Changes in the Key Aroma Compounds of Raw Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) Induced by Pan-Frying As Well As by Rehydration of Dry Mushrooms

Brazilian reports on Shiitake mushroom [Lentinula edodes (Berkeley) Pegler] productivity grown on Eucalyptus saligna (Sm.) logs are optimistic. The current production on this kind of wood is, however, low and variable. Aiming at increasing Shiitake mushroom productivity, the present work studied interactions among three concentrations of mineral supplement and three Shiitake strains (Le 95/01, 96/17 and 96/18) grown on seventh cut eucalyptus logs. Mineral fertilization was carried out when the logs were submerged in water to induce fruiting bodies, using the following saline concentrations: zero (no fertilizers added), 0.05% (equivalent to 0.35 g L-1 of ammonium sulfate with 18% nitrogen and 0.15 g L-1 of superphosphate with 34% phosphorus) and 0.50%. Fertilization of the Le 95/01 strain increased productivity, but logs inoculated with the Le 96/17 strain were more productive only at 0.05% concentration while in the Le 96/18 strain, mineral supplementation decreased in productivity. The radial growth of these Shiitake strains (in sawdust-agar medium and with the same saline concentrations used in the log experiment) showed that all strains reacted positively to fertilization and that positive results for the Le 95/01 strain and negative results for Le 96/18 on eucalyptus logs are due to the natural higher competitiveness of the first Le 95/01 in relation to the latter Le 96/18 strain. Mineral fertilization increases the productivity provided that the logs are well colonized by Shiitake mushrooms.

Download Full-text

(395) Greater Inoculation Rate Enhances Biological Efficiency and Returns of Shiitake Mushrooms

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1034a ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1034A-1034

Author(s):

Cathy M. Sabota ◽

Caula A. Beyl

Keyword(s):

Lentinula Edodes ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

White Oak ◽

Net Profit ◽

Shiitake Mushrooms ◽

Inoculation Treatment

To determine if biological efficiency of shiitake mushrooms was affected by the density of spawn inoculation, white oak logs about 31 inches (0.79 m) long were cut from trees harvested 14 Apr. and inoculated 6 May 2003 with strain WR46 of Lentinula edodes using four rates of inoculation. The number of holes drilled and inoculated with spawn was determined by multiplying the weight of each log by 0.5, 1, 2, or 3. A 15-pound log (6.8 kg) inoculated at “3” times the weight would have 45 holes drilled and inoculated. Each rate of inoculation treatment was replicated three times with three subsamples per replication. After six harvests over a 21-month period, the biological efficiency (BE) of the logs increased by 1.94% per additional hole per pound (0.45 kg). This increase in BE would result in $1.15 in additional returns per log with a cost of only $0.15 more per log due to increased spawn use, resulting in a net profit, excluding increased labor and wax costs, of $1.00 per log.

Download Full-text

Strain of Shiitake Mushroom [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler] and Wood Species Affect the Yield of Shiitake Mushrooms

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.6.4.388 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 388-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cathy Sabota

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Lentinula Edodes ◽

Wholesale Price ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Small Scale ◽

Red Oak ◽

Shiitake Mushroom ◽

White Oak ◽

Shiitake Mushrooms ◽

The Cost

Logs of white and red oak (Quercus spp.), black cherry [Prunus serotina (Ehrh.)], sassafras (Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees), and eastern sycamore [Platanus occidentalis (L.)] were inoculated with eight strains of shiitake mushroom in 12-mm holes drilled 25 mm deep and spaced 15 cm apart down the log and 5 cm apart around the log in a staggered pattern. Logs then were placed in quonset houses covered with 80% shadecloth in Mar. 1991. The environment within these shaded houses was not modified otherwise. Harvested mushrooms were counted and weighed and biological efficiency (BE) was determined. White and red oaks produced significantly higher yields of shiitake mushrooms over the lifetime of the log than the other types of wood. Only one strain, CW25, produced significantly lower yields than the best four strains. Interactions among strains and seasons of harvest and the species and seasons of harvest were significant. The most productive mushroom strains and tree species yielded more mushrooms later in the life of the logs than the least productive strains and tree species did earlier in the life of the logs. BE attained from strain × species interactions ranged from 0% (WW70, CW25, and WR85 on sycamore) to 8.8% (WW44 on red oak) in an outdoor noncontrolled environment. The gross per cord value (at wholesale price) of shiitake harvested from white oak was $2475.00. The cost of producing one cord of shiitake is about $6.44 per log in a small-scale operation. A net return of $1509.00 per cord is realistic and includes the cost of labor.

