Effect of Sorghum Grain and Propionic Acid Bacteria on Fermentation Pattern, Dry Matter Loss, and Aerobic Stability of Orange Pulp Silage

We aimed to evaluate nutritional quality, fermentation profile, aerobic stability, and dry matter losses in corn (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum 'BRS Umbu') silages. Treatments included uninoculated and inoculated (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, 1.0 × 105 UFC g-1) wheat silage, corn silage from a conventional hybrid and a transgenic hybrid. Nutritional quality and fermentation profile variables were tested in a completely randomized design. Means were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% significance. An aerobic stability trial was conducted in a factorial design with two silages (wheat × inoculated wheat; conventional hybrid corn × transgenic hybrid corn) and two temperatures (ambient temperature × controlled temperature at 24°C). Data were submitted to ANOVA and means were analyzed by the F test at 5% probability. Inoculation of wheat silage increased dry matter, organic matter, and total carbohydrates, but reduced crude protein by a dilution effect. Regarding the fermentation profile, inoculation reduced acetic acid and butyric acid content, whereas it increased propionic acid in wheat silage. Bt corn hybrid silage showed higher dry matter and lower neutral detergent fiber, whereas transgenic corn silage showed lower content of acetic acid, propionic acid, alcohol, and ammonia. Conversely, Bt hybrid silage showed higher butyric acid. Transgenic corn silage showed higher temperature than the conventional hybrid silage during aerobic exposure. Inoculated wheat silage experienced larger deterioration and dry matter losses during the aerobic stability trial. Temperature control worsened aerobic stability in all treatments, increasing dry matter losses and heating.

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Dry matter loss and nutritional composition of wet brewers grains ensiled with or without covering and with or without soybean hulls and propionic acid

The Professional Animal Scientist ◽

10.15232/pas.2015-01441 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 559-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P. Moriel ◽

L.F.A. Artioli ◽

M.H. Poore ◽

L.F. Ferraretto

Keyword(s):

Propionic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Soybean Hulls ◽

Dry Matter Loss

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Influence of Oxygen on Growth, Cytochrome Synthesis and Fermentation Pattern in Propionic Acid Bacteria

Journal of General Microbiology ◽

10.1099/00221287-71-3-515 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 515-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

W. DE VRIES ◽

W. M. C. VAN WIJCK-KAPTEIJN ◽

A. H. STOUTHAMER

Keyword(s):

Propionic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid Bacteria ◽

Fermentation Pattern

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Effect of 11CFT and 11C33 inoculants on the chemical and fermentation composition, and aerobic stability of corn silage during the feed out period

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p395 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 395-410

Author(s):

Tânia Mara Becher Ribas ◽

◽

Mikael Neumann ◽

Egon Henrique Horst ◽

Fernando Braga Cristo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Bacterial Inoculants ◽

Aerobic Stability

The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of two bacterial inoculants, 11CFT and 11C33, with different genera of lactic acid bacteria on the chemical and fermentation composition of the silage, and the temperature and pH behavior of the silage during the feed out period. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three treatments: corn silage without inoculant (control); corn silage with 11CFT inoculant (consisting of strains of Lactobacillus buchneri and L. casei); and corn silage with 11C33 inoculant (consisting of strains of L. buchneri, L. plantarum and Enterococcus faecium). The use of both inoculants increased the concentration of lactic acid in the silage (22.42 g kg-1 for control against 36.00 and 33.33 g kg-1 for 11CFT and 11C33, respectively) and reduced aerobic dry matter losses. The silage treated with 11C33 obtained a higher concentration of acetic acid (17.44 g kg-1) and propionic acid (2.08 g kg-1). The 11CFT inoculant provided a lower concentration of ethanol, however, without differing from the silage with 11C33 (0.70 and 1.61 g kg-1, respectively). Even without variations in temperature and pH at silage unloading, the use of the 11C33 inoculant generated a higher concentration of acetic and propionic acid, providing better aerobic stability days after unloading. Both inoculants also improved the in situ ruminal digestibility of corn silage compared to control silage. They provide an increase in the content of lactic and propionic acids, which assist to reduce dry matter losses and ethanol production. There were no variations in temperature and pH at the silo unloading, however, the use of the 11C33 inoculant generated a higher concentration of acetic and propionic acids providing better aerobic stability after exposure to air.

