Die Globale Strategie zur Reduktion schädlichen Alkoholkonsums:

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Global Strategy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Member States ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm ◽  
Harmful Use Of Alcohol ◽  
Per Capita Consumption ◽  
Related Harm

Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol: First Step towards an Alcohol Framework Convention? English Summary: At the 61st World Health Assembly, the 193 member states discussed and ratified the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Firstly, 10 target areas have been identified within the strategy and alcohol policy should be structured according to these areas. The contribution of Anderson (2011) discusses these target areas with respect to supporting empirical evidence and policy implications. The final target area is Monitoring and Surveillance, and the other two contributions fall under this topic. Shield, Rehm, Patra & Rehm (2011) provide an overview of worldwide adult per capita consumption. Per capita consumption is associated indirectly to alcohol-related harm: as higher consumption generally leads to more harm, but the level of association varies according to economic indicators. Countries with lower GDP PPP experience more harm as they have more risks associated to alcohol such as infectious diseases like tuberculosis and/or a less developed health care system. The last contribution to this topic focuses solely on Germany and includes both health as well as social consequences ( Kraus, Piontek, Pabst & Bühringer, 2011 ). It needs to be recognized that the global strategy contains merely suggestions that are not binding to any of the member states. It is not yet shown whether this strategy is enough to combat the rising global alcohol-related harm and there have been suggestions to adopt a more binding form of international arrangement such as the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control.

Global and Country Specific Adult per capita Consumption of Alcohol, 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Shield ◽  
Maximillien Rehm ◽  
Jaydeep Patra ◽  
Bundit Sornpaisarn ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Harmful Use Of Alcohol ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

Aims: Alcohol is a substantial risk factor for mortality and the burden of disease globally. In accordance with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol, we estimated recorded, unrecorded, tourist, and total adult per capita consumption by country and WHO sub-region for 2008, and characterized the association between per capita consumption of alcohol and gross domestic product (GDP-PPP) per capita. Methods: Using data from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health database ( World Health Organization, 2010 a) and the 2005 Global Burden of Disease study ( Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2010 ) on adult per capita consumption of alcohol, we estimated recorded adult per capita consumption for 2008 through time series analyses for 189 countries within WHO sub-regions, and then from these estimates calculated recorded adult per capita consumption estimates for each of the WHO sub-regions. Estimates for populations were obtained for 2008 from the United Nations Populations Division. 2008 GDP-PPP data by country (N = 178) were obtained from the International Monetary Fund. Results: Adult per capita consumption of alcohol in 2008 is estimated to have been 6.04 litres (95 % CI: 4.43 to 7.65). This can be broken down into 4.39 l (95 % CI: 3.72 to 4.86) of recorded per capita consumption of alcohol, 1.75 l (95 %CI: 0.25 to 3.25) of unrecorded per capita consumption of alcohol, and 0.00 l (95 %CI: 0.00 to 0.129) per capita consumption of alcohol consumed by tourists. Adult per capita consumption was highest for the European regions and lowest for the Eastern Mediterranean region. Total adult per capita consumption of alcohol showed an increase as GDP-PPP increased until approximately 15,000 international dollars of GDP-PPP per capita. Recorded consumption showed a general increase with GDP-PPP. Unrecorded consumption showed a U-shaped association with GDP-PPP per capita, with countries with the lowest and highest GDP-PPPs per capita having the lowest unrecorded adult per capita consumption of alcohol. Conclusions: In accordance with the WHO’s global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol, we present estimates of the recorded, unrecorded, tourist, and total adult per capita alcohol consumption for 189 countries and the 14 WHO sub-regions. Accurate and up-to-date estimates of alcohol consumption are imperative for monitoring and developing effective strategies to control the large and increasing global alcohol-attributable burden of disease and injury.

scholarly journals A Framing Analysis of Consultation Submissions on the WHO Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol: Values and Interests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Rinaldi ◽  
May CI van Schalkwyk ◽  
Matt Egan ◽  
Mark Petticrew
Keyword(s):  
Global Strategy ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
World Health ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Member States ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Harmful Use Of Alcohol ◽  
Policy Solutions

Background: In response to the magnitude of harms caused by alcohol, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol (GAS) was endorsed in 2010. We analysed submissions to the 2019 WHO consultation on the implementation of the GAS to identify how different stakeholders frame alcohol use and control; and to assess how stakeholders engage with the consultation process, with possibly harmful consequences for public health policy. Methods: All submissions from WHO Member States, international organisations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), academic institutions and private sector entities were identified and used as data for an inductive framing analysis. This involved close reading and data familiarisation, thematic coding and identifying emergent framings. Through the analysis of texts, framing analysis can give insights into the values and interests of stakeholders. Because framing influences how issues are conceptualised and addressed, framing analysis is a useful tool to study policy-making processes. Results: We identified 161 unique submissions and seven attachments. Emerging frames were grouped according to their function: defining the problem, assigning causation, proposing solutions, or justifying and persuading. Submissions varied in terms of the framing they deployed and how this was presented, eg, how the problem was defined. Proposed policy solutions also varied. Targeted solutions emphasising individual responsibility tended to be supported by industry and some Member States. Calls for universal regulation and global mobilisation often came from NGOs and academia. Stakeholders drew on evidence and specific value systems to support the adoption of certain problem and solution ideas and to oppose competing framing. Conclusion: Alcohol control is a contested policy field in which different stakeholders use framing to set the agenda and influence what policy solutions are considered legitimate. WHO should consider which interests are served by these different framings and how to weigh different stakeholders in the consultation process.

