Quantification and Interpretation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Sediment Samples by a GC/MS Method and Comparison with EPA 418.1 and a Rapid Field Method

This paper describes a case study of petroleum‐contaminated soil/sediment samples which were analyzed using gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), volatile aromatic com‐pounds: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and naphthalene by GC‐MS, and oil and grease (O/G) con‐tent by sonication in hexane. The ratio of (TPH) / (O/G) shows that the hydrocarbon fraction is between 7% and 87%. The content of volatile organic fraction BTEX accounts for only a small proportion of total TPH, and the ratio of (BTEX) / (TPH) ranges from 0.1% to 0.6%. It should be stressed that the use of TPH methods as against gas chromatography must be done with care because the potential risk posed by BTEX compounds may not be adequately addressed. Santrauka Aprašomi nafta užterštu dirvožemio bei dumblo pavyzdžiai, kuriuose duju chromatografijos būdu GC‐FIDnustatytas bendrasis naftos angliavandeniliu kiekis (TPH), o GC‐MS – lakieji aromatiniai junginiai: benzenas, toluenas, etilbenzenas ir ksilenai (BTEX) bei naftalenas. Sonifikacijos n‐heksane būdu nustatytas alieju ir riebalu (O/G) kiekis. TPH ir O/G santykis rodo, kad angliavandeniliu frakcijos yra nuo 7% iki 87%. Lakioji organine frakcija (BTEX) sudaro palyginti maža bendrojo naftos angliavandeniliu kiekio (TPH) dali, o BTEX ir TPH santykis svyruoja nuo 0,1% iki 0,6%. Ypač vertetu atkreipti demesi i bendrojo naftos angliavandeniliu kiekio (TPH) nustatyma duju chromatografijos būdu, nes galimas lakiosios organines frakcijos (BTEX) pavojingumas gali būti nepakankamai ivertintas. Peзюме Описаны образцы почвы и седимента, в которых способом хроматографии газа GC-FID определено общее количество нефтяных углеводородов (TPH), при помощи GC-MS установлены летучие ароматические соединения: бензол, толуол, этилобензол, ксилолы (BTEX) и нафталин. Способом сонификации в н-гексане определено количество масел и жиров (O/G). Отношение (TPH) / (O/G) свидетельствует о том, что в них содержится от 7% до 87% фракции углеводородов. Летучие ароматические соединения составляют относительно небольшую часть cyммарных нефтяных углеводородов, а отношение (BTEX) / (TPH) колеблется в пределах 0,1–0,6%. Особое внимание следует обратить на определение общего количества нефтяных углеводородов (TPH) способом хроматографии газа в связи с тем, что может быть не полноcтью оценена возможная опасность летучих ароматических соединений (BTEX).

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Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Contamination of the Surface Water and Sediments of Orashi River, Engenni, Ahoada West, Rivers State, Nigeria

Asian Review of Environmental and Earth Sciences ◽

10.20448/journal.506.2021.81.68.76 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 68-76

Author(s):

Edori E S ◽

Edori O S ◽

Bekee D

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Mean Value ◽

Present Condition ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Allowable Limit ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Rivers State

The level of contamination of Orashi River by total petroleum hydrocarbons were investigated through the collection of surface water samples and sediment samples from four locations along the river. Determination of the level of contamination was done with the use of gas chromatography-flame ionization detector after following laid down clean-up procedures. The results obtained showed that total petroleum hydrocarbons in the surface water were 10.913±2.2022mg/L, 7.645±2.683mg/L, 9.074±2.1654mg/L and 12.212±3.3034mg/L for stations 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively with a mean value of 9.961±2.5885mg/L, while in the sediment samples concentration values recorded were 22.3925±5.2104mg/Kg, 35.1071±9.9652mg/Kg, 50.4431±15.9916mg/Kg and 29.3869±8.0410mg/Kg for stations 1, 2 3 and 4 respectively with a mean value of 34.3324±9.8021mg/Kg. The partition coefficient calculations revealed that the sediment phase is more stable for total petroleum hydrocarbons as compared to the water phase. The analysis of the randomly collected samples revealed that total petroleum hydrocarbons have contaminated the river and therefore adequate steps should be taken to remedy the present condition of the Orashi River in order to mitigate any probable rise in the quantity of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the river above allowable limit.

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Efficiency and Kinetics of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) Removal from Crude Oil Polluted Arable Soil using Palm Bunch Ash and Tween 80

Chemistry Africa ◽

10.1007/s42250-020-00219-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Godwin James Udo ◽

Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong ◽

Alfreda Nwadinigwe ◽

Clement O. Obadimu ◽

Aniedi E. Nyong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Arable Soil ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Palm Bunch

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Validation of an analytical methodology for the quantitative analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine sediment samples

Química Nova ◽

10.1590/s0100-40422009000400006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 855-860 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Eloy Yordad Companioni Damas ◽

Miriam Odette Cora Medina ◽

Ana Catalina Núñez Clemente ◽

Miguel Ángel Díaz Díaz ◽

Luis González Bravo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Marine Sediment ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Analytical Methodology ◽

Sediment Samples

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Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Categories Concentration in Soils Within the Vicinity Housing Heavy-Duty Diesel Generators in Three Universities in Port Harcourt South-South Nigeria

Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews ◽

10.33140/eesrr.04.01.07 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

Diesel Generators ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel

Total petroleum hydrocarbons pollution of soil samples randomly collected from three Nigeria Universities in Port Harcourt due to the use of heavy-duty diesel generators was studied to ascertains the level of concentration of the different hydrocarbons’ categories. The soil samples were collected at two different depths of 0.00-0.50m and 0.50-1.00m. The Universities were Ignatius Ajuru University of Education (IAUE), Rivers State University (RSU) and University of Port Harcourt (UNIPORT). The different total petroleum hydrocarbons categories were Gasoline Range Organics (GRO), Diesel Range Organics (DRO) and Lube Oil Range. Soxhlet extraction method was used in extracting the samples and due column clean-up was performed for chromatographic analysis. Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector was used to determine the level of concentrations of the different categories of total petroleum hydrocarbons. The results showed that at 0.00-0.50m depth, IAUE was 4.42145, 945.4784, and 525.66919 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively, RSU was not detected, 494.44799 and 458.6715 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively and UNIPORT was 4.40920, 501.2246 and 467.71426 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively. At 0.50-1.00m depth IAUE was 2.75132, 596.35126, and 311.84451 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively, RSU was not detected, 298.06899 and 270.61619 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively and UNIPORT was 2.77780, 301.74701 and 276.88684 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively. The level of soil contamination Showed that GRO > DRO > lube oil range. The observation showed that hydrocarbon pollution decreased with increase in depth. The level of DRO and lube oil range in the studied areas exceeded the limit acceptable and therefore adequate steps should be taken to remedy the situation so that it will not pose any health hazard to the workers operating the heavy-duty generators.

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Fate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Environment

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-24035-6_3 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 57-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Saranya Kuppusamy ◽

Naga Raju Maddela ◽

Mallavarapu Megharaj ◽

Kadiyala Venkateswarlu

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

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An Overview of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-24035-6_1 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saranya Kuppusamy ◽

Naga Raju Maddela ◽

Mallavarapu Megharaj ◽

Kadiyala Venkateswarlu

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

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Effect of compost in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0102 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 291-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J. Vouillamoz ◽

M. W. Milke

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Dilution Effect ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Grass Growth ◽

The Impact

The effect of compost on phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils was investigated using 130 small (200 g) containers in two screening tests. The experiments were conducted in a controlled environment using ryegrass from seed. Containers were destructively sampled at various times and analyzed for plant mass and total petroleum hydrocarbons. The results indicate that the presence of diesel reduces grass growth, and that compost helps reduced the impact of diesel on grass growth. The addition of compost helps increase diesel loss from the soils both with and without grass, though the addition of grass leads to lower diesel levels compared with controls. A second set of experiments indicates that the compost helps in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil independent of the dilution effect that compost addition has. The results indicate that the compost addition allowed diesel loss down to 200 mg TPH/kg even though the compost would be expected to hold the diesel more tightly in the soil/compost mixture. The simplicity of the screening tests led to difficulties in controlling moisture content and germination rates. The conclusion of the research is that the tilling of compost into soils combined with grass seeding appears to be a valuable option for treating petroleum-contaminated soils.

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ELECTROBIORREMEDIACIÓN DE UN SUELO CON UNA CONTAMINACIÓN ANTIGUA DE HIDROCARBURO

Acta Biológica Colombiana ◽

10.15446/abc.v20n2.45257 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Maite Soledad Baztan ◽

Oscar Héctor Pucci ◽

Graciela Natalia Pucci

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Control Cell ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Hybrid Technique ◽

Salt Bridges ◽

Ph Optimum ◽

Voltage Difference ◽

Biological Treatments

La electrobiorremediación es la técnica híbrida que suma los efectos de la electrorremediación a la degradación bacteriana de diferentes contaminantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue utilizar esta técnica para aumentar la biodisponibilidad de los hidrocarburos presentes en un suelo con contaminación antigua y su eliminación. El experimento duró 63 días y se realizó en una cuba de vidrio con tres compartimentos comunicados por puentes salinos de buffer fosfato que permitieron establecer la diferencia de voltaje y mantener el pH del suelo en valores óptimos para la vida bacteriana. Se determinaron: pH, humedad, hidrocarburos totales del petróleo (TPH) y bacterias. Los resultados mostraron una disminución de los hidrocarburos siendo la región del cátodo la que mejor eliminó los hidrocarburos, con solo el 9,4<ins cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:04"> </ins>% y 5,46<ins cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:04"> </ins>% de los hidrocarburos alcanos y poliaromáticos; en la celda control estos valores fueron del 15,28 y 14,4<ins cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:05"> </ins><del cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:05"></del>% respectivamente, mientras que el centro fue el lugar que menor degradación presentó quedando el 19,49<ins cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:05"> </ins>% y el 17<ins cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:05">,</ins><del cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:05"></del>88<ins cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:05"> </ins>% de los hidrocarburos alcanos y PAH. Concluimos que los resultados de laboratorio indican la posibilidad de incrementar la biodegradación en suelos con tratamientos biológicos previos.ABSTRACTElectrobioremediation (EKB) is a hybrid technique that combines bioremediation with electrokinetics. EKB uses bioremediation to degrade hydrocarbon contaminants and EK to mobilize them. The aim of this study was to use a technique for increasing the bioavailability of the hydrocarbons in soil pollution. The 63-day experiment was conducted in a three compartment glass vial connected by three salt bridges of phosphate buffer that established a voltage difference and maintained soil pH optimum for bacterial life value. pH, moisture, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and bacteria were determined. The results showed a decrease in hydrocarbon, the best results were close to the cathode, where only 9.4<ins cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:05"> </ins>% and 5.46<ins cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:05"> </ins>% of alkanes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were left. In the control cell these values were 15.28 and 14.4<ins cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:05"> </ins>% respectively, while the center generated less degradation with 19.49<ins cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:06"> </ins>% and 17.88<ins cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:06"> %</ins><del cite="mailto:ABC" datetime="2014-12-16T08:06"></del>of alkanes and PAH hydrocarbons left. We conclude that the results from the laboratory study indicated that this technique gives the possibility of increasing biodegradation in soils with previous biological treatments.

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