The Los Angeles Symptom Checklist: A Self Report Measure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Traumatische Ereignisse im schulischen Kontext treten vergleichsweise häufig auf. So ist die Bestimmung von Kindern und Jugendlichen, die aktuell und auch zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt einer psychologischen Betreuung bedürfen, im Rahmen der Fürsorgepflicht notwendig. 48 Jugendliche zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren wurden in der Schule zu zwei Messzeitpunkten zur akuten und posttraumatischen Symptomatik sowie zu verschiedenen Risikofaktoren befragt. Verwendet wurde die neu entwickelte Checkliste zur Akuten Belastung (CAB) und die deutsche Version des University of Los Angeles at California Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA CPTSD-RI). Eine Woche nach dem Ereignis betrug der Anteil klinisch bedeutsamer Belastung 21 % und nach 10 – 15 Wochen 10 %. Ein mittlerer Zusammenhang zwischen akuter und posttraumatischer Belastung konnte nachgewiesen werden. Als bedeutsame Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer posttraumatischen Belastung stellten sich der Konfrontationsgrad, peritraumatisch erlebte Angst sowie akute Beeinträchtigung heraus. Im Kontext der Betreuung betroffener Jugendlicher nach traumatischen Ereignissen sollte den Risikofaktoren mehr Beachtung geschenkt werden.

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Intensive EMDR to Treat Patients With Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Series

Journal of EMDR Practice and Research ◽

10.1891/1933-3196.11.2.84 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 84-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hannelies Bongaerts ◽

Agnes Van Minnen ◽

Ad de Jongh

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Case Series ◽

Self Report ◽

Complex Ptsd ◽

Symptom Scale ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Research Attention ◽

Emdr Therapy

There is mounting evidence suggesting that by increasing the frequency of treatment sessions, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment outcomes significantly improve. As part of an ongoing research project, this study examined the safety and effectiveness of intensive eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in a group of seven (four female) patients suffering from complex PTSD and multiple comorbidities resulting from childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, and/or work and combat-related trauma. Treatment was not preceded by a preparation phase and consisted of 2 × 4 consecutive days of EMDR therapy administered in morning and afternoon sessions of 90 minutes each, interspersed with intensive physical activity and psychoeducation. Outcome measures were the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and the PTSD Symptom Scale Self-report questionnaire (PSS-SR). During treatment, neither personal adverse events nor dropout occurred. CAPS scores decreased significantly from pre- to posttreatment, and four of the seven patients lost their PTSD diagnosis as established with the CAPS. The results were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) on the CAPS and PSS-SR were large: 3.2, 1.7 (prepost) and 2.3, 2.1 (prefollow-up), respectively. The results of this case series suggest that an intensive program using EMDR therapy is a potentially safe and effective treatment alternative for complex PTSD. The application of massed, consecutive days of treatments using EMDR therapy for patients suffering from PTSD, particularly those with multiple comorbidities, merits more clinical and research attention.

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Three Studies on the Reliability and Validity of a Self-Report Measure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Assessment ◽

10.1177/107319119600300102 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 17-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Dean Lauterbach ◽

Scott Vrana

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Self Report ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

The Impact

This paper describes three studies of the reliability and validity of a newly revised version of the Purdue Posttraumatic Stress Disorder scale (PPTSD-R). The PPTSD-R is a 17-item questionnaire that yields four scores: Reexperiencing, Avoidance, Arousal, and Total. It is highly internally consistent (α = .91), and the scores are relatively stable across time. The PPTSD-R is highly correlated with other measures of PTSD symptomatology and moderately correlated with measures of related psychopathology, providing preliminary support for the measure's convergent and discriminant validity. It reliably distinguishes between groups of people who were and were not traumatized, it is sensitive to the impact of different types of traumatic events, and (within a clinical sample) it discriminates between those who did and did not seek treatment for difficulty coping with the traumatic event being assessed. The PPTSD-R shows promise as a measure of PTSD symptoms in the college population.

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Influence of Spirituality on Depression, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Suicidality in Active Duty Military Personnel

Depression Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2012/425463 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Laurel L. Hourani ◽

Jason Williams ◽

Valerie Forman-Hoffman ◽

Marian E. Lane ◽

Belinda Weimer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Active Duty ◽

Combat Exposure ◽

Self Report ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Active Duty Military

Understanding the role of spirituality as a potential coping mechanism for military personnel is important given growing concern about the mental health issues of personnel returning from war. This study seeks to determine the extent to which spirituality is associated with selected mental health problems among active duty military personnel and whether it moderates the relationship between combat exposure/deployment and (a) depression, (b) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and (c) suicidality in active duty military personnel. Data were drawn from the 2008 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Active Duty Military Personnel. Over 24,000 randomly selected active duty personnel worldwide completed an anonymous self-report questionnaire. High spirituality had a significant protective effect only for depression symptoms. Medium, as opposed to high or low, levels of spirituality buffered each of the mental health outcomes to some degree. Medium and low spirituality levels predicted depression symptoms but only among those with moderate combat exposure. Medium spirituality levels also predicted PTSD symptoms among those with moderate levels of combat exposure and predicted self-reported suicidal ideation/attempt among those never deployed. These results point to the complex relationship between spirituality and mental health, particularly among military personnel and the need for further research.

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Prevalence and Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Chinese Youths After an Earthquake

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2013.41.10.1613 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (10) ◽

pp. 1613-1623 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yue Wei ◽

Li Wang ◽

Richu Wang ◽

Chengqi Cao ◽

Zhanbiao Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

School Students ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Reaction Index ◽

Current Criterion ◽

The University ◽

The Impact

In the current study we investigated the prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Chinese youths after an earthquake. A total of 753 middle school students participated in the survey and 99.5% of them were of Tibetan ethnicity. The University of California, Los Angeles PTSD Reaction Index was used to assess PTSD symptoms and a total of 101 participants were identified as probable PTSD cases. Independent predictors of PTSD included female sex, being injured, witnessing death, and derealization during the earthquake. Our results add to extant understanding of the impact of disasters on youth mental health, and carry implications for revising the current Criterion A2 of PTSD in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

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Factor structure, internal consistency and reliability of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL): an exploratory study

Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy ◽

10.1590/s2237-60892012000400007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 215-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Eduardo de Paula Lima ◽

Sandhi Maria Barreto ◽

Ada Ávila Assunção

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Events ◽

Self Report ◽

Oblique Rotation ◽

Language Version ◽

Temporal Reliability

INTRODUCTION: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder resulting from exposure to traumatic events. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) is a self-report measure largely used to evaluate the presence of PTSD. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the internal consistency, temporal reliability and factor validity of the Portuguese language version of the PCL used in Brazil. METHODS: A total of 186 participants were recruited. The sample was heterogeneous with regard to occupation, sociodemographic data, mental health history, and exposure to traumatic events. Subjects answered the PCL at two occasions within a 15 days’ interval (range: 5-15 days). RESULTS: Cronbach’s alpha coefficients indicated high internal consistency for the total scale (0.91) and for the theoretical dimensions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) (0.83, 0.81, and 0.80). Temporal reliability (test-retest) was high and consistent for different cutoffs. Maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted and oblique rotation (Promax) was applied. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index (0.911) and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ² = 1,381.34, p < 0.001) indicated that correlation matrices were suitable for factor analysis. The analysis yielded three symptom clusters which accounted for 48.9% of the variance, namely, intrusions, avoidance, and numbing-hyperarousal. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide additional data regarding the psychometric properties of the PCL, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and factor validity. Results are discussed in relation to PTSD theoretical models.

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