Internalizing Problems and Attentional Control

Abstract. Individuals with internalizing problems differ in levels of attentional control (AC), and this heterogeneity could be associated with differences in autonomic arousal. The present study investigated whether AC moderated the effect of internalizing problems on self-reported experience and autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses after the induction of negative affect. Children aged 9–13 years were recruited into a patient group (29) and a healthy control group (25). AC was measured by the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire. Heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) and pre-ejection period (PEP) were recorded during baseline, a sad film clip and recovery, and analyzed using a marginal linear model. Children reported their experienced emotion, valence, and arousal in response to the film. A significant interaction effect showed increased HRV and longer PEP from baseline to recovery for patients with higher AC. Patients with lower AC showed increased HRV followed by a return to baseline values after the film clip and no significant changes in PEP. Healthy controls showed no significant changes in HRV or PEP independent of level of AC. There were no differences between groups in self-reported experience. The results indicate that AC moderated the effect of internalizing problems on ANS regulation. Increased HRV and longer PEP from baseline to recovery were uniquely associated with higher AC and internalizing problems. This physiological response might indicate a cognitive avoidance strategy. AC could be an important factor explaining heterogeneity in ANS activity among individuals with internalizing problems. Clinical implications of the present findings are discussed.

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Biofeedback as an intervention for persistent post-concussive symptoms: A randomized feasibility trial

Journal of Concussion ◽

10.1177/20597002211046459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 205970022110464

Author(s):

Marquise M Bonn ◽

Liliana Alvarez ◽

Laura Graham ◽

James W Thompson ◽

James P Dickey

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Biofeedback Training ◽

Feasibility Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Resolution ◽

Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback ◽

Electromagnetic Tomography ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Study Intervention

Background Case reports indicate that low-resolution electromagnetic tomography neurofeedback and heart rate variability biofeedback may improve physiological functioning in individuals with persistent post-concussive symptoms. However, it is unclear whether larger-scale studies are feasible. Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of a combined low-resolution electromagnetic tomography neurofeedback and heart rate variability biofeedback intervention for individuals with persistent post-concussive symptoms. Methods Individuals with persistent post-concussive symptoms were randomized into intervention and control groups, and their baseline and post-test assessments were compared to a healthy control group. Outcomes included self-report questionnaires, resting electroencephalograph and electrocardiograph recordings, and a driving simulation task. Participants in the intervention group completed three 20 min low-resolution electromagnetic tomography neurofeedback sessions per week and at-home heart rate variability biofeedback training every morning and night for 8 weeks. Feasibility was evaluated according to recruitment capability and sample characteristics, data collection procedures, suitability of the intervention and study procedures, management and implementation of the study intervention, and preliminary participant responses to the intervention. Results Thirty-three individuals were recruited and 24 completed this study (seven intervention participants, nine persistent post-concussive symptoms control participants, and eight healthy control participants). One-quarter of participants (four intervention participants and three persistent post-concussive symptoms control participants) experienced simulator sickness during the driving simulator task and had to withdraw from the study. Intervention participants had an 88% and 86% compliance rate for the low-resolution electromagnetic tomography neurofeedback and heart rate variability biofeedback sessions, respectively. Low-resolution electromagnetic tomography neurofeedback sessions took approximately 1 h to complete per participant. Preliminary analysis indicated that the intervention reduced electroencephalograph z-score deviation with a very large effect size ( d = 1.36) compared to the other study groups. Conclusions Pilot studies evaluating the efficacy of low-resolution electromagnetic tomography neurofeedback and heart rate variability biofeedback should be performed to confirm these preliminary findings. However, the protocol should be modified to reduce participant fatigue and withdrawal. This trial was registered with Clinicialtrials.gov (NCT03338036; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03338036?term=03338036&draw=2&rank=1 ).

