Intracerebral Error-Related Negativity in a Simple Go/NoGo Task

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Brázdil ◽  
Robert Roman ◽  
Pavel Daniel ◽  
Ivan Rektor
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Temporal Neocortex

Abstract: Performance monitoring represents a critical executive function of the human brain. In an effort to identify its anatomical and physiological aspects, a negative component of event-related potentials (ERPs), which occurs only on incorrect trials, has been used in the extensive investigation of error processing. This component has been termed “error-negativity” (Ne) or error-related negativity (ERN) and has been interpreted as a correlate of error detection. The aim of the present intracerebral ERP study was to contribute knowledge of the sources of the Ne/ERN, with a particular focus on the involvement of a frontomedian wall (FMW) in the genesis of this negativity. Seven patients with intractable epilepsy participated in the study. Depth electrodes were implanted to localize the seizure origin prior to surgical treatment. A total of 574 sites in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes were investigated. A simple Go/NoGo task was performed and EEG epochs with correct and erroneous motor responses were averaged independently using the response as the trigger. Ne/ERN was generated in multiple cortical structures, with the most consistent involvement being that of the FMW structures. Ne/ERN generators were revealed there in both the rostral and caudal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), but also in the pre-SMA and in the parts of the medial frontal gyrus adjacent to the ACC. Different timing of activations between the rostral and caudal anterior cingulate Ne/ERN sources was observed in this study. Other neural sources of the Ne/ERN were found in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, in the orbitofrontal cortex, in the lateral temporal neocortex, and in one isolated case in the supramarginal gyrus. Our findings support the key role of the FMW in the genesis of Ne/ERN. At the same time, our findings suggest a different functional significance for the rostral and caudal ACC involvement in error processing. In addition to the FMW, the other prefrontal cortical sites, the lateral temporal neocortex, and the supramarginal gyrus seem to represent integral components of the brain's error monitoring system.

Event-Related Brain Potentials Following Incorrect Feedback in a Time-Estimation Task: Evidence for a “Generic” Neural System for Error Detection

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang H. R. Miltner ◽  
Christoph H. Braun ◽  
Michael G. H. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Time Estimation Task

We examined scalp-recorded event-related potentials following feedback stimuli in a time-estimation task. Six hundred msec after indicating the end of a 1 sec interval, subjects received a visual, auditory, or somatosensory stimulus that indicated whether the interval they had produced was correct. Following feedback indicating incorrect performance, a negative deflection occurred, whose characteristics corresponded closely to those of the component (the error-related negativity) that accompanies errors in choice reaction time tasks. Furthermore, equivalent dipole analysis suggested that, for all three modalities, the distribution of the scalp potential was consistent with a local source in the anterior cingulate cortex or a more distributed source in the supplementary motor areas. These loci correspond closely to those described previously for the error-related negativity. We conclude that the error-related negativity is the manifestation of the activity of a “generic” neural system involved in error detection.

Neurophysiological and Cognitive Correlates of Error Processing Deficits in Internet Gaming Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 4914-4921
Author(s):  
Minkyung Park ◽  
Myung Hun Jung ◽  
Jiyoon Lee ◽  
A Ruem Choi ◽  
Sun Ju Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Related Potentials

Abstract The ability to detect and correct errors is a critical aspect of human cognition. Neuronal dysfunction in error processing has been reported in addictive disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate neural systems underlying error processing using event-related potentials (ERPs) and current source localization as well as neurocognitive executive function tests in patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). A total of 68 individuals (34 patients with IGD and 34 healthy controls [HCs]) were included, and two ERP components, error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe), were extracted during a GoNogo task. Patients with IGD exhibited significantly reduced ERN and Pe amplitudes compared with HCs. Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) in between-group comparisons revealed that patients with IGD had decreased source activations of the Pe component in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) under the Nogo condition. These ERP changes were associated with deficits in decision-making and response inhibition in IGD patients. The results suggest that IGD may be associated with functional abnormalities in the ACC and alterations in neural activity related to both the early unconscious and the later conscious stages of error processing, as well as deficits in area of decision-making.

scholarly journals Conflict monitoring, error detection, and inhibition: behavioural and electrophysiological features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Egeto
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Error Awareness ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Error Positivity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Inhibition Index

