Determination of Retinol, Antioxidant Vitamins and Homocysteine in Skin Puncture Blood

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhardt ◽  
Heinrich ◽  
Biesalski
Keyword(s):  
Mass Screening ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Precolumn Derivatization ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

For determination of the vitamin status via mass screening, simple and rapid methods are required. Additionally, blood samples should be obtained using simple and low invasive sampling techniques. To fulfill this existing methods have been modified to analyze retinol, tocopherols, beta-carotene, vitamin C and homocysteine in 20 mul plasma. Blood samples were obtained via skin punctures. HPLC measurements were carried out with isocratic separation and precolumn derivatization. Intra and interday variation coefficients were below 8% and regression coefficients better than 0.99 for all measurements. The difference between venous and capillary samples were < 5%. In conclusion, the methods employed proved satisfactory for the determination of important nutritional parameters in blood samples obtained via skin punctures. These methods are therefore well suited for mass screening, especially under field conditions in developing countries.

3-Methylhistidine determined in plasma by "high-performance" lipid chromatography

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
H M van Eijk ◽  
N E Deutz ◽  
A J Wagenmakers ◽  
P B Soeters
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Precolumn Derivatization ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
The Difference

Abstract In this fully automated method for determination of 3-methylhistidine (3MH) in plasma we use precolumn derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and subsequent separation by HPLC. Total analysis time is 36 min, and peak areas measured vary linearly with the amount of analyte injected, over the range of 0 to 20 pmol of 3MH (R2 = 0.995), with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.6%. The method is reliable, accurate, inexpensive, and at least 1000-fold more sensitive than conventional ion-exchange chromatography with ninhydrin. Because of its sensitivity, the method can be used to estimate venous-arterial differences. In four human volunteers the plasma 3MH concentration varied between 4.97 and 6.08 mumol/L, and the difference between "arterialized" and femoral venous blood for 3MH varied between 0.09 and 0.47 mumol/L.

scholarly journals Sheep pestivirus in Morocco: sero-epidemiological and molecular study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ouafaa Fassi Fihri ◽  
Noâma Jammar ◽  
Nadia Amrani ◽  
Ikhlass El Berbri ◽  
Said Alali
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Border Disease ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
The Difference

The present study is the first to investigate Border disease caused by the sheep pestivirus (SPV) in sheep herds in Morocco. Sero-epidemiological investigations were carried out in six regions of the Kingdom, known as important in terms of sheep breeding. A total of 760 blood samples were collected including aborted ewes from 28 randomly selected farms. The samples were analysed, for the determination of anti-pestivirus antibodies, using indirect ELISA technique. Next, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was conducted on serologically negative samples to identify possible persistently infected (PI) animals, through detection of specific RNA fragment. The results revealed an overall SPV seroprevalence in studied areas of 28.9%. The difference in seroprevalence between the six investigated regions was not statistically significant (p>0.05) and varied slightly from 20.9% to 37.5%. Furthermore, 93% of investigated farms were affected with an average seroprevalence of 22.7% (with a variation of 1%–74%). RT-PCR results were all negative, indicating the absence of PI animals in the tested samples. Nevertheless, the present study revealed that SPV is endemic in Morocco.

Enzymic evaluation of thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxine status of parturient women and their newborn infants

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Bamji
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
Stimulation Tests ◽  
Better Than

1. Thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxine status of ‘low-income-group’ mothers and their newborn infants was assessed by analysing paired samples of maternal and umbilical cord blood for erythrocyte transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) (ETK), erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) (EGR), and erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) (EAA) activities..2. The vitamin status of the infants was better than that of the mothers..3. Most of the mothers and some of the infants had biochemical evidence of thiamin and riboflavin defciency..4. The pregnant women had a higher EAA activity and also higher stimulation with pyridoxal-5-phosphate than the non-pregnant women of the same community..5. There was a significant correlation between maternal and umblical blood samples for ETK and EGR activities, but not for EAA activity or any of the coenzyme stimulation tests.

Influence of organic and conventional pasture management on the beta-carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol status of steers

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 190-190
Author(s):  
T. Acamovic ◽  
N. Tolla ◽  
J.R. Scaife ◽  
D. Younie
Keyword(s):  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Better Than

In recent years there has been an increasing trend in the UK to develop low input (organic) systems for the production of agricultural commodities such as meat, milk and milk products, grains, vegetables and fruits. This trend is driven by a combination of consumer demand, environmental concerns and premium payments for such produce. There is also a consumer presumption that produce obtained ‘organically’ and animals reared under organic regimes are more natural and thus ‘better’ than products produced using more intensive systems. In the case of cattle there is evidence (Younie and Halliday, unpublished data) that animals grazed on ‘organic’ pasture perform less well and tend to be less healthy than their counterparts fed conventionally. To maintain ‘organic’ status essential micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals cannot be supplied from synthetic mineral and vitamin premixes. It is well documented that the fat soluble vitamins and their precursors are important factors in maintaining the nutritional and immune status of animals as well as the storage properties of meat. (Bendich, 1989, 1991, Ranken, 1989). The purpose of the work was to assess the fat soluble vitamin status of extensive and intensive pastures and the effect of grazing these on the blood levels in steers.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Hydrogenotrophic Denitrification in up and down Flow Reactors