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Dry matter loss, fermentation profile, and aerobic stability of wet brewers grains ensiled with various amounts of dry ground corn

The Professional Animal Scientist ◽

10.15232/pas.2018-01761 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 642-648

Author(s):

L.F. Ferraretto ◽

T. Fernandes ◽

W.I. Silva Filho ◽

H. Sultana ◽

P. Moriel

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Loss ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Fermentation Profile ◽

Ground Corn

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Chemical composition, aerobic stability, and fermentation pattern of white oat silage wilted with glyphosate

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n3p971 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 971

Author(s):

Antonio Vinicius Iank Bueno ◽

Fernando Alberto Jacovaci ◽

Matheus Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽

Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽

João Luiz Pratti Daniel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Fermentation Pattern ◽

Silage Production ◽

High Buffer Capacity

White oat has good nutritional quality but is not an easy forage to ensile due to its high buffer capacity and moisture content at ensiling moment. Therefore, wilting is necessary to offset such negative aspects. However, this process demands skilled workforce and adequate machinery. In this way, chemical desiccation is a promising technology to reduce the steps needed for wilting. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of glyphosate as a chemical desiccant on the nutritional quality, fermentation pattern, losses, and aerobic stability of wilted white oat (Avena sativa) silages. White oat sowing occurred in the first fortnight of May 2013. Desiccant application took place when oat reached milky-dough grain stage (96 days after planting). Glyphosate doses evaluated were 0, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 mL ha?1. Three days after desiccation, all treatments were ensiled, and the silos were stored for 150 days. A completely randomized design was used, and all statistical procedures were performed by means of Bayesian Inference. No differences were found for lactic acid, but treated-silage pH linearly decreased. The lowest concentration of butyric acid (3.40 mg kg-1) was observed at 900.80 mL ha-1. For ammonia, the highest point (50 g kg-1) occurred at 916.51 mL ha-1. Aerobic stability was not influenced by treatments. Maximum dry matter recovery index (934 g kg-1) was observed at 864.20 mL ha-1 glyphosate. Wilted forage from treatments 500 mL ha-1, 750 mL ha-1, and 1000 mL ha-1 had greater dry matter content compared to control (320.1, 326, 301.3, and 270.7 g kg-1 respectively). Hemicellulose linearly decreased and crude protein linearly increased. The lowest concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (642.8 g kg-1) and neutral-detergent insoluble nitrogen (2.30 g kg-1) occurred at doses of 1141.32 mL ha-1 and 829.14 mL ha-1, respectively. In brief, for wilted white oat silage production, harvested at milky-dough grain stage, glyphosate application prior to ensiling up to 1000 mL ha-1 led to better conservation compared to non-treated silage.

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Rumen degradation of straw. 7. Effects of chemical pre-treatment and addition of propionic acid on degradation characteristics of botanical fractions barley stra treated with a cellulase preparation

Animal Production ◽

10.1017/s0003356100004062 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 543-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Y. Nakashima ◽

E. R. Ørskov

Keyword(s):

Propionic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Bacterial Activity ◽

Barley Straw ◽

B Values ◽

Rumen Degradation ◽

Dry Matter Loss ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Pre Treatment

ABSTRACTFour experiments were carried out to measure the effects of exposure to a cellulase preparation on the degradation characteristics of whole barley straw and its botanical fractions. The effect of chemical pre-treatment (NaOH and H2O2) on treatment with a cellulase preparation and the addition of propionic acid to inhibit loss of dry matter were also studied during the fermentation of ensiled straws. Samples of each preparation were incubated in polyester bags in the rumens of three sheep to estimate degradability. The data were described using the equationp = a + b (1—ec) where p is degradability at time t and a, b and c are constants.The pH of ensiled straw was consistently decreased (P < 0·01) and the solubility increased (P < 0·01) by treatment with a cellulase preparation and by increasing the period of ensiling. The b values were decreased by increasing the length of the ensiling period (F < 0·01). The increase in the solubility of the treated botanical fractions was particularly apparent for the leaf blades, followed by leaf sheath, with the internodes being least affected (P < 0·01). However, treatment with a cellulase preparation had little or no effect in increasing the potential degradability (a + b) of any botanical fraction. The degradability of the whole plant and botanical fractions of straw increased (P < 0·01) with NaOH treatment and was further improved (P < 0·01) by alkaline H2O2 treatment. The increase was greater in internodes than in leaf sheath (P < 0·01). Treatment with a cellulase preparation and chemical pre-treatment had little or no effect on the 48-h dry-matter loss (DML) and the (a + b) values, but it increased (P < 0·01) the a values and solubility.DML from straw treated with a cellulase preparation during fermentation decreased (P < 0·01) from about 60 to less than 10 g/kg with 30 g propionic acid added per kg straw to inhibit bacterial activity. The decreased fermentation loss was reflected in an increase in the 48-h DML and potential (a + b) values of straw treated with a cellulase preparation.