scholarly journals Alcohol Toolkit: Empowering Sabah Indigenous Communities to Reduce Alcohol Related Harm

2019 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Helen Benedict Lasimbang ◽  
Elizabeth Eckermann ◽  
Wendy Diana Shoesmith ◽  
Sandi James ◽  
Aisat Ellik bin Igau @ Oswald Iggau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm ◽  
Related Harm

Alcohol misuse compromises the quality of life of individuals, families, communities and whole societies in a variety of ways. Malaysia acknowledges the problems, implementing policies and health promotion activities in line with the World Health Organization Global Strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol by 10% between 2010 and 2025. Sabah, one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo, has more than 30 different indigenous ethnic groups. Alcohol production and consumption have traditional and unique roles in the cultural practices of many of these groups, making one common programme difficult to implement. Preliminary research suggests that alcohol is a serious problem in indigenous communities in Sabah. It also shows lack of knowledge on recommended limits for alcohol consumption and understanding of alcohol-related harm. The objective of this action-research is to produce a toolkit that will transfer knowledge and empower communities to adopt safer drinking and reduce alcohol-related harm. It must be attractive, appropriate, easily understood and be able to be tailored to suit different communities. The alcohol tool-kit was developed by a group of academicians using evidence-based information. Qualitative research methods were used to evaluate the initial alcohol tool-kit. A purposive sample of 45 village representatives was selected and divided into 5 groups for focus group discussion. Their feedback was recorded and transcribed verbatim. The alcohol tool-kit was edited accordingly. All participants agreed the alcohol tool-kit was important and can empower communities to reduce alcoholrelated harm directly improving their quality of life. The amended alcohol tool-kit will be recommended for health promotion material and evaluated from time to time.

Missing in Action: The Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol and the WTO

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula O’BRIEN
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Missing In Action ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Harmful Use Of Alcohol

This article addresses the question of how the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol (Global Strategy) and its Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) have been used in the context of discussions about alcohol and tobacco measures, respectively, in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade. The article finds considerable differences not only in the extent to which the FCTC is used compared to the Global Strategy , but also in the ways in which the two global health instruments have been used in the WTO context. The article proffers three key reasons for these differences: the legal status of the instrument; the content of the instrument in terms of whether it contains guidance as to the use of detailed, evidence-based measures; and the role and legitimacy that the instrument accords to the relevant industry interests. The article considers how the insights from the research can inform the developments in global governance of alcohol that are underway in WHO policy. It also positions its findings in terms of the wider international law debates about hard law versus soft law, and whether different types of international regulatory instruments and the legal status of these instruments impact their effectiveness in supporting domestic public health measures.

scholarly journals Workshop: Alcohol policy reforms in European countries – challenges and solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Public ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm ◽  
Harmful Use Of Alcohol ◽  
Related Harm

Abstract Alcohol-related harm is a major public health concern in Europe, with levels of alcohol consumption and associated health harm among the highest worldwide. According to the European Commission, premature deaths linked to alcohol account for over 7% of all European morbidity, and alcohol is a major avoidable risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis of the liver, cancer and unintentional and intentional injuries. Even moderate use of alcohol raises long-term risks of certain heart conditions, liver disease and cancers, and frequent use can lead to dependence. There is extensive research on efficient strategies to reduce alcohol-related harm, alongside high-level policy recommendations. Examples are the WHO’s global strategy to reduce harmful use of alcohol and the WHO European office’s European action plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol 2012-2020. The European Union (EU) strategy to support member states in reducing alcohol-related harm expired in 2012. Since then, the Committee on National Alcohol Policy and Action (CNAPA) has drawn up a non-binding Action Plan in relation to alcohol and EU countries have the main responsibility for their national alcohol policy. Despite strong evidence bases supporting alcohol policy, the implementation of potentially effective alcohol policy is often challenged by companies with commercial interests seeking to undermine evidence and advocate for less effective alternatives. These alternatives, such as education or voluntary industry action, are often favoured by politicians and the public. This opposition to evidence-based alcohol policy represents a challenge to public health. In this session, we will discuss recent developments in alcohol policy reform in Estonia, Finland and Scotland; reflecting on the outcomes of policies and the challenges faced in implementation. We invite commentaries from national experts and from the DG Sante and WHO Euro. Among these the French commentary will address the influence of the alcohol industry in circumventing effective public health policies, with discussions concerning the new strict French low-risk guidelines on alcohol use as one example. The objective of this workshop is to share experiences of the challenges faced in applying effective alcohol policies, to discuss ways to tackle those challenges, and to invite the EU and the WHO to share their views on ways to overcome these barriers in future policy advocacy. Key messages Commercial determinants of health are a powerful force in preventing effective public health policy on alcohol-related harm. The public health community need to work in a persistent and coordinated manner to bring in a suite of effective alcohol policy interventions across Europe.

