scholarly journals Conformity and Reaction to Error: An ERPs Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Golovanova ◽  
M Petrov ◽  
K Bakuleva ◽  
N Andriyanova
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
P300 Wave ◽  
Majority Opinion ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Processing Event ◽  
The Brain

This article is devoted to the analysis of cognitive indicators of conformal behavior. It presents the results of the study of EEG-correlates of conformity. The hypothesis of the study is that people who tend to the conformal behavior have a similar way of response on the errors and disagreement with the majority opinion. Theexperiment involved 20 participants: 11 – nonconformists, 9 – conformists according to tests (‘Interpersonal Behavior Circle’ by T. Leary and ‘Portrait Values Questionnaire’ by S. Schwartz). Participants took part in two types of tasks: arithmetic tasks and attractiveness evaluation. After solving the tasks, participants were given feedback about right/wrong decisions in arithmetic tasks, and agreement/disagreement with the majority opinion in the evaluation of people’s attractiveness. This study analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) in the case of error or disagreement with the majority opinion. The results of the study showed the differences in the indicators of bioelectric brain activity between conformal and nonconformal participants after the disagreement with the majority opinion. Conformal participants demonstrate higher amplitude of P300 wave upon presentation of the feedback of the disagreement with the majority opinion. Thus, the conformal behavior in a situation of disagreement with others’ opinion accompanied by specific ERP patterns of the brain associated with the correction of behavior. Keywords: conformity, error processing, event-related potentials, P300, error-related negativity

scholarly journals ERP CORE: An Open Resource for Human Event-Related Potential Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Kappenman ◽  
Jaclyn Farrens ◽  
Wendy Zhang ◽  
Andrew X Stewart ◽  
Steven J Luck
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
Related Potentials

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are noninvasive measures of human brain activity that index a range of sensory, cognitive, affective, and motor processes. Despite their broad application across basic and clinical research, there is little standardization of ERP paradigms and analysis protocols across studies. To address this, we created ERP CORE (Compendium of Open Resources and Experiments), a set of optimized paradigms, experiment control scripts, data processing pipelines, and sample data (N = 40 neurotypical young adults) for seven widely used ERP components: N170, mismatch negativity (MMN), N2pc, N400, P3, lateralized readiness potential (LRP), and error-related negativity (ERN). This resource makes it possible for researchers to 1) employ standardized ERP paradigms in their research, 2) apply carefully designed analysis pipelines and use a priori selected parameters for data processing, 3) rigorously assess the quality of their data, and 4) test new analytic techniques with standardized data from a wide range of paradigms.

scholarly journals Looking for effects of qualia on event-related brain potentials of close others in search for a cause of the similarity of qualia assumed across individuals

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Sheila Bouten ◽  
Hugo Pantecouteau ◽  
J. Bruno Debruille
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Frontal Electrode ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Qualia, the individual instances of subjective conscious experience, are private events. However, in everyday life, we assume qualia of others and their perceptual worlds, to be similar to ours. One way this similarity is possible is if qualia of others somehow contribute to the production of qualia by our own brain and vice versa. To test this hypothesis, we focused on the mean voltages of event-related potentials (ERPs) in the time-window of the P600 component, whose amplitude correlates positively with conscious awareness. These ERPs were elicited by images of the international affective picture system in 16 pairs of friends, siblings or couples going side by side through hyperscanning without having to interact. Each of the 32 members of these 16 pairs faced one half of the screen and could not see what the other member was presented with on the other half. One stimulus occurred on each half simultaneously. The sameness of these stimulus pairs was manipulated as well as the participants’ belief in that sameness by telling subjects’ pairs that they were going to be presented with the same stimuli in two blocks and with different ones in the two others. ERPs were more positive at all electrode subsets for stimulus pairs that were inconsistent with the belief than for those that were consistent. In the N400 time window, at frontal electrode sites, ERPs were again more positive for inconsistent than for consistent stimuli. As participants had no way to see the stimulus their partner was presented with and thus no way to detect inconsistence, these data might reveal an impact of the qualia of a person on the brain activity of another. Such impact could provide a research avenue when trying to explain the similarity of qualia across individuals.

