Anti-Infective Plants Used for Lactation and Postpartum Recovery: Exploration of a Sub-Saharan–North African Dichotomy

This study looks at the association between social conflicts, civil society freedom, and democracy, and how social conflicts impact maternal mortality in African countries as a first step toward understanding how to use civil society to pressure Sub-Saharan African governments into improving maternal mortality ratios and other human development indicators. Pro-Government riots were negatively associated with civil society freedom. Organized Demonstrations and Organized Riots were positively associated with civil society freedom when North African countries were included in the data, but when they were excluded, only Organized Riots were associated with civil society freedoms. The period under study included the Arab Spring, which was characterized by high numbers of Organized Demonstrations in North African countries. I theorized that Organized Demonstrations occur less often in Sub-Saharan African countries due to lower levels of internet connectivity (used to organize) or because government forces use severe suppression, which escalates demonstrations into riots more in Sub-Saharan Africa. The fewer Pro-Government riots there are, the freer the civil society, and the more Organized Demonstrations and Organized Riots, the freer the civil society. This indicates that Pro-Government riots tend to be organized as part of the government repression of civil society. The analyses used democratization levels of countries as a control variable and found that as autocracy level increases, the level of civil society freedom decreases. Organized Demonstrations were the only form of social conflict associated with maternal mortality. It was a negative association, with rising maternal mortality associated with fewer Organized Demonstrations. The finding therefore suggests that democratic governance, with associated civil society freedom, that allows Organized Demonstrations provides the best scenario for health outcomes in African countries.

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Shifting Maghreb migration may prompt EU cooperation

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db225788 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

North African ◽

Content Type ◽

Migrant Populations ◽

Bilateral Relations ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Alternative Routes ◽

The Impact ◽

Difficult Transition ◽

The Eu

Subject Migration impact on Maghreb. Significance Morocco hosted a summit on African migration on October 31, calling for a common African stance to the growing migration challenge. EU incentives to Libya and Sahelian governments have decreased migrant crossings from Libya, which has been the primary channel for sea crossings. As a result, more migrants are using alternative routes in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia and staying longer in those countries. Shifting migration trends are forcing North African governments to think about the impact of growing sub-Saharan migrant populations within their borders. Impacts Sub-Saharan migrants could become lightning rods for governments in North Africa struggling with high unemployment and low economic growth. North African policies towards migrant populations will affect bilateral relations with governments in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The EU may need to pay more attention to Tunisia, which is grappling with economic problems and a difficult transition.

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Sources and levels of particulate matter in North African and Sub-Saharan cities: a literature review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-018-1715-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (13) ◽

pp. 12303-12328 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lamri Naidja ◽

Hocine Ali-Khodja ◽

Salah Khardi

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Literature Review ◽

North African ◽

Sub Saharan

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Optimism in Times of Crisis

10.1093/oso/9780190862848.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Roy Germano

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Economic Security ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

North African ◽

African Countries ◽

Developing Regions ◽

National Economic ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The Impact

Using a variety of survey datasets, this chapter explores the impact of remittances in fifty Latin American, Caribbean, Middle Eastern, North African, and sub-Saharan African countries. The first part of this chapter provides an overview of trends in the flow of migrants and remittances throughout these developing regions. The remainder of the chapter uses survey data to analyze the effects of remittances on economic grievances during the global food and financial crises that struck many economies between 2008 and 2011. The results indicate that remittances are strongly associated with feelings of economic security and optimism. Remittance recipients are less likely to describe their personal economic circumstances or national economic conditions negatively. They are furthermore less likely to predict that their personal economic circumstances or the national economic conditions will deteriorate in the future.

