Development of translation skills among Chinese students in the process of professional training of linguists majoring in “Russian as a foreign language”

Перевод — комплексная дисциплина, требующая систематического развития всех видов речевой деятельности и предполагающая сложную поэтапную работу с учащимися. Особенность обучения переводу состоит в том, что образовательный процесс происходит в условиях двуязычия и осуществляется средствами двух языков. Формирование навыков перевода происходит в процессе выполнения сложного комплекса упражнений, учитывающих специфику переводческой деятельности: микрореферирование, перевод-пересказ, реферативный письменный и устный перевод, составление аннотации и др. Необходимо использование упражнений, ориентированных на развитие аналитических навыков: определение достоверности перевода, выбор подходящих вариантов перевода, сопоставительное изучение переводческих ошибок и др. В тренировочный комплекс включаются упражнения на переводческие трансформации: перевод с применением приемов калькирования, конкретизации, генерализации, антонимического перевода и др. Совершенствование переводческих навыков учащихся происходит одновременно с формированием лингвокультурологической компетенции, знакомством с языковой картиной мира русских. При разработке заданий целесообразной представляется работа с культурно-специфическими словами, «ложными друзьями переводчика», что способствует расширению языковых и фоновых знаний студентов, знакомству с реалиями и формированию необходимых переводческих навыков и умений. Основными задачами обучения являются: а) знание языкового материала, доведенное до уровня автоматического перевода; б) формирование фоновой эрудиции переводчика. Translation is a complex discipline that requires systematic development of all types of speech activity and involves complex step-by-step work with students. The specific feature of teaching translation is that the educational process occurs in a bilingual environment and applies two languages. Translation skills are formed in the process of performing a complex set of exercises that take into account the peculiarities of translation activities. It is necessary to use exercises focused on the development of analytical skills, for instance, determining the reliability of the translation, selecting the appropriate translation options, and comparative study of translation errors. The training complex includes exercises for translation transformations, for example, loan translation, concretization, generalization, and antonymic translation. The ability to operate with a large amount of information develops on the basis of tasks that train memory, such as micro-referencing, translation-retelling, abstract translating and interpreting, and writing summaries. In the process of training translators, special attention is paid to the formation of background erudition. The improvement of students' translation skills is concurrent with developing linguistic and culturological competence along with learning the linguistic picture of the Russian world. When designing assignments, it seems expedient to work with culturally sensitive words and “false friends of the translator”, which contributes to the growth of the students’ linguistic and background knowledge, exploration of the realities and the formation of the necessary translation skills and abilities. The main objectives of training are knowledge of the language material, brought to the level of automatic translation as well as the formation of the background erudition of the translator.

Economic and social impact of Malaysian higher education: stakeholders' perspectives

PurposeThis study examined the economic and social impact of Malaysian universities on their communities from stakeholders' perspectives. It analysed whether university stakeholders' spending, human capital (HC) and knowledge exploration (KE) will impact aggregate income (AI), quality of life (QOL) and business growth (BG) in surrounding communities.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted among 540 university stakeholders from the southern, northern and eastern regions of Malaysia, representing the alumni, community and industry. Data were subjected to factor analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsResults showed that universities impacted communities' economic development and wellbeing, thereby fulfilling their community-related role.Originality/valueThis study addressed universities' role in communities' economic growth and social development. Universities' contributions towards communities can be improved through the proposed model, which suggests ways to maximise their impact. A more detailed study of a particular university is needed to identify other factors that can strengthen universities' impact, even at national and global levels.

Ambidexterity in micro and small firms: Can competitive intelligence compensate for size constraints?

Ambidexterity has been linked to firm structures that are typical of organizations with a larger size. However, further research is needed to analyze whether the effect of firm size on ambidexterity is contingent on other aspects. We argue that micro and small firms that have developed some competitive intelligence routines (CIRs) may foster ambidextrous behavior and compensate for the limitations arising from a smaller size and lack of resources. We test our proposal on a sample of 200 firms in the furniture sector. Our results show that CIRs compensate for size constraints in that size is no longer a relevant variable to increase ambidextrous behavior in firms that achieve higher levels in these routines. Our results provide new and important insights into how ambidexterity may be fostered in small firms that lack resource slack or the ability to use separate units to develop knowledge exploration and exploitation activities. JEL CLASSIFICATION: M10, M21, O3

The technological acquisitions paradox in the beauty industry

PurposeWe address the following research questions: (1) Is the innovation trajectory of the acquirer affected by previous acquisitions? (2) In which direction knowledge recombination from the acquisition is pushed further? (3) Is the technological acquisition more a means for knowledge exploration and radical innovation or, on the contrary, a way for consolidating previous technological specialization?Design/methodology/approachThe nature of this study is exploratory; therefore, we opted for an inductive approach based on the L'Oréal case study analysis. Data were triangulated from different sources: (a) the L'Oréal website and press releases collected in the 2009–2015 period; (b) journal articles and books on the global cosmetics industry and the insightful work of Jones (2010); (c) the Questel Orbit database containing data on patents; and (d) the Zephyr – Bureau van Dijk database containing information on the acquisitions of firms.FindingsEmpirical evidence from a patent data analysis reveals a paradoxical path. On the one hand, acquisitions enable the company to explore new technological spaces; on the other hand, they allow it to reinforce a preexisting technological trajectory, even when the knowledge base of the target is distant from that of the acquirer. Thus, in our case study, the absorption and recombination of knowledge from a variety of domains support specialization more than diversification technology strategies.Originality/valueWe add to innovation management literature a new perspective, by offering a detailed analysis, through patent data, of the knowledge recombination process, led by technological acquisitions.