Intracerebral Error-Related Negativity in a Simple Go/NoGo Task

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Brázdil ◽  
Robert Roman ◽  
Pavel Daniel ◽  
Ivan Rektor
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Temporal Neocortex

Abstract: Performance monitoring represents a critical executive function of the human brain. In an effort to identify its anatomical and physiological aspects, a negative component of event-related potentials (ERPs), which occurs only on incorrect trials, has been used in the extensive investigation of error processing. This component has been termed “error-negativity” (Ne) or error-related negativity (ERN) and has been interpreted as a correlate of error detection. The aim of the present intracerebral ERP study was to contribute knowledge of the sources of the Ne/ERN, with a particular focus on the involvement of a frontomedian wall (FMW) in the genesis of this negativity. Seven patients with intractable epilepsy participated in the study. Depth electrodes were implanted to localize the seizure origin prior to surgical treatment. A total of 574 sites in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes were investigated. A simple Go/NoGo task was performed and EEG epochs with correct and erroneous motor responses were averaged independently using the response as the trigger. Ne/ERN was generated in multiple cortical structures, with the most consistent involvement being that of the FMW structures. Ne/ERN generators were revealed there in both the rostral and caudal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), but also in the pre-SMA and in the parts of the medial frontal gyrus adjacent to the ACC. Different timing of activations between the rostral and caudal anterior cingulate Ne/ERN sources was observed in this study. Other neural sources of the Ne/ERN were found in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, in the orbitofrontal cortex, in the lateral temporal neocortex, and in one isolated case in the supramarginal gyrus. Our findings support the key role of the FMW in the genesis of Ne/ERN. At the same time, our findings suggest a different functional significance for the rostral and caudal ACC involvement in error processing. In addition to the FMW, the other prefrontal cortical sites, the lateral temporal neocortex, and the supramarginal gyrus seem to represent integral components of the brain's error monitoring system.

The Similarity of Brain Activity Associated with True and False Recognition Memory Depends On Test Format

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia K. Johnson ◽  
Scott F. Nolde ◽  
Mara Mather ◽  
John Kounios ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Test Format ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
False Recognitions ◽  
The Brain

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were compared for correct recognitions of previously presented words and false recognitions of associatively related, nonpresented words (lures) When the test items were presented blocked by test type (old, new, lure), waveforms for old and lure items were different, especially at frontal and left parietal electrode sites, consistent with previous positron emission tomography (PET) data (Schacter, Reiman, et al, 1996) When the test format randomly intermixed the types of items, waveforms for old and lure items were more similar We suggest that test format affects the type of processing subjects engage in, consistent with expectations from the source-monitoring framework (Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993) These results also indicate that brain activity as assessed by neuroimaging designs requiring blocked presentation of trials (e.g., PET) do not necessarily reflect the brain activity that occurs in cognitive-behavioral paradigms, in which types of test trials are typically intermixed

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) Reflecting Feedback and Error Processing in the Context of Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frieder L. Schillinger
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
Context Of Learning ◽  
Learning And Instruction

Abstract. Feedback allows individuals to detect errors and to adapt subsequent behavior in order to ensure goal achievement. As such, feedback provides rich and essential information for human learning. Consequently, feedback is of great importance for education and has been extensively studied by educational researchers (see Dion & Restrepo, 2016 ). One way to examine feedback and error processing is by means of event-related potentials (ERPs) in the human electroencephalography (EEG). The aim of this commentary is to portray two ERPs which have been directly linked to feedback and error processing in the human brain, namely the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the error-related negativity (ERN). Firstly, the core empirical findings regarding the FRN/ERN are described, followed by a brief outline of two theories accounting for both ERPs. Finally, the potential of the FRN/ERN in advancing our understanding of feedback and error processing in the context of learning and instruction is discussed.

scholarly journals Brain activity in an awake chimpanzee in response to the sound of her own name

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Ueno ◽  
Satoshi Hirata ◽  
Kohki Fuwa ◽  
Keiko Sugama ◽  
Kiyo Kusunoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Negative Shift ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Own Name ◽  
Group Member ◽  
The Brain

The brain activity of a fully awake chimpanzee being presented with her name was investigated. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured for each of the following auditory stimuli: the vocal sound of the subject's own name (SON), the vocal sound of a familiar name of another group member, the vocal sound of an unfamiliar name and a non-vocal sound. Some differences in ERP waveforms were detected between kinds of stimuli at latencies at which P3 and Nc components are typically observed in humans. Following stimulus onset, an Nc-like negative shift at approximately 500 ms latency was observed, particularly in response to SON. Such specific ERP patterns suggest that the chimpanzee processes her name differently from other sounds.

Brain Imaging Technologies: How, What, When and Why?

