Salutogenic Perspectives on Health Maintenance

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Wiesmann ◽  
Hans-Joachim Hannich
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Multiple Health Behaviors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multiple Health

In this article we explore the impact of resistance resources and the sense of meaningfulness – the central component of the sense of coherence (SOC) – on retaining a health maintenance orientation. In this cross-sectional study, 170 rather healthy individuals of a mean age of 67 years filled out a questionnaire assessing resources (self-esteem, self-efficacy, physical health), SOC components (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness), and multiple health behaviors. Holding resources constant, the SOC components significantly accounted for additional variance in multiple health behaviors. Meaningfulness as the strongest predictor mediated the influence of both self-esteem and self-efficacy on multiple health behaviors. Feeling that one’s life is meaningful helps an older individual to take responsibility for his or her health and to practice multiple healthful behaviors.

INTELLIGENCE, SELF-ESTEEM AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN KOSOVO YOUTH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naim Fanaj ◽  
Sevim Mustafa ◽  
Erika Melonashi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
High Intelligence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Numerous studies have investigated the impact of self-esteem and intelligence on academic achievement. The findings are generally inconsistent. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between intelligence, self-esteem and academic achievement among young people in Kosovo. It was a quantitative cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 1856 participants, aged 10-18 years old (Mage = 15.29, SD = 1.76). Participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and The Raven Standard Progressive Matrices. Grade Point Average (GPA) was used to measure academic achievement. Data processing was done with SPSS 21.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013. Participants according to self-reported academic achievement were classified as follows: fail (0.1%), sufficient (2%), good (15.6%), very good (26.7%) and excellent (55.7%). As regards self-esteem participants were classified as follows: low self-esteem (26.9%), and normal self-esteem (73.1%). A significant positive correlation was found between academic achievement and intelligence (r = .31; p = .00) but not between achievement and self-esteem. This significant correlation resulted for both genders separately. The Mann-Whitney test found significant differences in academic achievement between genders and between groups with high intelligence and those with normal intelligence. Intelligence, but not self-esteem revealed a significant relationship with academic achievement. Future studies on the topic might focus on explanatory factors or the possibility of interaction of other variables related to academic achievement.

scholarly journals How self-stigma affects patient activation in persons with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e034757
Author(s):  
Asuka Kato ◽  
Yuko Fujimaki ◽  
Shin Fujimori ◽  
Akihiro Isogawa ◽  
Yukiko Onishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Patient Activation ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fit Index

ObjectivesSelf-stigma is associated with lower patient activation levels for self-care in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the causal pathway linking self-stigma with patient activation for self-care has not been shown. In order to determine how self-stigma affects patient activation for self-care, we tested a two-path hypothetical model both directly and as mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingTwo university hospitals, one general hospital and one clinic in Japan.ParticipantsT2DM outpatients receiving treatment (n=209) completed a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Self-Stigma Scale, Patient Activation Measure, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, haemoglobin A1c test, age, sex and body mass index.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-stigma levels were measured by using the Self-Stigma Scale. Patient activation levels were measured by the Patient Activation Measure.ResultsPath analysis showed a strong relationship between self-stigma and patient activation (χ2=27.55, p=0.120; goodness-of-fit index=0.97; adjusted goodness-of-fit index=0.94; comparative fit index=0.98; root mean square error of approximation=0.04). Self-stigma had a direct effect on patient activation (β=−0.20; p=0.002). Indirectly, self-stigma affected patient activation along two paths (β=0.31; p<0.001) by reducing self-esteem (β=−0.22; p<0.001) and self-efficacy (β=−0.36; p<0.001).ConclusionsDue to the cross-sectional design of the study, longitudinal changes between all the variables cannot be established. However, the findings indicate that self-stigma affected patient activation for self-care, both directly and as mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy. Interventions that increase self-esteem and self-efficacy may decrease self-stigma in patients with T2DM, thus increasing patient activation for self-care.

The Impact of Smoking and Multiple Health Behaviors on All-Cause Mortality

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Seung Hee Choi ◽  
Manfred Stommel ◽  
Jiying Ling ◽  
Devon Noonan ◽  
Joonho Chung
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Multiple Health Behaviors ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multiple Health