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Affective Learning and Psychophysiological Reactivity in Dementia Patients

International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.1155/2012/672927 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andreas Blessing ◽

Andreas Keil ◽

L. Forest Gruss ◽

Jacqueline Zöllig ◽

Gerhard Dammann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Affective Learning ◽

Control Group ◽

Biographical Information ◽

Psychophysiological Reactivity ◽

Dementia Patients ◽

The Face ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Rating Changes ◽

Face Stimuli

We examined the association of faces with biographical information that varied in emotional content in patients with Alzheimer's disease and a healthy control group. During two experimental sessions, participants rated neutral male faces on dimensions of hedonic valence and emotional arousal, later paired with fictitious biographical information. Both groups changed their ratings of the faces according to the biographical content. Free recall and recognition were tested in the second session. Patients neither recalled the biographical information nor recognized the faces, whereas the controls did. In addition, psychophysiological measures were taken in response to the face stimuli. Patients showed significant heart rate modulation as a function of their emotion ratings, whereas the controls did not. No correlation of rating changes with skin conductance was found in any group. Results suggest that psychophysiological reactions such as heart rate changes may indicate preserved affective associative learning in dementia patients despite impaired explicit memory.

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About the Possibilities of Registration of Drug Influence by Means of Radiocardiographic Function Analysis

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1620650 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 20 (05) ◽

pp. 236-240

Author(s):

N. Kleine ◽

G. Hoffmann ◽

E. Lösel

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Heart Muscle ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Ejection Time ◽

Cardiac Dynamics ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Drug Influence ◽

Enddiastolic Volume

Changes in cardiac dynamics were analyzed by means of radiocardiographic function analysis under an infusion of epinephrine using the method of RAB. Typical changes in heart rate, stroke volume and blood pressure were observed after the application of epinephrine. Compared to examinations under physical exercise in case of healthy control subjects there was no typical decrease of enddiastolic volume dependent on the heart rate. Ejection time and ejection velocity were placed within the variation compared to values of a control group under physical exercise but there was a steeper increase of the curve under the effect of epinephrine. Under the influence of SolcoserylR no significant change could be observed in this series of tests compared to the basic values. The effect of epinephrine was changed by SolcoserylR in the way of an essentially smaller rise in heart rate and of a definite prolongation in diastolic time. A change in ejection time under the influence of epinephrine after the application of SolcoserylR could not be found. This allows the conclusion, that under the influence of SolcoserylR and after the administration of epinephrine better conditions for the metabolic restitution of heart muscle are given and consequently a direct effect of SolcoserylR on the heart muscle can be assumed.

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M46. THE STUDY OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND EMOTIONAL RESPONSE TO POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AUDIOVISUAL STIMULATION IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.358 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S151-S151

Author(s):

Seung-Ho Jang ◽

Won-Myong Bahk ◽

Young-Joon Kwon ◽

Bo-Hyun Yoon ◽

Kwanghun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Control Group ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Audiovisual Stimulation ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Empathy Scale

Abstract Background This study was to investigate the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and emotional response to positive and negative audiovisual stimulation in patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy control group. Methods Among 253 chronic schizophrenic patients, 104 patients were informed about this research and consented. 35 healthy control consisted of peoples that did not have past and present history of mental and physical illness. Positive and negative affect and HRV were compared between chronic schizophrenia and healthy control groups, and positive and negative affect and HRV to positive and negative audiovisual stimulation were measured. Positive and negative audiovisual stimulation was defined by an art therapy professionalist and a psychiatrist as 10 positive and negative pictures. 3 positive and negative musics were shown to two groups for 4 minutes simulta¬neously. Positive and negative audiovisual stimulation were shown to two groups during 1-week intermission. HRV was measured with Ubpulse H3, an equipment for autonomic nervous system test made by Laxtha company and also analyzed by frequency domain analysis. Emotional Empathy Scale(EES) and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) of two groups were measured at baseline and after positive and negative audiovisual stimulation. Global Assessment of Functioning Scale(GAF) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) of chronic schizophrenia group were measured by a psychiatrist. Results Positive affect of patients group were significantly lower than control group, negative affect of patients group were significantly higher than control group. Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF), and Total Power (TP) of HRV in patients group were significantly lowered than control group at baseline. 7 subscales of emotional empathy scale were lowered in patients group compared to control group. Positive affect of patients group was significantly less increased compared to the control group after positive audiovisual stimulation, negative affect of patients group was significantly less decreased to the control group after positive audiovisual stimulation. Positive affect of patients group was increased after negative audiovisual stimulation, but positive affect of control group was significantly decreased compared to the patients group after negative audiovisual stimulation. There was no significant difference in negative affect between two groups after audiovisual stimulation. LF of patients group was significantly higher than control group after positive audiovisual stimulation, HF and TP of patients group were significantly lowered than control group after positive audiovisual stimulation. LF of patients group was significantly higher than control group after negative audiovisual stimulation, HF and PT of patients were significantly lowered than control group after negative audiovisual stimulation. Discussion Audiovisual stimulation in integrative arts therapy program for schizophrenia might have avoid overactive sympathetic stimulation and recommend activate parasympathetic stimulation. Integrative art therapy for schizophrenia must be sufficiently relaxed, empathetic, and promote positive affect during therapeutic process.