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Rabin Maharjan ◽  
Iswar Man Amatya ◽  
Ram Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Total Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tin Removal ◽  
Better Than

Use of ground water containing ammonical nitrogen has been increasing in Kathmandu valley. The use of locally and cheaply fitted Hydrogenotrophic Denitrification (HD) has been taken as an effective way to remove the nitrates in this study. Comparative analysis of HD reactors had been studied for the determination of the effective flow direction of water as Up Flow or Down Flow. The result reviled that flow direction as Down Flow HD reactor performed slightly better than Up Flow HD reactor. The maximum NO3-N conversion reached 100% for Down Flow and 98.65% for Up Flow reactor with maximum of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removed were 41.11% and 33.89% for Down Flow and Up Flow reactor respectively. The difference in NO3-N conversion and TIN removal were observed. As the NO2-N was accumulated, suggesting NO3 conversion is higher than NO2 conversion thus, and majorly incomplete denitrification existed. The NO2-N in water reached to maximum of 78.89 mg/l and 72.55 mg/l for Down Flow and Up Flow rector.

scholarly journals The Relationship between ELISA and HI Tests for Determination the Antibodies of Rubbela

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 771-74
Author(s):  
Layla Fouad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

The study includes (44) blood samples were vaccinated with MMR vaccine. The IgM antibodies of Rubbela Virus were measured by HI test, 22 samples were positive and 22 were negative. These samples were tested by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay ELISA test to determine the relationship between them. The results showed that ELISA test was more sensitivities than Haemagglutination inhibition HI test in determination of rubella specific antibodies, so it is better than HI test in measuring the immune-status of individuals vaccinated with rubella vaccine and there was a positive relationship between ELISA test and HI test and was detected (r= 0.585).

scholarly journals Newborn Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism-Clinical Evaluation and Comparison of Two Different Test Kits for the Determination of TSH in Dried Blood Samples on Two Different Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ralph Fingerhut
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Newborn screening (NBS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) started in the 1970s, with the introduction of radioimmuno assays (RIA) for the measurement of thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). With the development of sensitive enzyme immune assays (EIA, FIA, FEIA), RIAs were replaced in the newborn screening laboratories. With the increasing number of analytes and centralization of NBS, there is a growing demand of total automation. In the course of method validation, two fully automated platforms for the determination of TSH in dried blood samples (DBS) were compared. The GSP from PerkinElmer (PE), and the NS2400 from Labsystems (LDx), together with the recommended test kits from both manufacturers. Both systems showed good performance, with recoveries, of 103.0% (LDx) and 98.5% (PE), and CVs for intra and interassay variations at various concentrations, between 4.3 and 15.7. Both assays had a good correlation (r2 = 0.8814). With LDx/NS2400 platform, TSH values were in the mean 2.09 mU/L higher; however, the difference of both results from the mean was within ±2 SD, up to 30 mU/L, and only for values above 50 mU/L did the difference become bigger. However, this has no influence on the clinical interpretation. No false negative results were observed with either of the two platforms. TSH results obtained with the LDx/NS2400 were slightly higher than those obtained with the PE/GSP; however, the recall rate was lower: 0.059% compared to 0.063%. This can be explained by the much narrower distribution of TSH values. In conclusion, both platforms are equally suitable for medium and large NBS laboratories. However, due to the more open structure the LDx/NS2400 platform has a lot of advantages compared to the totally closed PE/GSP platform.

A comparison of two techniques used to estimate the herbage intake of lactating dairy cows in a grazing experiment

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stockdale ◽  
K. R. King
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

Herbage intake by grazing dairy cows can be estimated by measurements on the pasture ('t Mannetje, 1978) or by measurements on the animal (Raymond, 1969; Corbett, 1978). Of the sward sampling techniques, the difference method, based on pre- and post-grazing sampling, has the greatest potential for providing valid estimates of herbage intake, but only when grazing periods are short and stocking densities are relatively high (Pigden & Minson, 1969). Estimates of intake by measurements on the animal are made by the faecal output-indigestibility ratio technique (Raymond, 1969; Corbett, 1978). The most widely used marker for the determination of faecal output is chromic oxide (Cr2O3).

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Removal of inelastically scattered electrons substantially increases phase contrast on frozen-hydrated molecules

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 652-653
Author(s):  
John P. Langmore ◽  
Brian D. Athey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Although electron diffraction indicates better than 0.3nm preservation of biological structure in vitreous ice, the imaging of molecules in ice is limited by low contrast. Thus, low-dose images of frozen-hydrated molecules have significantly more noise than images of air-dried or negatively-stained molecules. We have addressed the question of the origins of this loss of contrast. One unavoidable effect is the reduction in scattering contrast between a molecule and the background. In effect, the difference in scattering power between a molecule and its background is 2-5 times less in a layer of ice than in vacuum or negative stain. A second, previously unrecognized, effect is the large, incoherent background of inelastic scattering from the ice. This background reduces both scattering and phase contrast by an additional factor of about 3, as shown in this paper. We have used energy filtration on the Zeiss EM902 in order to eliminate this second effect, and also increase scattering contrast in bright-field and dark-field.

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