Nutritional composition and aerobic stability of wheat and corn silages stored under different environmental conditions

We aimed to evaluate nutritional quality, fermentation profile, aerobic stability, and dry matter losses in corn (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum 'BRS Umbu') silages. Treatments included uninoculated and inoculated (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, 1.0 × 105 UFC g-1) wheat silage, corn silage from a conventional hybrid and a transgenic hybrid. Nutritional quality and fermentation profile variables were tested in a completely randomized design. Means were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% significance. An aerobic stability trial was conducted in a factorial design with two silages (wheat × inoculated wheat; conventional hybrid corn × transgenic hybrid corn) and two temperatures (ambient temperature × controlled temperature at 24°C). Data were submitted to ANOVA and means were analyzed by the F test at 5% probability. Inoculation of wheat silage increased dry matter, organic matter, and total carbohydrates, but reduced crude protein by a dilution effect. Regarding the fermentation profile, inoculation reduced acetic acid and butyric acid content, whereas it increased propionic acid in wheat silage. Bt corn hybrid silage showed higher dry matter and lower neutral detergent fiber, whereas transgenic corn silage showed lower content of acetic acid, propionic acid, alcohol, and ammonia. Conversely, Bt hybrid silage showed higher butyric acid. Transgenic corn silage showed higher temperature than the conventional hybrid silage during aerobic exposure. Inoculated wheat silage experienced larger deterioration and dry matter losses during the aerobic stability trial. Temperature control worsened aerobic stability in all treatments, increasing dry matter losses and heating.

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Effect of 11CFT and 11C33 inoculants on the chemical and fermentation composition, and aerobic stability of corn silage during the feed out period

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p395 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 395-410

Author(s):

Tânia Mara Becher Ribas ◽

◽

Mikael Neumann ◽

Egon Henrique Horst ◽

Fernando Braga Cristo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Bacterial Inoculants ◽

Aerobic Stability

The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of two bacterial inoculants, 11CFT and 11C33, with different genera of lactic acid bacteria on the chemical and fermentation composition of the silage, and the temperature and pH behavior of the silage during the feed out period. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three treatments: corn silage without inoculant (control); corn silage with 11CFT inoculant (consisting of strains of Lactobacillus buchneri and L. casei); and corn silage with 11C33 inoculant (consisting of strains of L. buchneri, L. plantarum and Enterococcus faecium). The use of both inoculants increased the concentration of lactic acid in the silage (22.42 g kg-1 for control against 36.00 and 33.33 g kg-1 for 11CFT and 11C33, respectively) and reduced aerobic dry matter losses. The silage treated with 11C33 obtained a higher concentration of acetic acid (17.44 g kg-1) and propionic acid (2.08 g kg-1). The 11CFT inoculant provided a lower concentration of ethanol, however, without differing from the silage with 11C33 (0.70 and 1.61 g kg-1, respectively). Even without variations in temperature and pH at silage unloading, the use of the 11C33 inoculant generated a higher concentration of acetic and propionic acid, providing better aerobic stability days after unloading. Both inoculants also improved the in situ ruminal digestibility of corn silage compared to control silage. They provide an increase in the content of lactic and propionic acids, which assist to reduce dry matter losses and ethanol production. There were no variations in temperature and pH at the silo unloading, however, the use of the 11C33 inoculant generated a higher concentration of acetic and propionic acids providing better aerobic stability after exposure to air.

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Do re-ensiling time and application of Lactobacillus buchneri alter the characteristics of sugarcane silage?

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859620000751 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (5) ◽

pp. 438-446

Author(s):