Event-related potentials of performance monitoring, including N2 (conflict monitoring), error-related negativity and error positivity (ERN and Pe; error monitoring), and P3 (inhibition) have been studied. However, conflict monitoring lacks a behavioural measure, and the functional significance of ERN, Pe, and P3 are debated. To address these issues, a behavioural measure of conflict monitoring was tested by subtracting the reaction time (RT) of a simple from a choice RT task to isolate conflict monitoring; the functions of error monitoring and inhibition were examined. The RT difference correlated with the N2 area (longer conflict monitoring related to a larger N2). ERN and Pe areas were negatively and positively correlated with errors, respectively. P3 magnitude and onset were correlated with an inhibition index. The new behavioural measure provides an accessible way to study conflict monitoring. Theories of conflict monitoring for ERN, error awareness for Pe, and inhibition for P3 were replicated and extended.

The Role of Awareness in Processing of Oculomotor Capture: Evidence from Event-related Potentials

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2285-2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem V. Belopolsky ◽  
Arthur F. Kramer ◽  
Jan Theeuwes
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Oculomotor Capture ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Subjective Awareness ◽  
Error Detection And Correction ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Previous research has shown that task-irrelevant onsets trigger an eye movement in their direction. Such oculomotor capture is often impervious to conscious awareness. The present study used event-related brain potentials to examine how such oculomotor errors are detected, evaluated, and compensated for and whether awareness of an error played a role at any of these stages of processing. The results show that the early processes of error detection and correction (as represented by the error-related negativity and the parietal N1) are not directly affected by subjective awareness of making an error. Instead, they seem to be modulated by the degree of temporal overlap between the programming of the correct and erroneous saccade. We found that only a later component (the error-related positivity [Pe]) is modulated by awareness of making an erroneous eye movement. We propose that awareness of oculomotor capture primarily depends on this later process.

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) Reflecting Feedback and Error Processing in the Context of Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frieder L. Schillinger
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
Context Of Learning ◽  
Learning And Instruction

Abstract. Feedback allows individuals to detect errors and to adapt subsequent behavior in order to ensure goal achievement. As such, feedback provides rich and essential information for human learning. Consequently, feedback is of great importance for education and has been extensively studied by educational researchers (see Dion & Restrepo, 2016 ). One way to examine feedback and error processing is by means of event-related potentials (ERPs) in the human electroencephalography (EEG). The aim of this commentary is to portray two ERPs which have been directly linked to feedback and error processing in the human brain, namely the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the error-related negativity (ERN). Firstly, the core empirical findings regarding the FRN/ERN are described, followed by a brief outline of two theories accounting for both ERPs. Finally, the potential of the FRN/ERN in advancing our understanding of feedback and error processing in the context of learning and instruction is discussed.

scholarly journals Conflict monitoring, error detection, and inhibition: behavioural and electrophysiological features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Egeto
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Error Awareness ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Error Positivity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Inhibition Index

Event-related potentials of performance monitoring, including N2 (conflict monitoring), error-related negativity and error positivity (ERN and Pe; error monitoring), and P3 (inhibition) have been studied. However, conflict monitoring lacks a behavioural measure, and the functional significance of ERN, Pe, and P3 are debated. To address these issues, a behavioural measure of conflict monitoring was tested by subtracting the reaction time (RT) of a simple from a choice RT task to isolate conflict monitoring; the functions of error monitoring and inhibition were examined. The RT difference correlated with the N2 area (longer conflict monitoring related to a larger N2). ERN and Pe areas were negatively and positively correlated with errors, respectively. P3 magnitude and onset were correlated with an inhibition index. The new behavioural measure provides an accessible way to study conflict monitoring. Theories of conflict monitoring for ERN, error awareness for Pe, and inhibition for P3 were replicated and extended.