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COMPARISON OF SIX COMMERCIAL HAY PRESERVATIVES UNDER SIMULATED STORAGE CONDITIONS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas88-135 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 1195-1207 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

V. S. BARON ◽

G. G. GREER

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Sodium Sulphate ◽

Aerobic Bacteria ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Mould Growth ◽

Dry Matter Loss

Rehydrated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay was used to test the effectiveness of six commercial hay additives in the laboratory. The additives were designated B1 (live bacterial culture, protease and cellulose enzymes) P1 (67% propionic acid partly neutralized with ammonia) R2 (25% propionic acid and unspecified amounts of other organic acids and flavorings), S (92% sodium sulphate), P3 (19% propionic acid and unspecified amounts of other organic acids and flavorings) and B2 (12% lactic acid and fermentation extract). The additives were assessed on their ability to prevent deterioration in in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), heating and mould growth, loss of dry matter and associated parameters at hay moistures ranging from 15 to 35% moisture with additive rates specified by the manufacturer. After 21 d of storage and at all moisture levels P1 (1.25% wt wt−1) maintained IVDOM and most other parameters at levels similar (P ≤ 0.05) to an unspoiled Control at 15% moisture. P2 (0.2% wt wt−1) reduced heating and mould growth and maintained IVDOM to the levels of unspoiled hay up to 25% moisture. P3 (0.3% wt wt−1) provided slight improvements in IVDOM up to 25% moisture, but did not prevent heating. S (0.1% wt wt−1) limited dry matter loss at 20% moisture. Alfalfa hays treated with B1 (0.1% wt wt−1) or B2 (80 or 100 mL t−1 of dry matter) were not different from the control hay for any parameters. At 25% moisture B1 and B2 did not affect the growth of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria or moulds while P1 inhibited the growth of moulds and aerobic bacteria. Based primarily on maintaining consistently high IVDOM at ≥ 25% moisture the order of effectiveness was P1 > P2 = P3 > S = B1 = B2. The slight effects of P2 and P3 on IVDOM may not be evident in the field. Key words: Rehydrated alfalfa hay, in vitro digestibility, microbial changes

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Use of by-products in a total mixed ration silage

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6supl2p3473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽

pp. 3473-3480

Author(s):

Daison Henrique Marocco ◽

◽

Patrick Favero ◽

Rodrigo Guralski ◽

Clovisnei Basi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Soybean Hulls ◽

Product Availability ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Orange Pulp ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

By Products

The objective of this study was to evaluated fermentation losses and silage quality with the addition of different by-products in TMR. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments: Control (CTL, with hay, corn silage, cracked corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and minerals); CTL plus the addition of fresh orange pulp (FOP); CTL plus soybean hulls (SBH) or CTL plus wet brewery wastes (WBW), with six replicates. The ingredients were mixed and ensiled in 24 PVC experimental silos. After 56 days of ensiling, fermentation losses (effluents, dry matter and gases), and the TMR silage pH and chemical composition were analyzed; aerobic stability was evaluated over seven days after the silos were opened. Lower dry matter (P ? 0.0001) was observed in TMR ensiled with wet (WBW and FOP) compared to dry (SBH) by-products. Greater ADF (P = 0.031) was observed in SBH when compared to others by-products. WBW and FOP increased dry matter (P ? 0.0001) and effluent losses (P ? 0.0001) when compared to CTL and SBH. SBH treatment remained stable after 176-hour, which differ (P = 0.0015) compared with the other treatments (range from 94.5 to 99 hours of exposure to air). The density (kg DM/m3) changed (P ? 0.0001) among treatments. The inclusion of SBH in TMR silages had the greatest density, followed by CTL, WBW and FOP. The density was negatively correlated with DM losses ( r= - 0,81; P ? 0.0001). The pH differ (P = 0.003) among treatments. Highest pH of TMR silage was observed for SBH (3,67) and the lowest (3,56) for FOP. Soybean hulls successful improved aerobic stability and density, whereas aerobic stability and density were decreased and fermentation losses increased when fresh orange pulp and wet brewery were used. Little effects on chemical composition were observed, thereby agro-industrial by-products can be used in TMR silages as long as there is adequate product availability and pricing.

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