E. F. S. Faria ◽

T. C. da Silva ◽

D. dos S. Pina ◽

E. M. Santos ◽

M. L. G. M. L. de Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Repeated Measure Design ◽

Air Exposure ◽

Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Measure Design ◽

Fermentation Profile ◽

Set Up

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the effects of re-ensiling time and Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages. The experiment was set up as a repeated measure design consisting of four air-exposure periods (EP)(0, 6, 12, and 24 h) microbial additive (A) (L. buchneri; or lack of there), with five replicates. Sugarcane was ground through a stationary forage chopper and ensiled in four plastic drums of 200-L capacity. After 210 days of storage, the drums were opened and half of the silage mass was treated with L. buchneri at the concentration of 105 cfu/g of forage. Subsequently, the silages were divided into stacks. The re-ensiling process was started immediately, at 0, 6, 12 and 24-hour intervals, by transferring the material to PVC mini-silos. Silos were opened after 120 days of re-ensiling. The use of L. buchneri reduced butyrate concentration but did not change ethanol or acetic acid concentrations and aerobic stability. An interaction effect between L. buchneri and re-ensiling time was observed for dry matter (DM) losses and composition. Lactobacillus buchneri is not effective in improving aerobic stability in re-ensiled sugarcane silages. However, less DM is lost in silages treated with L. buchneri and exposed to air for 24 h. Re-ensiling sugar cane in up to 24 h of exposure to air does not change final product quality.

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Fermentation profile and nutritional quality of silages composed of cactus pear and maniçoba for goat feeding

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859620000581 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (4) ◽

pp. 304-312

Author(s):

A. G. S. Matias ◽

G. G. L. Araujo ◽

F. S. Campos ◽

S. A. Moraes ◽

G. C. Gois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Water Balance ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Water Intake ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Total Water ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

Fermentation Profile

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the fermentation profile and nutritional quality of silages composed of cactus pear and maniçoba. Two experiments were performed: the first evaluated the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and determined the organic acids in cactus pear silages with the inclusion of five levels of maniçoba (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in six opening times (1, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days). The second experiment determined the nutrient intake, digestibility, water balance and nitrogen balance in Canindé goats fed diets based on cactus pear silage with the inclusion of four levels of maniçoba (25, 50, 75 and 100%), with six animals per treatment. The increase in maniçoba levels in cactus pear silage provided a linear increase in the butyric acid, dry matter (DM), ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, water intake via drinking fountain and metabolic water, and reduced the pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, mineral matter, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, water intake via food, total water intake, water excreted in the faeces, water excreted in the urine, total water excretion and water balance. Quadratic behaviour was observed for N-NH3, DM recovery and propionic acid, with an increase in maniçoba levels in cactus pear silages. Regarding the different opening times, there was a significant effect in pH, N-NH3, acetic acid, lactic acid and butyric acid (P < 0.050). The inclusion of maniçoba in cactus pear silage improved the fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality to be used in diets for goats.

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Lentilactobacillus hilgardii Inoculum, Dry Matter Contents at Harvest and Length of Conservation Affect Fermentation Characteristics and Aerobic Stability of Corn Silage

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.675563 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Ferrero ◽

Ernesto Tabacco ◽

Giorgio Borreani

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Microbial Count ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Fermentation Quality ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Silage Inoculant ◽

Positive Effect

Heterofermentative Lentilactobacillus hilgardii isolated from sugarcane silage, has recently been proposed as a silage inoculant to increase aerobic stability. Various conditions can influence the activity of LAB and their ability to alter silage quality (e.g., DM content and length of conservation). The aim of this study has been to evaluate the effect of L. hilgardii on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of whole crop corn silage with different DM contents (from 26 to 45%), conserved for various conservation lengths (13–272 days). The silages were analyzed for their DM content, pH, fermentative profile, microbial count, and aerobic stability. L. hilgardii showed a positive effect on improving the aerobic stability of silages, due its ability to produce acetic acid, and reduced the yeast count. The acetic acid content increased as the conservation period increased and decreased as the DM content increased. The yeast count was reduced during conservation in a DM dependent manner and the inoculation with LH determined a reduction in the count of 0.48 log cfu/g. The aerobic stability increased as the conservation period increased, and the treatment with LH on average increased the aerobic stability by 19 h. The results of this experiment suggest that higher aerobic stability could be achieved in corn silages by ensiling at medium or low DM contents, or by increasing the length of conservation if a higher DM content at ensiling is needed. The inoculation with LH helps to improve the aerobic stability of corn silages by reducing the yeast count.