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An evaluation of heart rate variability and its modifying factors in children with type 1 diabetes

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951113001224 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 872-879 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Senem Özgür ◽

Özben Ceylan ◽

Filiz Şenocak ◽

Utku A. Örün ◽

Vehbi Doğan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Healthy Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Haemoglobin A1c ◽

Very Low Frequency ◽

Healthy Control

AbstractObjective: To evaluate heart rate variability by Holter monitoring in type 1 diabetic children compared with a healthy control group and determine the factors modifying heart rate variability. Methods: This was designed as a prospective study comparing 28 patients, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and under follow-up, with 27 healthy control group subjects. Results: The patients were aged 9.9 ± 4.2 years in the diabetic group, including 13 (46.5%) girls and 15 (53.5%) boys. The healthy control group comprised 20 (74%) girls and seven boys (26%) with an average age of 8.6 ± 3.7 years. The search for factors modifying heart rate variability yielded the following correlations: for the time-dependent variables, negative between age and both average and maximal heart rate (r = −0.263 and −0.460, respectively), negative between haemoglobin A1c and percentage of differences between adjacent RR intervals >50 ms, positive between diabetes duration and square root of the mean of the sum of squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals. The average heart rate and percentage of differences between adjacent RR intervals >50 ms was significantly higher in the girls than the boys in all groups. With regard to the frequency-dependent factors affecting heart rate variability, correlations were found between haemoglobin A1c level and both total power and very low frequency (r = −0.751 and −0.644) and between very low frequency and diabetes duration. Conclusion: A reduction in heart rate variability parameters was observed in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients who had a long disease duration or were poorly controlled, as compared with healthy controls.

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Psychobiological Correlates of Aggression in Female Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder

Psychopathology ◽

10.1159/000520228 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Marialuisa Cavelti ◽

Lena Rinnewitz ◽

Moritz Walter ◽

Patrice van der Venne ◽

Peter Parzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Borderline Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Borderline Personality ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Significant Group ◽

Healthy Control

Introduction: Aggressive behavior in reaction to threats, frustration, or provocation is prevalent in borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study investigated aggressive behavior and its biological correlates in adolescents with BPD. Methods: Twenty-one female adolescents with a DSM-IV BPD diagnosis and 25 sex- and age-matched healthy controls participated in the Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP), a laboratory-based experiment measuring aggressive behavior in the interpersonal context. Heart rate was measured and saliva samples were taken throughout the experiment. Results: Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analyses revealed no significant group difference in aggressive behavior induced by the TAP. Additionally, the two groups did not differ in cortisol, testosterone, and heart rate responses to the aggression induction. The BPD group showed a significant cortisol increase in the time preceding the start of the TAP in contrast to the healthy control group, in whom a significant heart rate increase from baseline to the first block of the TAP was observed. Discussion: There was no evidence, either at the phenomenological or the biological level, of increased task-induced aggression in adolescents with BPD. The results may indicate that adolescents with BPD experienced fearful stress in anticipation of the experimental task in contrast to healthy controls who showed an adaptive response of the autonomic nervous system necessary to deal with the upcoming demand.