Monitoring of Internal and External Error Signals

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Christine Ehlis ◽  
Martin J. Herrmann ◽  
Achim Bernhard ◽  
Andreas J. Fallgatter
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Error Positivity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Conscious Processing ◽  
Response Feedback

Abstract: In the present study, a modified version of the Eriksen Flanker Task has been used to study event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by correct responses, response errors, and invalid negative response feedback following correct button presses (“PC-error trials”). Conventional error potentials (error related negativity [ERN/Ne]; error-positivity [Pe]) were observed after incorrect button presses but not following negative response feedback in PC-error trials. Furthermore, a late positive deflection occurred specifically after PC-errors (Late positivity [PL]), which might reflect a conscious processing of these unexpected events. The results imply some restrictions for the notion that the ERN/Ne reflects the activity of a general and “generic” neural error-detection system in the human brain. Furthermore, the existence of an “event-detection system” is indicated, which might be involved in the processing of events that violate learned expectations.

scholarly journals Conformity and Reaction to Error: An ERPs Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Golovanova ◽  
M Petrov ◽  
K Bakuleva ◽  
N Andriyanova
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
P300 Wave ◽  
Majority Opinion ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Processing Event ◽  
The Brain

This article is devoted to the analysis of cognitive indicators of conformal behavior. It presents the results of the study of EEG-correlates of conformity. The hypothesis of the study is that people who tend to the conformal behavior have a similar way of response on the errors and disagreement with the majority opinion. Theexperiment involved 20 participants: 11 – nonconformists, 9 – conformists according to tests (‘Interpersonal Behavior Circle’ by T. Leary and ‘Portrait Values Questionnaire’ by S. Schwartz). Participants took part in two types of tasks: arithmetic tasks and attractiveness evaluation. After solving the tasks, participants were given feedback about right/wrong decisions in arithmetic tasks, and agreement/disagreement with the majority opinion in the evaluation of people’s attractiveness. This study analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) in the case of error or disagreement with the majority opinion. The results of the study showed the differences in the indicators of bioelectric brain activity between conformal and nonconformal participants after the disagreement with the majority opinion. Conformal participants demonstrate higher amplitude of P300 wave upon presentation of the feedback of the disagreement with the majority opinion. Thus, the conformal behavior in a situation of disagreement with others’ opinion accompanied by specific ERP patterns of the brain associated with the correction of behavior. Keywords: conformity, error processing, event-related potentials, P300, error-related negativity

Central Nervous System Processing of Emotions in Children with Fecal Incontinence and Constipation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Monika Equit ◽  
Justine Niemczyk ◽  
Anna Kluth ◽  
Carla Thomas ◽  
Mathias Rubly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cortical Regions

Abstract. Objective: Fecal incontinence and constipation are common disorders in childhood. The enteric nervous system and the central nervous system are highly interactive along the brain-gut axis. The interaction is mainly afferent. These afferent pathways include centers that are involved in the central nervous processing of emotions as the mid/posterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex. A previous study revealed altered processing of emotions in children with fecal incontinence. The present study replicates these results. Methods: In order to analyze the processing of emotions, we compared the event-related potentials of 25 children with fecal incontinence and constipation to those of 15 control children during the presentation of positive, negative, and neutral pictures. Results: Children with fecal incontinence and constipation showed altered processing of emotions, especially in the parietal and central cortical regions. Conclusions: The main study results of the previous study were replicated, increasing the certainty and validity of the findings.

Selective Attention and Error Processing in an Illusory Conjunction Task

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertus A. Wijers ◽  
Maarten A.S. Boksem
Keyword(s):  
Target Detection ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Illusory Conjunction ◽  
Conjunction Error ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Display Element ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Feature Error ◽  
High Level ◽  
Correct Target

Abstract. We recorded event-related potentials in an illusory conjunction task, in which subjects were cued on each trial to search for a particular colored letter in a subsequently presented test array, consisting of three different letters in three different colors. In a proportion of trials the target letter was present and in other trials none of the relevant features were present. In still other trials one of the features (color or letter identity) were present or both features were present but not combined in the same display element. When relevant features were present this resulted in an early posterior selection negativity (SN) and a frontal selection positivity (FSP). When a target was presented, this resulted in a FSP that was enhanced after 250 ms as compared to when both relevant features were present but not combined in the same display element. This suggests that this effect reflects an extra process of attending to both features bound to the same object. There were no differences between the ERPs in feature error and conjunction error trials, contrary to the idea that these two types of errors are due to different (perceptual and attentional) mechanisms. The P300 in conjunction error trials was much reduced relative to the P300 in correct target detection trials. A similar, error-related negativity-like component was visible in the response-locked averages in correct target detection trials, in feature error trials, and in conjunction error trials. Dipole modeling of this component resulted in a source in a deep medial-frontal location. These results suggested that this type of task induces a high level of response conflict, in which decision-related processes may play a major role.

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