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Effects of Microbial Inoculation and Storage Length on Fermentation Profile and Nutrient Composition of Whole-Plant Sorghum Silage of Different Varieties

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.660567 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

E. Cole Diepersloot ◽

Matheus R. Pupo ◽

Lucas G. Ghizzi ◽

Jessica O. Gusmão ◽

Celso Heinzen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Sweet Sorghum ◽

Microbial Inoculation ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Fermentation Profile ◽

Sorghum Sudangrass ◽

Sorghum Silage ◽

And Storage

This study aimed to assess the effects of a heterofermentative microbial inoculant and storage length on fermentation profile, aerobic stability, and nutrient composition in whole-plant sorghum silage (WPSS) from different varieties. Experiment 1, a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement, evaluated microbial inoculation [CON (50 mL distilled water) or LBLD (Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 21762, L. buchneri DSM 12856, and L. diolivorans DSM 32074; 300,000 CFU/g of fresh forage)] and storage length (14, 28, or 56 d) in forage WPSS. The LBLD silage had lower pH compared to CON, and greater concentrations of succinic acid, ethanol, 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD), 1-propanol, 2,3-butanediol and total acids. After 56 d, lactic acid concentration was greater for CON, while acetic acid and aerobic stability were greater in LBLD silage. Experiment 2, a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement, evaluated effects of microbial inoculation (same as experiment 1) and storage length (14, 28, or 56 d) in WPSS of three varieties [forage sorghum (Mojo Seed, OPAL, Hereford, TX), sorghum-sudangrass (Dyna-gro Seed, Fullgraze II, Loveland, CO, United States), or sweet sorghum (MAFES Foundation Seed Stocks, Dale, MS State, MS)]. The LBLD forage sorghum had greater acetic acid and 1,2-PD concentrations at 56 d and 28 d, respectively, but lower concentrations of propionic acid at 56 d and butyric acid at 14 and 28 d. Additionally, WSC concentration was greater for CON than LBLD at 28 d. Furthermore, CON sweet sorghum had greater lactic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid concentrations. However, greater acetic acid and 1,2-PD were observed for LBLD sweet sorghum. The CON sweet sorghum had greater concentration of WSC and yeast counts. The CON sorghum sudangrass had greater lactic and butyric acid concentrations than LBLD at 14 d, but lower acetic acid and 1,2-PD concentrations at 56 d. Yeast counts were greater for CON than LBLD sorghum sudangrass silage. Overall, results indicate inoculation of WPSS with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 21762, L. buchneri DSM 12856, and L. diolivorans DSM 32074 improves heterofermentative co-fermentation allowing the accumulation of acetic acid concentration and increasing antifungal capacities and aerobic stability of WPSS.

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Effect of Various Strains of Lactobacillus buchneri on the Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability of Corn Silage

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture12010095 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Mariele Nascimento Agarussi ◽

Odilon Pereira ◽

Leandro da Silva ◽

Vanessa da Silva ◽

Rosinea de Paula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Production Systems ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Acetic Acid Production ◽

Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Wild Strains ◽

Fermentation Profile

The aerobic deterioration of silage nutrients is inevitable in tropical countries, causing negative consequences in animal production systems. Aiming to minimize the losses, the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri strains on fermentation profile and aerobic stability of corn silages were evaluated. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with 13 treatments and three replicates. The treatments were noninoculated, commercial L. buchneri (CI), and 11 wild strains of L. buchneri: LB-56.1, LB-56.2, LB-56.4, LB-56.7, LB-56.8, LB-56.9, LB-56.21, LB-56.22, LB-56.25, LB-56.26, and LB-56.27. The treatments could be divided into three different groups according to silage pH and acetic acid concentration. Silages inoculated with LB-56.1, LB-56.4, and LB-56.9 presented higher pH, whereas intermediate values were observed for LB-56.2, LB-56.7, and LB-56.8. The highest acetic acid production was observed for LB-56.1 and LB-56.7. On the other hand, lowest concentrations were found for CI, LB-56.22, LB-56.25, LB-56.26, and LB-56.27. Higher amounts of NH3–N were observed for LB-56.8, LB-56.21, LB-56.22, and LB-56.27 silages than others. Silage inoculation with CI, LB-56.1, LB-56.2, LB-56.4, LB-56.8, LB-56.9, and LB-56.25 strains had higher aerobic stability than others (59.7 vs. 41.2 h). The L. buchneri strains LB-56.1, LB-56.2, LB-56.4, LB-56.8, LB-56.9, and LB-56.25 provided potential features to improve the aerobic stability of corn silage.