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Accurate Judgment by Dementia Patients of Neutral Faces with Respect to Trustworthiness and Valence

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 33-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andreas Blessing ◽

Jacqueline Zöllig ◽

Gerhard Dammann ◽

Mike Martin

Keyword(s):

Rating Scales ◽

Verbal Material ◽

Healthy Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Dementia Patients ◽

Accurate Judgment ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Face Stimuli ◽

Valence And Arousal ◽

Unfamiliar Faces

The present study investigates whether dementia patients can make accurate social and affective judgments of face stimuli. We used verbal material as a control condition to see whether dementia patients are capable of using the rating scales the same way as controls. We compared the trustworthiness, valence, and arousal ratings of dementia patients with those from a healthy control group. Participants rated pictures of young and old, female and male neutral faces and two fictitious biographies. The results indicate that dementia patients make accurate judgments of unfamiliar faces with respect to trustworthiness and valence. Results concerning arousal ratings suggest that the corresponding scale might be difficult to use for dementia patients and possibly for older participants as well.

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Vitamin D Treatment in Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis may Decrease the Development of Hypothyroidism

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000269 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (1-2) ◽

pp. 9-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bekir Ucan ◽

Mustafa Sahin ◽

Muyesser Sayki Arslan ◽

Nujen Colak Bozkurt ◽

Muhammed Kizilgul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Healthy Control Group ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Control Group ◽

Endocrine Society ◽

Thyroid Autoantibody ◽

Healthy Control ◽

The Mean

Abstract.The relationship between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and vitamin D has been demonstrated in several studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate vitamin D concentrations in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the effect of vitamin D therapy on the course of disease, and to determine changes in thyroid autoantibody status and cardiovascular risk after vitamin D therapy. We included 75 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 43 healthy individuals. Vitamin D deficiency is defined as a 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D3) concentration less than 20ng/mL. Vitamin D deficient patients were given 50.000 units of 25(OH)D3 weekly for eight weeks in accordance with the Endocrine Society guidelines. All evaluations were repeated after 2 months of treatment. Patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis had significantly lower vitamin D concentrations compared with the controls (9.37±0.69 ng/mL vs 11.95±1.01 ng/mL, p < 0.05, respectively). Thyroid autoantibodies were significantly decreased by vitamin D replacement treatment in patients with euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Also, HDL cholesterol concentrations improved in the euthyroid Hashimoto group after treatment. The mean free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations were 0.89±0.02 ng/dL in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 1.07±0.03 ng/dL in the healthy control group (p < 0.001). The mean thyroid volumes were 7.71±0.44 mL in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 5.46±0.63 mL in the healthy control group (p < 0.01). Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and treatment of patients with this condition with Vitamin D may slow down the course of development of hypothyroidism and also decrease cardiovascular risks in these patients. Vitamin D measurement and replacement may be critical in these patients.

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The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.6.1.15 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 15-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Harald Walach ◽

Stefan Schmidt ◽

Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽

Susanne Wiesch

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Well Being ◽

Control Group ◽

Double Blind ◽

Main Effect ◽

The Difference ◽

Being There ◽

To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

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Measures of RSA Suppression, Attentional Control, and Negative Affect Predict Self-Ratings of Executive Functions

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000053 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 164-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Brian Healy ◽

Aaron Treadwell ◽

Mandy Reagan

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽

Attentional Control ◽

Executive Processes ◽

Sinus Arrhythmia ◽

Low Levels

The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that individual differences in estimates of the suppression of RSA, and ratings of attentional control were associated with the ability to employ executive processes but only when self-ratings of negative affect were low. An increase in negative affect compromised the ability to employ these strategies in the majority of participants. The data also suggest that high attentional control in conjunction with attenuated estimates of RSA suppression may increase the ability to use executive processes as negative affect increases.

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