Posttraumatic Stress and Youth Violence Perpetration: a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aebi ◽  
M. Mohler-Kuo ◽  
S. Barra ◽  
U. Schnyder ◽  
T. Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Reaction Index

AbstractBackgroundExposure to trauma was found to increase later violent behaviours in youth but the underlying psychopathological mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to test whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is related to violent behaviours and whether PTSD symptoms mediate the relationship between the number of trauma experiences and violent behaviours in adolescents.MethodThe present study is based on a nationally representative sample of 9th grade students with 3434 boys (mean age = 15.5 years) and 3194 girls (mean age = 15.5 years) in Switzerland. Lifetime exposure to traumatic events and current PTSD were assessed by the use of the University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA-RI). Logistic regression was used to assess associations between PTSD and violent behaviours, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the meditation effects of PTSD.ResultsPTSD (boys: OR = 7.9; girls: OR = 5.5) was strongly related to violent behaviours. PTSD symptoms partially mediated the association between trauma exposure and violent behaviours in boys but not in girls. PTSD symptoms of dysphoric arousal were positively related to violent behaviours in both genders. Anxious arousal symptoms were negatively related to violent behaviours in boys but not in girls.ConclusionsIn addition to trauma, posttraumatic stress is related to violent outcomes. However, specific symptom clusters of PTSD seem differently related to violent behaviours and they do not fully explain a trauma-violence link. Specific interventions to improve emotion regulation skills may be useful particularly in boys with elevated PTSD dysphoric arousal in order to break up the cycle of violence.

Vorhersagbarkeit posttraumatischer Belastung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen nach traumatischen Ereignissen in der Schule

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Frühe ◽  
Hans-Joachim Röthlein ◽  
Rita Rosner
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Reaction Index ◽  
Traumatische Ereignisse

Traumatische Ereignisse im schulischen Kontext treten vergleichsweise häufig auf. So ist die Bestimmung von Kindern und Jugendlichen, die aktuell und auch zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt einer psychologischen Betreuung bedürfen, im Rahmen der Fürsorgepflicht notwendig. 48 Jugendliche zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren wurden in der Schule zu zwei Messzeitpunkten zur akuten und posttraumatischen Symptomatik sowie zu verschiedenen Risikofaktoren befragt. Verwendet wurde die neu entwickelte Checkliste zur Akuten Belastung (CAB) und die deutsche Version des University of Los Angeles at California Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA CPTSD-RI). Eine Woche nach dem Ereignis betrug der Anteil klinisch bedeutsamer Belastung 21 % und nach 10 – 15 Wochen 10 %. Ein mittlerer Zusammenhang zwischen akuter und posttraumatischer Belastung konnte nachgewiesen werden. Als bedeutsame Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer posttraumatischen Belastung stellten sich der Konfrontationsgrad, peritraumatisch erlebte Angst sowie akute Beeinträchtigung heraus. Im Kontext der Betreuung betroffener Jugendlicher nach traumatischen Ereignissen sollte den Risikofaktoren mehr Beachtung geschenkt werden.

Prevalence and Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Chinese Youths After an Earthquake

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1613-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wei ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Richu Wang ◽  
Chengqi Cao ◽  
Zhanbiao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
School Students ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Reaction Index ◽  
Current Criterion ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

In the current study we investigated the prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Chinese youths after an earthquake. A total of 753 middle school students participated in the survey and 99.5% of them were of Tibetan ethnicity. The University of California, Los Angeles PTSD Reaction Index was used to assess PTSD symptoms and a total of 101 participants were identified as probable PTSD cases. Independent predictors of PTSD included female sex, being injured, witnessing death, and derealization during the earthquake. Our results add to extant understanding of the impact of disasters on youth mental health, and carry implications for revising the current Criterion A2 of PTSD in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Examining unique and prospective relationships among self-injurious thoughts and behaviors and posttraumatic stress disorder: a network analysis in two trauma-exposed samples

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G. Spitzer ◽  
Natasha Benfer ◽  
Kelly L. Zuromski ◽  
Brian P. Marx ◽  
Tracy K. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract Background As self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) remain a pressing public health concern, research continues to focus on risk factors, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Network analysis provides a novel approach to examining the PTSD-SITB relationship. This study utilized the network approach to elucidate how individual PTSD symptoms may drive and maintain SITB. Methods We estimated cross-sectional networks in two samples of trauma-exposed adults (Sample 1: N = 349 adults; Sample 2: N = 1307 Veterans) to identify PTSD symptoms that may act as bridges to SITB. Additionally, we conducted a cross-lagged panel network in Sample 2 to further clarify the temporal relationship between PTSD symptoms and SITB during a 2-year follow-up. Finally, in both samples, we conducted logistic regressions to examine the utility of PTSD symptoms in prospectively predicting SITB, over a 15-day period (Sample 1) and over a 2-year period (Sample 2), allowing us to examine both short- and long-term prediction. Results Two PTSD symptoms (i.e. negative beliefs and risky behaviors) emerged as highly influential on SITB in both cross-sectional networks. In the cross-lagged panel network, distorted blame emerged as highly influential on SITB over time. Finally, risky behaviors, unwanted memories, and psychological distress served as the strongest predictors of SITB across the two samples. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that treatments targeting negative beliefs and risky behaviors may prevent SITB in community and Veteran populations, whereas treatments targeting distorted blame and unwanted memories may help reduce SITB for individuals with a history of combat trauma.

