Vorhersagbarkeit posttraumatischer Belastung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen nach traumatischen Ereignissen in der Schule

Traumatische Ereignisse im schulischen Kontext treten vergleichsweise häufig auf. So ist die Bestimmung von Kindern und Jugendlichen, die aktuell und auch zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt einer psychologischen Betreuung bedürfen, im Rahmen der Fürsorgepflicht notwendig. 48 Jugendliche zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren wurden in der Schule zu zwei Messzeitpunkten zur akuten und posttraumatischen Symptomatik sowie zu verschiedenen Risikofaktoren befragt. Verwendet wurde die neu entwickelte Checkliste zur Akuten Belastung (CAB) und die deutsche Version des University of Los Angeles at California Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA CPTSD-RI). Eine Woche nach dem Ereignis betrug der Anteil klinisch bedeutsamer Belastung 21 % und nach 10 – 15 Wochen 10 %. Ein mittlerer Zusammenhang zwischen akuter und posttraumatischer Belastung konnte nachgewiesen werden. Als bedeutsame Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer posttraumatischen Belastung stellten sich der Konfrontationsgrad, peritraumatisch erlebte Angst sowie akute Beeinträchtigung heraus. Im Kontext der Betreuung betroffener Jugendlicher nach traumatischen Ereignissen sollte den Risikofaktoren mehr Beachtung geschenkt werden.

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Prevalence and Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Chinese Youths After an Earthquake

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2013.41.10.1613 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (10) ◽

pp. 1613-1623 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yue Wei ◽

Li Wang ◽

Richu Wang ◽

Chengqi Cao ◽

Zhanbiao Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

School Students ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Reaction Index ◽

Current Criterion ◽

The University ◽

The Impact

In the current study we investigated the prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Chinese youths after an earthquake. A total of 753 middle school students participated in the survey and 99.5% of them were of Tibetan ethnicity. The University of California, Los Angeles PTSD Reaction Index was used to assess PTSD symptoms and a total of 101 participants were identified as probable PTSD cases. Independent predictors of PTSD included female sex, being injured, witnessing death, and derealization during the earthquake. Our results add to extant understanding of the impact of disasters on youth mental health, and carry implications for revising the current Criterion A2 of PTSD in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Parents and Youth After Health-Related Disasters

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2013.22 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 105-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 165

Author(s):

Ginny Sprang ◽

Miriam Silman

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Specific Response ◽

Response Strategies ◽

Children And Parents ◽

Reaction Index ◽

Containment Measures

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the psychosocial responses of children and their parents to pandemic disasters, specifically measuring traumatic stress responses in children and parents with varying disease-containment experiences.MethodsA mixed-method approach using survey, focus groups, and interviews produced data from 398 parents. Adult respondents completed the University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (PTSD-RI) Parent Version and the PTSD Check List Civilian Version (PCL-C).ResultsDisease-containment measures such as quarantine and isolation can be traumatizing to a significant portion of children and parents. Criteria for PTSD was met in 30% of isolated or quarantined children based on parental reports, and 25% of quarantined or isolated parents (based on self-reports).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that pandemic disasters and subsequent disease-containment responses may create a condition that families and children find traumatic. Because pandemic disasters are unique and do not include congregate sites for prolonged support and recovery, they require specific response strategies to ensure the behavioral health needs of children and families. Pandemic planning must address these needs and disease-containment measures. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:105-110)

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Gender Differences in Trauma Treatment: Do Boys and Girls Respond to Evidence-Based Interventions in the Same Way?

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 927-939 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carlton D. Craig ◽

Ginny Sprang

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Specific Response ◽

Trauma Symptoms ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Reaction Index

This article investigates gender differences in trauma symptoms from baseline to end of treatment (trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy or parent–child interaction therapy) in children ages 7–18 years. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and trend analysis using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted on baseline and end of treatment University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA PTSD-RI) total scores. Results suggest that female children start at higher reported total posttraumatic stress disorder rates than males, but both groups experience significant symptom reduction during the course of treatment. At posttreatment, girls are still reporting higher symptom levels on the UCLA PTSD-RI than boys, suggesting that their clinical presentation at discharge may differ despite significant treatment gains. A full factorial model including the interaction of dose and gender was not significant. Identification of these gender-specific response patterns are an important consideration in treatment and discharge planning for children who have been trauma-exposed and are presenting for treatment with post trauma exposure disturbances.

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Posttraumatic Stress and Youth Violence Perpetration: a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.08.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 88-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M. Aebi ◽

M. Mohler-Kuo ◽

S. Barra ◽

U. Schnyder ◽

T. Maier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Youth Violence ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specific Symptom ◽

Reaction Index

AbstractBackgroundExposure to trauma was found to increase later violent behaviours in youth but the underlying psychopathological mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to test whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is related to violent behaviours and whether PTSD symptoms mediate the relationship between the number of trauma experiences and violent behaviours in adolescents.MethodThe present study is based on a nationally representative sample of 9th grade students with 3434 boys (mean age = 15.5 years) and 3194 girls (mean age = 15.5 years) in Switzerland. Lifetime exposure to traumatic events and current PTSD were assessed by the use of the University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA-RI). Logistic regression was used to assess associations between PTSD and violent behaviours, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the meditation effects of PTSD.ResultsPTSD (boys: OR = 7.9; girls: OR = 5.5) was strongly related to violent behaviours. PTSD symptoms partially mediated the association between trauma exposure and violent behaviours in boys but not in girls. PTSD symptoms of dysphoric arousal were positively related to violent behaviours in both genders. Anxious arousal symptoms were negatively related to violent behaviours in boys but not in girls.ConclusionsIn addition to trauma, posttraumatic stress is related to violent outcomes. However, specific symptom clusters of PTSD seem differently related to violent behaviours and they do not fully explain a trauma-violence link. Specific interventions to improve emotion regulation skills may be useful particularly in boys with elevated PTSD dysphoric arousal in order to break up the cycle of violence.

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Maternal mind–mindedness and toddler behavior problems: The moderating role of maternal trauma and posttraumatic stress

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579417000360 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 1431-1442 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Ann Easterbrooks ◽

Molly K. Crossman ◽

Alessandra Caruso ◽

Maryna Raskin ◽

Claudia Miranda-Julian

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Behavior Problems ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Free Play ◽

Reaction Index ◽

Moderating Role

AbstractMaternal mind–mindedness (MM) reflects a caregiver's tendency to view a child as an individual with an independent mind. Research has linked higher MM with more favorable parenting and child adaptation. The aim of this study was to examine whether MM was associated with toddlers’ behavior problems and competence, and the moderating role of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample (N = 212) of adolescent mothers and their toddlers. MM was coded from maternal utterances during free play; mothers completed the University of California at Los Angeles Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index and reported on children's behavior problems and competence using the Brief Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. The majority of mothers (84%) experienced trauma; 45% of these mothers met criteria for partial or full PTSD. Trauma was related to greater behavior problems, and PTSD moderated MM–child functioning relations. When mothers experienced full PTSD, there was no relation between MM and behavior problems. With child competence, when compared to children of mothers with no trauma exposure, children of mothers experiencing partial PTSD symptoms were more likely to have delays in competence when mothers made more MM comments. Results are discussed in light of how MM, in the context of trauma and PTSD, may affect parenting.

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