Knowledge Ambidexterity within a Business Context: Taking Stock and Moving Forward

Despite the increasing and recent interest in researching knowledge ambidexterity, there has been no attempt from scholarly research to map and structure extant research on this topic. The aim of this study is to fill this gap, thereby contributing to previous literature by increasing our understanding of the research on knowledge ambidexterity. This paper employs a systematic literature review analysis on a sample of 20 academic papers extracted from the Web of Science database in June 2021. After illustrating the size, growth trajectory, geographic distribution, and key publishing journals in the sample, the paper analyses the intellectual structure and main foci of the research domain. The results show that this topic emerged in the late 2000s with a boom in research in the last 5 years and a clear predominance of quantitative studies. Moreover, content analysis reveals that both a clear definition of knowledge ambidexterity and its main components, knowledge exploration and exploitation, and a valid and reliable scale for measuring this concept are still lacking. The review has also revealed that the research domain on knowledge ambidexterity can be grouped into three different research lines, each of which relates to a different level of analysis—teams, intraorganisational processes within individual firms, and interorganisational collaborations—and concludes by identifying potential areas for future research on this topic that may help to advance in the consolidation of this particularly vibrant field.

Unleashing the dynamics of triple-A capabilities: a dynamic ambidexterity view

PurposeThis study examines the impact of knowledge management capabilities on agility, adaptability and alignment (triple-A), drawing upon the nexus of the knowledge-based view and dynamic ambidexterity in the context of manufacturing industry in the USA. It also assesses the performance outcomes of triple-A capabilities in terms of operational and relational performance.Design/methodology/approachPath analysis was performed in this empirical study in the manufacturing industry.FindingsThe results show that knowledge management capabilities are conducive to the development of triple-A capabilities, which in turn lead to the improvement of operational and relational performance.Originality/valueThis study is grounded in the marriage of the knowledge-based view and dynamic ambidexterity to assess the combinative impact of knowledge management capabilities of knowledge acquisition and sharing through absorptive and desorptive capacities on agility and adaptability through knowledge exploration and alignment by knowledge exploitation in the pursuit of triple-A capabilities. This study unentangles the linkage between knowledge management capabilities and triple-As by theorizing the connection between absorptive/desorptive capacity and exploration/exploitation in terms of responsive and efficient supply chain respectively.

Open supply chain innovation: an extended view on supply chain collaboration

Purpose In the ever-increasing dynamics of global business markets, firms must use all possible sources to innovate continually. This study aims to explore how supply chain innovation can be fostered through joint efforts between firms and their supply chain partners. Design/methodology/approach At least two areas advocate innovation through external relations, namely, supply chain collaboration and open innovation. This study aims to provide a holistic insight into how vertical and horizontal partnerships can be implemented to help supply chains become more innovative, building upon commonalities and differences between the two areas. Findings This study proposes a conceptual framework for supply chain innovation based on the following three ambidextrous capabilities: purpose (i.e. knowledge exploration and exploitation), span (horizontal and vertical collaboration) and orientation (i.e. incremental and radical innovation). With five propositions, the link between the three ambidextrous capabilities and supply chain innovation is explained. The implementation of the framework is articulated through an illustrative real-life case. Originality/value The concept of open innovation in supply chain settings is progressively essential yet under-researched. This study is an early attempt to draw on the available theories and literature on open innovation and supply chain collaboration and elaborates how supply chains can facilitate and adopt a more open approach toward innovation.

Development of Emergent Knowledge Strategies and New Dynamic Capabilities for Business Education in a Time of Crisis

The current pandemic is, above all, a crisis of knowledge—Humanity had to find a vaccine, and now we are not sure how to behave socially to minimize the pandemic bad effects. For organizations, this situation requires an update in the reflection regarding both the strategy and the actions that should be performed. Therefore, the current crisis requires new ways of applying knowledge strategies and dealing with dynamic capabilities. We first analyze the two questions (knowledge strategies and dynamic capabilities) in abstract and general terms, and then we specifically focus on business education during the COVID-19 crisis. We conclude that COVID-19 creates a need for all knowledge strategies in terms of business education. Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom will be needed; above all, it requires the Unknown-Knowns, which is the basis for Knowledge Sharing, and the Unknown-Unknowns that base Knowledge Exploration because both Knowledge Exploitation and Knowledge Acquisition are strategies business schools use to perform in times of crisis. They are more difficult to implement because both the Known-Knowns and the Known-Unknowns are less valuable to solve a crisis like this one: all this will result in “agile universities”, which will be (and already are) those that will use the right strategies and the right dynamic capabilities and will have better results. The paper is original because we link Knowledge Management and Human Resources Development Concepts to generate a broader and more comprehensive understanding of the organizational behavior about a very specific problem—business education—in a very specific time of the COVID-19 crisis. The limits of the paper relate to the evolution of society itself; we do not know when the crisis will end, and we are not sure how much of the “new normal” will remain in the “post-COVID-19” situation. The topic and analysis are of interest for practitioners because daily, they experience how their reality changed and their need to adapt, yet they do not know how. This topic and analysis are also of interest to scholars because science is based on questions, explaining and providing ways to improve one’s reality. COVID-19 has shown us, dramatically and uniquely, the need for new solutions in times of peace.