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OPEN INNOVATION: SYSTEMATISATION OF KNOWLEDGE EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION FOR COMMERCIALISATION

International Journal of Innovation Management ◽

10.1142/s136391961750027x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (03) ◽

pp. 1750027 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

CHRISTIAN TABI AMPONSAH ◽

SAMUEL ADAMS

Keyword(s):

Open Innovation ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

North African ◽

Exploration And Exploitation ◽

Commercial Activities ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Innovation Practices ◽

Knowledge Exploration ◽

Innovation Processes

This paper explores the intricacies of various determinants that can be used to systematise open innovation processes as the functional streaming of knowledge, both inbound and outbound, to expedite internal innovation and extricate the market for external use of innovation. Drawing on extant open innovation literature and data collected from organisations on the list of Thomas Reuters Derwent World Patents Index covering North America, Europe, Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North African for their open innovation practices, a model was developed that conceptualises the systematisation of open innovation processes toward commercial activities. The results show that the systematisation of open innovation requires a balancing act of knowledge exploration (KET) and exploitation (KEL) ambidexterity for commercialisation of the firm, and that a relationship exists between these variables. Using the contingency-based approach to organisational development, the paper adds to the understanding of the role of open innovation processes, systematisation, content and context as well as the research and development aspect of open innovation.

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La peste nord-africaine et la théorie de Charles Nicolle sur les maladies infectieuses

Gesnerus ◽

10.1163/22977953-06701003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 30-56

Author(s):

Kmar Ben Néfissa ◽

Anne Marie Moulin

Keyword(s):

Local History ◽

High Morbidity ◽

North African ◽

Migrant Populations ◽

Middle East Countries ◽

Immune Deficiencies ◽

History Of ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Typhus Fever

Many infectious diseases were described in North Africa in 18th–19th centuries by European travellers. Most of them were allegedly imported by new migrant populations coming from sub-Saharan, European or Middle East countries. Plague outbreaks have been described since the Black Death as diseases of the Mediterranean harbours. Charles Nicolle and his collaborators at the Pasteur Institute were witnesses to the extinction of plague and typhus fever in Tunisia. Both could be considered as endemo-epidemic diseases propagated by ancient nomad communities for centuries. Typhus was exported to other countries; plague was imported by Mediterranean travellers but also hid in unknown wild-animal reservoirs. The role of the bite of a rat’s flea was not confirmed and the pneumonic form might have prevailed in the medieval North African cities. Association between plague, typhus, flu and other causes of immune deficiencies could explain the high morbidity and mortality caused by plague in the past. The authors comment the local history of plague at the light of the evolutionary laws of infectious disease proposed by Charles Nicolle in 1930.

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Reframing race in the Maghreb

French Cultural Studies ◽

10.1177/0957155817738675 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27

Author(s):

Corbin Treacy

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Cultural Studies ◽

North African ◽

Black Africans ◽

Racial Tension ◽

On Line ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Sub Saharan

Clandestine migration across the Mediterranean is often discussed for its agitating effects on Europe’s racial anxieties; less acknowledged is the growth of intra-African racism in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Officials in these countries have increasingly demonised sub-Saharan Africans who arrive in the Maghreb en route to Europe, and now even black North Africans describe a climate of heightened racial tension. This article analyses the ways in which black Africans are represented in the contemporary Maghreb. Specifically, I look at print and on-line journalism, novels and films that foreground questions of race to argue that Maghrebi journalists, social media activists, authors and filmmakers are critiquing racism and exposing its neo-colonial underpinnings. Their work is calling for a disciplinary realignment in North African cultural studies that focuses the field as much on ‘Africa’ as it does on ‘North’.

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Integrating African Migrants?

Mobility and Forced Displacement in the Middle East ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197531365.003.0008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 165-186

Author(s):

Matt Buehler ◽

Kyung Joon Han

Keyword(s):

North Africa ◽

African Descent ◽

Maritime Security ◽

North African ◽

African Countries ◽

African Migrants ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

North African Countries

Given historically amicable relations between North Africa’s native citizens of Arab and African descent, it is counterintuitive that prejudice against foreign African migrants from sub-Saharan countries seems to be rising. Discrimination seems to be intensifying against African migrants who have recently arrived from Congo, Nigeria, Senegal, Cameroon, Mali, and elsewhere. Where conflict and poverty proliferate in these countries, migrants flee to North Africa seeking clandestine access to Europe by boat across the Mediterranean, or by foot through Spain’s North African enclaves of Melilla and Ceuta. In response, Spain, Italy, and North African countries have increased border and maritime security. Thus, as an alternative, many sub-Saharan African migrants have decided to resettle in North Africa. Previously, articles have appeared depicting North African states as “sender” countries of migrants. Yet, more recently, they have also become “recipient” countries of African migrants.

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