scholarly journals Model Experiment of Thermal Runaway Reactions Using the Aluminum–Hydrochloric Acid Reaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suguru Kitabayashi ◽  
Masayoshi Nakano ◽  
Kazuyuki Nishikawa ◽  
Nobuyoshi Koga
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Runaway Reactions ◽  
Acid Reaction

Vibration-spectral studies of compounds formed by the combination of methylformamide and dimethylformamide with some strong acids

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Spinner
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Ionic Form ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Strong Acids

A determination of the infrared spectra of the solid hydrochlorides of methylformamide and dimethylformamide and of the Raman spectra of their aqueous solutions showed that certain spectral features change with the medium used. The infrared spectra of the two amides in concentrated and in aqueous sulphuric acid, and in concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl and DCl), are consistent with the existence of two amide/acid reaction products for each amide: one (certainly ionic) form predominates in sulphuric acid solutions; a second form, of unknown structure, is present in the solid hydrochlorides, and in hydrochloric acid the two forms coexist in equilibrium.

Optimization of Separation Process of Waste Polyester-Cotton Fiber by Using Response Surface Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1564-1568
Author(s):  
Huang Huang ◽  
Yong Ling Yu ◽  
Wei Kong
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Response Surface Analysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Blend Fiber ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Central Composite

In this study, the response surface methodology was used to optimize parameters of the diluted hydrochloric acid hydrolysis method, which was adopted to separate the polyester-cotton blend fiber. The four parameters reaction time, mass fraction of hydrochloric acid, reaction temperature and solid-liquid ratio were determined by the single factor experiment as they are significant for the process of separation. By introducing the experiment of four factors on three levels designed by Box-Benhnken central composite method, a quadric polynomial regression model for the fiber weight loss rate was established. And the response surface graphs were plotted to illustrate the optimizing process. The response surface analysis determined that the optimized value of the four parameters were 98 minutes, 10.7%, 96.5 °C and 4.3 g/100ml respectively. Under these conditions, polyester-cotton blend fiber was completely separated.

scholarly journals Critical study of Shear's aniline-hydrochloric acid reaction associated with vitamin D

1933 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 2047-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Emanuel Levine ◽  
Charles Le Roy Seaman ◽  
Edwin John Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Acid Reaction

Results of experimental studies of integrated physico-chemical impact in carbonate reservoirs

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
R.U. Rabaev ◽  
◽  
Sh.Kh. Sultanov ◽  
V.E. Andreev ◽  
A.V. Chibisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dissolution Kinetics ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency

The article highlights the experimental studies results of carbonate rock dissolution kinetics in order to develop effective methods of slowing down the acid reaction rate in the heterogeneous structures. It was found that the intensity of carbonate reservoirs leaching process with the addition of hydrocarbon solvents such as dioxanes increases due to the acetals transition to the oil phase, dissolution of highly active oil components and more intense penetration of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to the carbonate matrix of the reservoir rock, which intensifies the process of leaching. The technology of complex physico-chemical impact on carbonate reservoirs has been developed. It is shown that the use of a aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions mixture and an organic solvent leads to an increase in the dissolution efficiency to 88% and the reaction rate increases by a factor of 3.5.

Thermal runaway reactions in a low thermal inertia apparatus

1986 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Leung ◽  
H.K. Fauske ◽  
H.G. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Runaway Reactions

scholarly journals A cautionary note on thermal runaway reactions in mixtures of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide

Cellulose ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1927-1932
Author(s):  
Stefan Böhmdorfer ◽  
Takashi Hosoya ◽  
Thomas Röder ◽  
Antje Potthast ◽  
Thomas Rosenau
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Runaway Reactions ◽  
Cautionary Note

Color development of proanthocyanidins in vanillin-hydrochloric acid reaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tohru Mitsunaga ◽  
Takao Doi ◽  
Yuuki Kondo ◽  
Isao Abe
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Acid Reaction

Preparation and Properties of Copolymer of Methacrylic Acid and Acrylamide onto Degraded Chitosan Initiated by HRP/H2O2/ACAC

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 396-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Hua Lv ◽  
Xiao Liang Yan ◽  
Rui Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Good Uniformity

The chitosan was degraded by hydrochloric acid and the effects of concentration of chitosan, amount of hydrochloric acid, reaction temperature and reaction time on the viscosity of chitosan were investigated. The results showed that the degraded chitosan with low viscosity could be prepared when chitosan (wt 6%) was dissolved in acetic acid solution and hydrochloric acid (wt 3%) at 90°C for 6 h to decrease the viscosity from 7.52 mPa·s to 2.48 mPa·s. Then, a graft copolymer was synthesized by copolymerization of degraded chitosan with methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylamide (AAM) by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2/acetylacetone (ACAC) as initiator. The structures of original chitosan, degraded chitosan and the copolymer were characterized by FTIR. The copolymer was applied to the leather industry as an amphoteric retanning agent. The applied results showed that the retanned leather had the merits of good uniformity fullness softness, strong selecting filling properties, good dyeing ability and antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Thermal Runaway and Fire Suppression Applications for Different Types of Lithium Ion Batteries

Vehicles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-497
Author(s):  
Cagri Un ◽  
Kadir Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Water Suppression ◽  
Runaway Reactions ◽  
Short Circuits ◽  
Spot Cooling ◽  
Suppression System

With the improvement of lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, safety is becoming increasingly urgent topic for battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Short circuits, overcharging, high temperatures and overheating can cause thermal runaway reactions and the release of the flammable electrolyte which makes fire suppression very difficult. This study focuses on the mechanism of thermal runaway and fire suppression applications of LIBs. In order to understand this, 10 experiments were carried out. The experiments were divided into as Exp. A and Exp. B. A manual water suppression system was used in Exp. A and an automatic boron-based suppression system (AUT-BOR) was used in Exp. B. LIBs were heated in a controlled manner with a heat source and the effects of thermal runaway and fire suppression were observed. In Exp. A, a large amount of water was required to extinguish the LIB fires. The holes and slits which formed in the LIB after a fire were useful for injecting water. A projectile effect of cylindrical cells was observed in Exp. A. The Exp. B results showed that AUT-BOR mitigates risks effectively and safely. Also, AUT-BOR provides an early fire warning system and spot cooling to prevent thermal runaway reactions while localizing and suppressing the fire. In Exp. B, fire detection and suppression occurred without any explosion.

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