Download Full-text

Enhanced Expression of Thaumatin-like Protein Gene (LeTLP1) Endows Resistance to Trichoderma atroviride in Lentinula edodes

Life ◽

10.3390/life11080863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 863

Author(s):

Xiaolong Ma ◽

Xiaolin Fan ◽

Gangzheng Wang ◽

Ruiping Xu ◽

Lianlian Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Lentinula Edodes ◽

Protein Gene ◽

Trichoderma Atroviride ◽

Major Mechanism ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Evaluation Test ◽

Shiitake Mushrooms ◽

Important Approach ◽

Enhanced Expression

Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushrooms) is heavily affected by the infection of Trichoderma atroviride, causing yield loss and decreases quality in shiitake mushrooms. The selection and breeding of fungal-resistant L. edodes species are an important approach to protecting L. edodes from T. atroviride infection. Herein, a highly resistant L. edodes strain (Y3334) and a susceptible strain (Y55) were obtained by using a resistance evaluation test. Transcriptome analyses and qRT-PCR detection showed that the expression level of LeTLP1 (LE01Gene05009) was strongly induced in response to T. atroviride infection in the resistant Y3334. Then, LeTLP1-silenced and LeTLP1-overexpression transformants were obtained. Overexpression of LeTLP1 resulted in resistance to T. atroviride. Compared with the parent strain Y3334, LeTLP1-silenced transformants had reduced resistance relative to T. atroviride. Additionally, the LeTLP1 protein (Y3334) exhibited significant antifungal activity against T. atroviride. These findings suggest that overexpression of LeTLP1 is a major mechanism for the resistance of L. edodes to T. atroviride. The molecular basis provides a theoretical basis for the breeding of resistant L. edodes strains and can eventually contribute to the mushroom cultivation industry and human health.

Download Full-text

The quantitative relationships among alkali elements and the availability of Rb as a substitute for radioactive Cs in Lentinula edodes

International Journal of PIXE ◽

10.1142/s0129083519500098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (01n02) ◽

pp. 61-68

Author(s):

A. Terakawa ◽

Y. Hirakata ◽

K. Kikuchi ◽

A. Fujita ◽

T. Matsuyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Lentinula Edodes ◽

Peripheral Region ◽

Shiitake Mushroom ◽

Emission Analysis ◽

Pixe Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Shiitake Mushrooms ◽

Alkali Elements ◽

Mushroom Sample

We performed particle-induced X-ray emission analysis to determine the quantitative relationships among alkali elements including radioactive Cs in Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom). The shiitake mushrooms were cultivated using radioactive Cs-contaminated hardwood logs, with Rb and stable Cs added to evaluate their concentrations by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis, as well as to measure the spatial distribution of radioactive Cs in the mushroom sample using an autoradiographic method. Radioactive Cs were strongly concentrated in the peripheral region of the mushroom pileus, whereas K, Rb, and stable Cs highly accumulated in the same region as radioactive Cs. We confirmed that the concentrations of K and Rb were basically proportional to that of stable Cs. In particular, a clear linear correlation was observed between the Rb and Cs concentrations. The results of this study indicate the availability of Rb as a substitute for Cs to study the accumulation of radioactive Cs in mushrooms.

Download Full-text

Fatty Acids and Stable Isotope Ratios in Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) Indicate the Origin of the Cultivation Substrate Used: A Preliminary Case Study in Korea

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9091210 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1210

Author(s):

Ill-Min Chung ◽

So-Yeon Kim ◽

Jae-Gu Han ◽

Won-Sik Kong ◽

Mun Yhung Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Stable Isotope ◽

Lentinula Edodes ◽

Isotope Ratios ◽

Stable Isotope Ratios ◽

Shiitake Mushroom ◽

Shiitake Mushrooms ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Cultivation Substrate

Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is commonly consumed worldwide and is cultivated in many farms in Korea using Chinese substrates owing to a lack of knowledge on how to prepare sawdust-based substrate blocks (bag cultivation). Consequently, issues related to the origin of the Korean or Chinese substrate used in shiitake mushrooms produced using bag cultivation have been reported. Here, we investigated differences in fatty acids (FAs) and stable isotope ratios (SIRs) in shiitake mushrooms cultivated using Korean and Chinese substrates under similar conditions (strain, temperature, humidity, etc.) and depending on the harvesting cycle. The total FA level decreased significantly by 5.49 mg∙g−1 as the harvesting cycle increased (p < 0.0001); however, no differences were found in FAs between shiitake mushrooms cultivated using Korean and Chinese substrates. Linoleic acid was the most abundant FA, accounting for 77–81% of the total FAs during four harvesting cycles. Moreover, the SIRs differed significantly between the Korean and Chinese substrates, and the harvesting cycles resulted in smaller maximum differences in SIR values compared to those of the cultivation substrate origins. Our findings contribute to the identification of the geographical origin of shiitake mushrooms and may have potential applications in international shiitake-mushroom markets.

Download Full-text