Dimensions of Trauma and Specific Symptoms of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Inner-City Youth: A Preliminary Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Post ◽  
Gerri Hanten ◽  
Xiaoqi Li ◽  
Adam T. Schmidt ◽  
Gunes Avci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Numbing ◽  
Reaction Index ◽  
Inner City Youth ◽  
Community Trauma

We examined relations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with dimensions of trauma, including environment (Domestic vs. Community) and proximity (Indirect vs. Direct trauma) among inner-city youth. Participants (n = 65) reported traumatic events they had experienced on a version of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index Trauma Exposure Screen, and reported PTSD symptoms with the PTSD Checklist—Civilian version (PCL-C). High rates of trauma and PTSD were found, consistent with other reports of inner-city youth. The 49% of youth surveyed met criteria for PTSD on the PCL-C symptom scale with a score cutoff of 35. Females reported elevated PTSD symptom scores and a higher incidence of Domestic trauma than did males but similar incidence of other trauma types. When males and females were combined, Domestic trauma significantly correlated with each of the PTSD symptom clusters of intrusions, numbing/avoidance, and hyperarousal. When participants with Community trauma were excluded from analyses to reduce confounding environmental influence, Domestic trauma marginally correlated with numbing/avoidance symptoms. Our findings suggest that Domestic trauma may result in more emotional numbing/avoidance symptoms than other types of trauma. Further analyses suggested that Community trauma may result in more intrusions and hyperarousal symptoms rather than emotional numbing. Environmental aspects of trauma, rather than the proximity of trauma, may have greater impact on presentation of PTSD. Future studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Parents and Youth After Health-Related Disasters

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginny Sprang ◽  
Miriam Silman
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Reaction Index ◽  
Containment Measures

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the psychosocial responses of children and their parents to pandemic disasters, specifically measuring traumatic stress responses in children and parents with varying disease-containment experiences.MethodsA mixed-method approach using survey, focus groups, and interviews produced data from 398 parents. Adult respondents completed the University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (PTSD-RI) Parent Version and the PTSD Check List Civilian Version (PCL-C).ResultsDisease-containment measures such as quarantine and isolation can be traumatizing to a significant portion of children and parents. Criteria for PTSD was met in 30% of isolated or quarantined children based on parental reports, and 25% of quarantined or isolated parents (based on self-reports).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that pandemic disasters and subsequent disease-containment responses may create a condition that families and children find traumatic. Because pandemic disasters are unique and do not include congregate sites for prolonged support and recovery, they require specific response strategies to ensure the behavioral health needs of children and families. Pandemic planning must address these needs and disease-containment measures. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:105-110)

scholarly journals Cross-Lagged Association Between Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Perceived Centrality of a Terrorist Attack

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Alve Glad ◽  
Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski ◽  
Grete Dyb ◽  
Gertrud S. Hafstad
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Event Centrality ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Longitudinal Association

Numerous cross-sectional studies have found a positive association between level of event centrality and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the temporal course of this relationship is unclear. We aimed to investigate the concurrent and longitudinal association between event centrality and symptoms of PTSD in a trauma-exposed sample. In total, 319 survivors of the 2011 massacre on Utøya island, Norway, were interviewed 14 to 15 and 30 to 32 months after the event. A cross-lagged panel model was used to explore the association between event centrality and PTSD symptoms over time. Level of event centrality was significantly associated with concurrent PTSD symptoms at both time points. PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with prospective levels of event centrality but not vice versa. This finding indicates that the degree to which survivors perceive a terrorist attack as central to their identity may be an effect, not a cause, of their PTSD symptoms.

Gender Differences in Trauma Treatment: Do Boys and Girls Respond to Evidence-Based Interventions in the Same Way?

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlton D. Craig ◽  
Ginny Sprang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Reaction Index

This article investigates gender differences in trauma symptoms from baseline to end of treatment (trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy or parent–child interaction therapy) in children ages 7–18 years. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and trend analysis using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted on baseline and end of treatment University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA PTSD-RI) total scores. Results suggest that female children start at higher reported total posttraumatic stress disorder rates than males, but both groups experience significant symptom reduction during the course of treatment. At posttreatment, girls are still reporting higher symptom levels on the UCLA PTSD-RI than boys, suggesting that their clinical presentation at discharge may differ despite significant treatment gains. A full factorial model including the interaction of dose and gender was not significant. Identification of these gender-specific response patterns are an important consideration in treatment and discharge planning for children who have been trauma-exposed and are presenting for treatment with post trauma exposure disturbances.

Interpersonal Style and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Female Victims of Dating Violence

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-535
Author(s):  
Nicola K. Bernard ◽  
Matthew M. Yalch ◽  
Brittany K. Lannert ◽  
Alytia A. Levendosky
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Interpersonal Style ◽  
Female Victims

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are some of the most common mental health symptoms women experience following exposure to dating violence (DV). However, not all women who experience DV exhibit PTSD symptoms. One factor that may influence whether or not women exhibit PTSD symptoms in the aftermath of DV exposure is interpersonal style, often operationalized in terms of two orthogonal dimensions, warmth and dominance. In this study, we examined the main and moderating effects of warmth and dominance on the association between DV and PTSD symptoms using latent moderating structural equation modeling in a sample of 303 female college students who reported DV exposure in the past year. Results indicated that warmth exerted a main effect predicting fewer PTSD symptoms. In addition, dominance moderated the association between DV and PTSD symptoms such that at high levels of DV, women who were high on dominance reported fewer PTSD symptoms than did women who were low on dominance. These findings suggest that aspects of interpersonal style may promote resilience to symptoms of posttraumatic stress following DV exposure. Directions for future research are also discussed.

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