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The effects of three silage inoculants on aerobic stability in grass, clover-grass, lucerne and maize silages

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.6698 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jonas Jatkauskas ◽

Vilma Vrotniakiene ◽

Christer Ohlsson ◽

Bente Lund

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Red Clover ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Silage Inoculants

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on fermentation and aerobic stability in a variety of crops and dry matter concentrations. The experiments were conducted with lucerne, ryegrass, ryegrass-timothy, red clover-ryegrass and whole crop maize using three additives in laboratory scale conditions. Each treatment and crop was replicated 5 five times when determining the chemical composition and aerobic stability in the silage. The data were statistically analyzed as a randomized complete block by using the GLM procedure of SAS. Additive application reduced pH and formation of butyric acid, alcohols and ammonia-N in all crops compared with the untreated silage (p < 0.05). The use of additives increased the content of lactic acid except heterofermentative LAB in maize with 276 g kg-1 DM and increased the content of acetic acid except homofermentative LAB in ryegrass-timothy and maize with 276 g kg-1 DM compared with the untreated silage (p < 0.05). It was observed that the aerobic stability of silages was improved significantly (p < 0.05) by using homofermentative and heterofermentative LAB inoculants.

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Screening of High 1,2-Propanediol Production by Lactobacillus buchneri Strains and Their Effects on Fermentation Characteristics and Aerobic Stability of Whole-Plant Corn Silage

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11070590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 590

Author(s):

Zhipeng Huang ◽

Musen Wang ◽

Wencan Ke ◽

Xusheng Guo

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Reference Strain ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Acetic Acid Production ◽

Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Fermentation Quality ◽

Alfalfa Silage

The study was conducted to screen high 1,2-propanediol produced by Lactobacillus buchneri strains, isolated from baled silages stored for 1 or 2 years, and to evaluate their effects on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage. In total, 31 L. buchneri strains were isolated from alfalfa, whole-plant corn and oat silages. Based on growth performance and 1,2-propanediol and acetic acid production, two strains, L. buchneri 9-2 and L. buchneri 10-1, from alfalfa silage, were further assessed in an ensiling trial on whole-plant corn. The corn silage inoculated with L. buchneri 9-2 or L. buchneri 10-1 had a higher concentration of 1,2-propanediol (34.7 or 34.6 g/kg dry matter (DM)) and acetic acid (47.2 or 45.9 g/kg DM) in comparison with L. buchneri 40788 (reference strain) treated silage (19.5 and 35.9 g/kg DM) after 90 d of fermentation. In addition, these two strains performed better in improving silage aerobic stability relative to control and L. buchneri 40788. The results above indicated that L. buchneri 9-2 and L. buchneri 10-1 could be candidate strains to increase 1,2-propanediol and acetic acid concentrations and improve the aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage.

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Effects of the Forage Type and Chop Length of Ramie Silage on the Composition of Ruminal Microbiota in Black Goats

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9040177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 177

Author(s):

Shengnan Sun ◽

Zhenping Hou ◽

Qiuzhong Dai ◽

Duanqin Wu

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Relative Proportion ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Silage Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Quality ◽

Ruminal Microbiota ◽

Forage Type ◽

Optimal Quality

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the forage type and chop length of ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.) silage on rumen fermentation and ruminal microbiota in black goats. Sixteen Liuyang black goats (22.35 ± 2.16 kg) were fed with the roughage of corn silage or ramie silage at chop lengths of 1, 2, or 3 cm. The Chao 1 index and the observed number of microbial species differed significantly between the corn and ramie silage groups (p < 0.05); however, Firmicutes (relative proportion: 34.99–56.68%), Bacteroidetes (27.41–47.73%), and Proteobacteria (1.44–3.92%) were the predominant phyla in both groups. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia (0.32–0.82%) was lowest for the 2 and 3 cm chop lengths (p < 0.05) and was negatively correlated with rumen pH and propionic acid concentration (p < 0.05), but positively correlated with the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (p < 0.05). The ramie silage fermentation quality was highest for the 1 cm chop length, suggesting that moderate chopping produces optimal quality silage.

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