scholarly journals Solvent Additive-Induced Deactivation of the Cu–ZnO(Al2O3)-Catalyzed γ-Butyrolactone Hydrogenolysis: A Rare Deactivation Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Solsona ◽  
Silvia Morales-de la Rosa ◽  
Oreste De Luca ◽  
Harrie Jansma ◽  
Bart van der Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Additive ◽  
Deactivation Process

Protein Solvent Interaction: Transition of Protein-solvent Interaction Concept from Basic Research into Solvent Manipulation of Chromatography

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Arakawa ◽  
Yoshiko Kita
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Protein Stabilization ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Solvent Interaction ◽  
Protein Formulations ◽  
Solvent Additive ◽  
Downstream Processes

Previously, we have reviewed in this journal (Arakawa, T., Kita, Y., Curr. Protein Pept. Sci., 15, 608-620, 2014) the interaction of arginine with proteins and various applications of this solvent additive in the area of protein formulations and downstream processes. In this special issue, we expand the concept of protein-solvent interaction into the analysis of the effects of solvent additives on various column chromatography, including mixed-mode chromatography. Earlier in our research, we have studied the interactions of such a variety of solvent additives as sugars, salts, amino acids, polymers and organic solvents with a variety of proteins, which resulted in mechanistic understanding on their protein stabilization and precipitation effects, the latter known as Hofmeister series. While such a study was then a pure academic research, rapid development of genetic engineering technologies and resultant biotechnologies made it a valuable knowledge in fully utilizing solvent additives in manipulation of protein solution, including column chromatography.

scholarly journals 24-Hydroxylation of 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol. An unambiguous deactivation process.

1986 ◽  
Vol 261 (20) ◽  
pp. 9250-9256
Author(s):  
R L Horst ◽  
T A Reinhardt ◽  
C F Ramberg ◽  
N J Koszewski ◽  
J L Napoli
Keyword(s):  
Deactivation Process

Vacuum-process-based dry transfer of active layer with solvent additive for efficient organic photovoltaic devices

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1106-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Hwa Lee ◽  
Kang Min Kim ◽  
Woongsik Jang ◽  
Sunyong Ahn ◽  
Young Yun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Solvent Additive

PTB7:PC71BM-based organic photovoltaic cell with solvent additive fabricated by transferring a BHJ layer via stamping transfer. This photovoltaic cell exhibited enhanced long-term stability and similar cell performance as compared with those of the spin-coated cells.

Revealing the role of solvent additives on morphology and energy loss in benzodifuran polymer based non-fullerene organic solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Zheng ◽  
Enfang He ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Zhaotong Qin ◽  
Tianqi Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Solvent Additive ◽  
Role Of Solvent

Solvent additive (SA) treatment is the most effective strategy to obtain highly efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs). However, NF-OSCs with SA treatment usually exhibits different or even opposite effect...

scholarly journals Formal Synthesis of (±)-Allocolchicine Via Gold-Catalysed Direct Arylation: Implication of Aryl Iodine(III) Oxidant in Catalyst Deactivation Pathways

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 570-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom J. A. Corrie ◽  
Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Gold Catalyst ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Partition Ratio ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
Formal Synthesis ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Diaryliodonium Salt ◽  
Deactivation Process

Abstract A concise formal synthesis of racemic allocolchicine has been developed, centred on three principal transformations: a retro-Brook alkylation reaction to generate an arylsilane, a gold-catalysed arylative cyclisation to generate the B-ring via biaryl linkage, and a palladium-catalysed carbonylation of an aryl chloride to generate an ester. 1H NMR monitoring of the key gold-catalysed cyclisation step reveals that a powerful catalyst deactivation process progressively attenuates the rate of catalyst turnover. The origins of the catalyst deactivation have been investigated, with an uncatalysed side-reaction, involving the substrate and the iodine(III) oxidant, identified as the source of a potent catalyst poison. The side reaction generates 1–4% of a diaryliodonium salt, and whilst this moiety is shown not to be an innate catalyst deactivator, when it is tethered to the arylsilane reactant, the inhibition becomes powerful. Kinetic modelling of processes run at two different catalyst concentrations allows extraction of the partitioning of the gold catalyst between the substrate and its diaryliodonium salt, with a rate of diaryliodonium salt generation consistent with that independently determined in the absence of catalyst. The high partition ratio between substrate and diaryliodonium salt (5/1) results in very efficient, and ultimately complete, diversion of the catalyst off-cycle. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Sorption Characteristics of Mixed Molecules of Glutaraldehyde from Water on Mesoporous Acid-Amine Modified Low-Cost Activated Carbon: Mechanism, Isotherm, and Kinetics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukosha Lloyd ◽  
Onyango S. Maurice ◽  
Ochieng Aoyi ◽  
Taile Y. Leswifi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Aldol Condensation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Surface Groups ◽  
Intraparticle Diffusion Model ◽  
Cooperative Adsorption ◽  
Deactivation Process

The environmental discharge of inefficiently treated waste solutions of the strong biocide glutaraldehyde (GA) from hospitals has potential toxic impact on aquatic organisms. The adsorption characteristics of mixed polarized monomeric and polymeric molecules of GA from water on mesoporous acid-amine modified low-cost activated carbon (AC) were investigated. It was found that the adsorption strongly depended on pH and surface chemistry. In acidic pH, the adsorption mechanism was elaborated to involve chemical sorption of mainly hydroxyl GA monomeric molecules on acidic surface groups, while in alkaline pH, the adsorption was elaborated to involve both chemical and physical sorption of GA polymeric forms having mixed functional groups (aldehyde, carboxyl, and hydroxyl) on acidic and amine surface groups. The optimum pH of adsorption was about 12 with significant contribution by cooperative adsorption, elucidated in terms of hydrogen bonding and aldol condensation. Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were fitted to isotherm data. The adsorption kinetics was dependent on initial concentration and temperature and described by the Elovich model. The adsorption was endothermic, while the intraparticle diffusion model suggested significant contribution by film diffusion. The developed low-cost AC could be used to supplement the GA alkaline deactivation process for efficient removal of residual GA aquatic toxicity.

A low boiling-point and low-cost fluorinated additive improves the efficiency and stability of organic solar cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (43) ◽  
pp. 15296-15302
Author(s):  
Shaman Li ◽  
Qing Ma ◽  
Shanshan Chen ◽  
Lei Meng ◽  
Jinyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Power Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Solvent Additive

Low boiling-point and low-cost 1,4-difluorobenzene was used as solvent additive to optimize the power conversion efficiency and stability of organic solar cells.

A novel quasi-two-dimensional fused-perylenediimide electron acceptor for solvent additive-free non-fullerene organic solar cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 108119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Yin ◽  
Zhi Zheng ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Shiyong Gao ◽  
Fengyun Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Solvent Additive
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