide more cardiovascular stability and less undesirable impacts compared to the use of propofol and ketamine alone. However, it has been associated with exacerbated respiratory depression in dogs. Diminishing the dose of ketofol may improve cardiovascular effects and attenuate respiratory depression. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of adding lidocaine, fentanyl or dexmedetomidine at the required dose and cardiorespiratory variables in dogs undergoing total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with ketofol. In phase I, twelve dogs were induced and maintained with two out of four anesthetic regimens of KET: ketofol (4 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg/min, respectively), KLD; ketofol and lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg/min, respectively), KFN: ketofol and fentanyl (LD: 5 µg/kg and 0.1 µg/kg/min, respectively) and KDX: ketofol and dexmedetomidine (2 µg/kg and 2 mg/kg/h, respectively). Minimum infusion rate (MIR) of ketofol was determined in this phase. Subsequently, in phase II, other twelve dogs were given the same anesthetic regimens for 60 min similar to the previous phase, except the infusion rate of ketofol. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded in predetermined interval. Results: In phase I, mean MIR of ketofol for KET, KLD, KFN and KDX were determined to have decreasing manner as 0.35, 0.23, 0.15, and 0.08 mg/kg/min, respectively. In phase II, the times of recovery events were shorter in KFN and KDX than KET and KLD. Notably, HR was significantly higher than baseline during anesthesia in KET and KLD, which also was significantly lower than baseline in KFN and KDX at several time points. Significant higher values of MAP were observed over time in KDX. In all treatments, there was a decrease in respiratory rate and pH as well as an increase in PCO2 during the anesthesia session. Conclusions: It was concluded that despite decreasing the dose of ketofol, none of the added drugs attenuated respiratory depression caused by ketofol.

35Cl NQR, Crystal Structure, and Pyroelectricity of 2,3-Dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Brummer ◽  
Ulrich Sohling ◽  
Alarich Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Pyroelectric Coefficient ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Triclinic Phase ◽  
Two Phases

AbstractThe 35Cl NQR spectra of the two phases (phases I and II) of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone were studied from 77 to 394 K. The crystal structure determination of the triclinic phase (phase I) was refined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Phase I crystallizes in the space group C1i-P1̄. The unit cell (Z = 4) has the dimensions a = 1614.3(4) pm, 6 = 828.1 (3) pm, c = 733.2(3) pm, α = 67.02(1)°, β = 82.55(1)°, γ = 89.77(1)°. In the temperature range 439≦ TI→II/K≦447 a unidirectional phase transition I → II is observed. Phase II is orthorhombic, space group C52v-Pb21a. The bond distances d(C-CI) and the 35Cl NQR frequencies correlate quite well according to the theory: v(35Cl) ~ (d(C-CI)) 3- The multiplicity of the 35Cl NQR spectra is discussed. Pyroelectricity studies on phase II are reported. The pyroelectric coefficient depends little on the temperature, 8.3≦px/μCm-2 K-1≦10.7 in 103 ≦T/K≦343.

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