scholarly journals City-based action to reduce harmful alcohol use: review of reviews

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Anderson ◽  
Eva Jané-Llopis ◽  
Omer Syed Muhammad Hasan ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Use Of Alcohol

Background: The World Health Organization global strategy on alcohol called for municipal policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Yet, there is limited evidence that documents the impact of city-level alcohol policies. Methods: Review of reviews for all years to July 2017. Searches on OVID Medline, Healthstar, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Work Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Mental Measurements Yearbook, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, NASW Clinical Register, and Epub Ahead of Print databases. All reviews that address adults, without language or date restrictions resulting from combining the terms (“review” or “literature review” or “review literature” or “data pooling” or “comparative study” or “systematic review” or “meta-analysis” or “pooled analysis”), and “alcohol”, and “intervention” and (“municipal” or “city” or “community”). Results: Five relevant reviews were identified. Studies in the reviews were all from high income countries and focussed on the acute consequences of drinking, usually with one target intervention, commonly bars, media, or drink-driving. No studies in the reviews reported the impact of comprehensive city-based action. One community cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia, published after the reviews, failed to find convincing evidence of an impact of community-based interventions in reducing adult harmful use of alcohol.     Conclusions: To date, with one exception, the impact of adult-oriented comprehensive community and municipal action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol has not been studied. The one exception failed to find a convincing effect. We conclude with recommendations for closing this evidence gap.

scholarly journals City-based action to reduce harmful alcohol use: review of reviews

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Anderson ◽  
Eva Jané-Llopis ◽  
Omer Syed Muhammad Hasan ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Use Of Alcohol

Background: The World Health Organization global strategy on alcohol called for municipal policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Yet, there is limited evidence that documents the impact of city-level alcohol policies. Methods: Review of reviews for all years to July 2017. Searches on OVID Medline, Healthstar, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Work Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Mental Measurements Yearbook, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, NASW Clinical Register, and Epub Ahead of Print databases. All reviews that address adults, without language or date restrictions resulting from combining the terms (“review” or “literature review” or “review literature” or “data pooling” or “comparative study” or “systematic review” or “meta-analysis” or “pooled analysis”), and “alcohol”, and “intervention” and (“municipal” or “city” or “community”). Results: Five relevant reviews were identified. Studies in the reviews were all from high income countries and focussed on the acute consequences of drinking, usually with one target intervention, commonly bars, media, or drink-driving. No studies in the reviews reported the impact of comprehensive city-based action. One community cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia, published after the reviews, failed to find convincing evidence of an impact of community-based interventions in reducing adult harmful use of alcohol.     Conclusions: To date, with one exception, the impact of adult-oriented comprehensive community and municipal action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol has not been studied. The one exception failed to find a convincing effect. We conclude with recommendations for closing this evidence gap.

scholarly journals Relation Between Rates of Geriatric Suicide and Consumption of Alcohol Beverages in European Countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Sher
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
World Health ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

Among older adults, suicide is a significant and persistent health problem. The highest suicide rate is found among white men aged 65 years and older. The causes of elder suicide are multifaceted. Although no predominate factor precipitates or explains geriatric suicide, alcohol is strongly linked to suicide attempts and completions. This study examined the relationship between rates of suicide in 65- to 74-year-olds and per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages in European countries. Data on suicide rates in 65- to 74-year-olds and per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages were obtained from the World Health Organization databases. Correlations were computed to examine relationships between suicide rates in 65- to 74-year-old males and females and per capita consumption of beer, wine, and spirits in the general population in 34 European countries. There was a positive correlation between suicide rates in 65- to 74-year-old males and per capita consumption of spirits. No correlations between suicide rates in 65- to 74-year-old males and per capita consumption of beer or wine were found. We also found no correlations between rates of suicide in 65- to 74-year-old females and per capita consumption of beer, wine, or spirits. The results of this study are consistent with reports that consumption of spirits is associated with suicide events. It is to be hoped that this paper will stimulate further studies that are necessary to clarify the relation between suicide rates in different age groups and consumption of alcoholic beverages, and attract more attention to the problem of geriatric suicide.

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