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evian Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Technologies ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Innovations in physics and computing technology over the past two decades have provided a powerful means of exploring the overall structure and function of the brain using a range of computerised brain imaging technologies (BITs). These technologies offer the means to elucidate the patterns of pathophysiology underlying mental illness. The aim of this paper is to explore the current status and some of the future directions in the application of BITs to psychiatry. Method: Brain imaging technologies provide unambiguous measures of brain structure (computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and also index complementary measures of when (electroencephalography, event related potentials, magnetoencephalography) and where (functional MRI, single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography) aspects of brain activity occur. Results: The structural technologies are primarily used to exclude a biological cause in cases of a suspected psychiatric disorder. The functional technologies show considerable potential to delineate subgroups of patients (that may have different treatment outcomes), and evaluate objectively the effects of treatment on the brain as a system. What is seldom emphasised in the literature are the numerous inconsistencies, the lack of specificity of findings and the simplistic interpretation of much of the data. Conclusion: Brain imaging technologies show considerable utility, but we are barely scratching the surface of this potential. Simplistic over-interpretation of results can be minimised by: replication of BIT findings, judicious combination of complementary methodologies, use of appropriate activation tasks, analysis with respect to large normative databases, control for performance, examining the data ‘beyond averaging’, delineating clinical subtypes, exploring the severity of symptoms, specificity of findings and effects of treatment in the same patients. The technological innovation of BITs still far outstrips the sophistication of their use; it is essential that the meaning and mechanisms underlying BITmeasures are always evaluated with respect to prevailing models of brain function across disciplines.

Time Course of Error-Potentiated Startle and its Relationship to Error-Related Brain Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Riesel ◽  
Anna Weinberg ◽  
Tim Moran ◽  
Greg Hajcak
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Startle Probe ◽  
Oscillatory Power ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Defensive Action

Errors are aversive, motivationally-salient events which prime defensive action. This is reflected in a potentiated startle reflex after the commission of an error. The current study replicates and extends previous work examining the time course of error-potentiated startle as a function of startle lag (i.e., 300 ms or 800 ms following correct and error responses). In addition, the relationship between error-potentiated startle and error-related brain activity in both the temporal (error-related negativity, ERN/Ne) and spectral (error-related theta and delta power) domains was investigated. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 32 healthy undergraduates while they performed an arrowhead version of a flanker task. Complex Morlet wavelets were applied to compute oscillatory power in the delta- and theta-band range. Consistent with our previous report, startle was larger following errors. Furthermore, this effect was evident at both early and late startle probe times. Increased delta and theta power after an error was associated with larger error-potentiated startle. An association between ERN amplitude and error-potentiated startle was only observed in a subgroup of individuals with relatively large ERN/Ne amplitude. Among these individuals, ERN/Ne magnitude was also related to multiple indices of task performance. This study further supports the notion that errors are aversive events that prime defensive motivation, and that error-potentiated startle is evident beyond the immediate commission of an error and can be predicted from error-related brain activity.

scholarly journals Distinct Patterns of Neural Activity during Memory Formation of Nonwords versus Words

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1776-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leun J. Otten ◽  
Josefin Sveen ◽  
Angela H. Quayle
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Item Type ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Incidental Encoding ◽  
The Brain

Research into the neural underpinnings of memory formation has focused on the encoding of familiar verbal information. Here, we address how the brain supports the encoding of novel information that does not have meaning. Electrical brain activity was recorded from the scalps of healthy young adults while they performed an incidental encoding task (syllable judgments) on separate series of words and “nonwords” (nonsense letter strings that are orthographically legal and pronounceable). Memory for the items was then probed with a recognition memory test. For words as well as nonwords, event-related potentials differed depending on whether an item would subsequently be remembered or forgotten. However, the polarity and timing of the effect varied across item type. For words, subsequently remembered items showed the usually observed positive-going, frontally distributed modulation from around 600 msec after word onset. For nonwords, by contrast, a negative-going, spatially widespread modulation predicted encoding success from 1000 msec onward. Nonwords also showed a modulation shortly after item onset. These findings imply that the brain supports the encoding of familiar and unfamiliar letter strings in qualitatively different ways, including the engagement of distinct neural activity at different points in time. The processing of semantic attributes plays an important role in the encoding of words and the associated positive frontal modulation.

Automatic and Controlled Processing of Melodic Contour and Interval Information Measured by Electrical Brain Activity

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel J. Trainor ◽  
Kelly L. McDonald ◽  
Claude Alain
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Controlled Processing ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Pitch Information ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Brain

Most work on how pitch is encoded in the auditory cortex has focused on tonotopic (absolute) pitch maps. However, melodic information is thought to be encoded in the brain in two different “relative pitch” forms, a domain-general contour code (up/down pattern of pitch changes) and a music-specific interval code (exact pitch distances between notes). Event-related potentials were analyzed in nonmusicians from both passive and active oddball tasks where either the contour or the interval of melody—final notes was occasionally altered. The occasional deviant notes generated a right frontal positivity peaking around 350 msec and a central parietal P3b peaking around 580 msec that were present only when participants focused their attention on the auditory stimuli. Both types of melodic information were encoded automatically in the absence of absolute pitch cues, as indexed by a mismatch negativity wave recorded during the passive conditions. The results indicate that even in the absence of musical training, the brain is set up to automatically encode music-specific melodic information, even when absolute pitch information is not available.

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