scholarly journals Resiliency and mental health of school teachers in Okinawa

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ratanasiripong ◽  
Takashi China ◽  
Nop T Ratanasiripong ◽  
Shiho Toyama
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the mental health issues among teachers globally and to investigate the significant factors that specifically impact the mental health of school teachers in Okinawa, Japan.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study examined depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem and resiliency among 174 teachers from seven schools in Okinawa, Japan. The study questionnaire consisted of four parts, including demographic data, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-42), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), and Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RISC). Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of mental health variables.FindingsOf the 174 teachers, 111 were females (64%) and 60 were males (35%). Average age of participants was 41.65 (SD = 10.07). Average number of years being a teacher was 15.50 (SD = 9.88). There was a significant gender difference in the level of self-esteem. Significant differences in anxiety were found among varying grade levels taught. Regression analyses indicated that resiliency and self-esteem significantly predicted depression, anxiety and stress among school teachers in Okinawa.Originality/valueThis is the first study among school teachers in Okinawa that examined the impact of resiliency and self-esteem on their mental health. To reduce psychological distress common within the teaching profession, social and environmental support should be provided within the school to better foster the successful promotion of teacher resiliency and self-esteem.

scholarly journals Self-Efficacy on the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Dadfar ◽  
Siyamak Sanadgol
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Health ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Abstract BackgroundNowadays, COVID-19 constitutes a significant portion of the global burden of the diseases. Self-efficacy beliefs in disease management refer to individuals' confidence and certainty in their ability to successfully perform specific health-related behaviors. The aims of the study were: (i) to develop the COVID-19 Self-Efficacy Scale (COVID-19SES), and (ii) to investigate the impact of self-efficacy on COVID-19.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A convenience sample of 66 medical students was recruited. The COVID-19SES was administered to the students.ResultsOnly 9 students (13.6%) chose statement 1 of the COVID-19SES, indicating a lack of knowledge and low self-efficacy; 9 students (22.73%) chose statements 3 and 4, indicating adequate knowledge but low self-efficacy. Of the students, 42 (63.6%) endorsed the statement 5, indicating adequate knowledge and high self-efficacy. Only 9 students (13.6%) chose statement 1 of the COVID-19SES, indicating a lack of knowledge and low self-efficacy; 9 students (22.73%) chose statements 3 and 4, indicating adequate knowledge but low self-efficacy. Of the students, 42 (63.6%) endorsed the statement 5, indicating adequate knowledge and high self-efficacy. ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for the usefulness of the COVID-19SES for assessing self-efficacy in students. Twenty-four students (36.4%) reported low COVID-19 self-efficacy, and education is necessary to promote self-efficacy in health-related matters during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study on Relationships Among FoMO, Social Influence, Positive Outcome Expectancy, Refusal Self-Efficacy and SNS Usage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUNHUA LEE ◽  
Chia-Yu Lin ◽  
Jing Tsao ◽  
Lien Fang Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Outcome Expectancy

Objectives: This study proposes a model that integrates three determinants of social cognitive theory (SCT) to explain the impact of FoMO on SNS usage. Design: A cross-sectional study is conducted using data for 259 participants recruited from a website. Main Outcome Measures: The analysis focuses on FoMO, social influence, positive outcome expectancy, refusal self-efficacy, and SNS-related behavior cloud-based sites. Data are examined using descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling. Results: The proposed model reported proper goodness of fit. FoMO does not directly or indirectly impact SNS usage through the determinants of SCT. However, social influence and refusal self-efficacy have a direct effect. Conclusions: The roles of the three determinants of SCT vary by stage of SNS usage. FoMO and refusal self-efficacy are more strongly related with SNS addiction. Further research, particularly longitudinal and intervention studies, is needed to examine the effects of specific factors on SNS addiction.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SELF-ESTEEM AND OF THE SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON THE SELF-EFFICACY OF UDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Mendonça Ribeiro ◽  
João Victor Bernardi Bragiola ◽  
Letícia Palota Eid ◽  
Daniele Alcalá Pompeo
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Entrance Examination ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
College Entrance Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify self-efficacy and self-esteem levels in undergraduate nursing students and to verify the mutual relationship between these constructs and with sociodemographic variables. Method: a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 264 students from two universities. Self-esteem and self-efficacy were measured by the Brazilian versions of the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem and of the General and Perceived Self-Efficacy scales, respectively. Results: a predominance of moderate to high self-efficacy was identified, with a mean score of 35.29 and moderate self-esteem, with a mean of 23.48. Self-efficacy was associated with the male gender, priority option in the college entrance examination by nursing, satisfaction with the course and absence of overload, besides correlating positively with age and self-esteem. Conclusion: self-efficacy and self-esteem levels were moderate/high and moderate, respectively. These constructs have shown a mutual relationship and assume an indispensable role both in the individual's personal life and in the professionalization process. These findings point to the need to strengthen mental health in this population, especially in vulnerable students (female, activity overload, dissatisfaction with the course and low self-esteem and self-efficacy), in order to foster their sense of value and the belief in their abilities.

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