Multicultural Education and Inter-Ethnic Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Jochem Thijs
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ethnic Attitudes

Despite the recent retreat of multiculturalism in various European countries, forms of multicultural education are favored and practiced in many of these countries. These educational practices are considered desirable and necessary for the development of positive inter-ethnic relations. After considering conceptions of multicultural education, we discuss multilevel quantitative research on perceived multicultural education and its effects on inter-ethnic attitudes among early adolescents in the Netherlands. The positive effects of multicultural education are interpreted in terms of children’s improved cultural knowledge and understanding, and the establishment of anti-racism norms within the classroom. These two theoretical mechanisms can explain the positive impact of multicultural education on children’s inter-ethnic attitudes. The review of the research is concluded by providing directions and suggestions for future research.

The Effects of Technology Supports on Community Grocery Shopping Skills for Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 016264342198997
Author(s):  
Sojung Jung ◽  
Ciara Ousley ◽  
David McNaughton ◽  
Pamela Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In this meta-analytic review, we investigated the effects of technology supports on the acquisition of shopping skills for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) between the ages of 5 and 24. Nineteen single-case experimental research studies, presented in 15 research articles, met the current study’s inclusion criteria and the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) standards. An analysis of potential moderators was conducted, and we calculated effect sizes using Tau-U to examine the impact of age, diagnosis, and type of technology on the reported outcomes for the 56 participants. The results from the included studies provide evidence that a wide range of technology interventions had a positive impact on shopping performance. These positive effects were seen for individuals across a wide range of ages and disability types, and for a wide variety of shopping skills. The strongest effect sizes were observed for technologies that provided visual supports rather than just auditory support. We provide an interpretation of the findings, implications of the results, and recommended areas for future research.

scholarly journals Social support for students with visual impairments in educational institutions: An integrative literature review

2020 ◽  
pp. 026461962094188
Author(s):  
Ifigeneia Manitsa ◽  
Maro Doikou
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Positive Effects

Students with visual impairments often experience emotional problems and encounter difficulties in forming and maintaining social relationships. Research indicates that the social support provided to these students by staff members and their peers in educational institutions may have a positive impact on their academic learning and socioemotional development. The purpose of this integrative literature review was to synthesise the results from 17 academic articles published during 1998 and 2018, which examined the topic of social support for students with visual impairments in educational institutions. This review reveals that for students with visual impairments cooperation, empathetic behaviour, and practical assistance are the main components of social support. These students actively seek social support from staff members and peers, but they face many challenges, such as the lack of training and awareness. Support from staff members contributes to students’ academic learning and social inclusion, whereas peers’ social support enhances their self-esteem and social acceptance. The outlined positive effects of educational interventions on students’ social skills and social interaction support the need for implementing more interventions. The limitations of the studies reviewed and recommendations for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Developing Cross-Cultural Competency through Multicultural Perspective: An Exploratory Inquiry

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (27) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Yvette Pierre ◽  
Nirmaljit K. Rathee ◽  
Vikramjit S. Rathee
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Cultural Competency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Cultural Attitude ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Education Coursework

For the past decade, schools at all grade levels in United States continue to consist of students who belong to different culture, and hence the need for culturally competent teachers to address the culturally diverse needs of the students is at its highest peak. One of the ways to impart the attributes of cultural competency to preservice teachers, who will become future teachers, to focus on culturally relevant coursework. This study was carried out via an undergraduate multicultural education course which focused on imparting cultural attitude awareness and cultural knowledge attributes of cultural competency to the students. The influence of this course on these attributes of the students was investigated through a Cultural Competence Survey. The results of this study indicate that experiential and practical aspect of multicultural education has a positive impact on increasing the cultural attitude awareness of the students. It is, hence, a focused, experiential, and practical multicultural education coursework to train culturally competent next generation of teachers.

Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 226-244
Author(s):  
Mugove Mashingaidze ◽  
Mapeto Bomani ◽  
Evelyn Derera
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Gathering Data

The chapter investigated the influence of the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions (i.e., risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness) on SME growth in Masvingo, Zimbabwe. A quantitative research approach using a structured questionnaire was adopted for gathering data. A simple random technique was employed to identify the respondents from the urban area of Masvingo. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were utilised for data analysis. The results showed that risk-taking and proactiveness have a significant positive impact on business growth while innovativeness had an insignificant negative effect on SMEs' business growth. The chapter recommends more effective training programmes on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurship before providing financial assistance. Furthermore, SMEs should focus on innovation to gain high financial returns. Future research could focus on the mediating variables between entrepreneurial orientation and business growth relationships within and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Enable, Reconnect and Augment: A New ERA of Virtual Nature Research and Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigbjørn Litleskare ◽  
Tadhg E. MacIntyre ◽  
Giovanna Calogiuri
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Real Nature

Being exposed to natural environments is associated with improved health and well-being, as these environments are believed to promote feelings of “being away” from everyday struggles, positive emotional reactions and stress reduction. Despite these positive effects, humanity is becoming increasingly more distanced from nature due to societal changes, such as increased urbanization and the reduced accessibility of natural environments. Technology is also partly to blame, as research suggests that people replace nature contact with increased screen time. In this cross-section between nature and technology, we find technological nature which is progressing towards a point where we may be capable of simulating exposure to real nature. Concerns have been raised regarding this technology, as it is feared it will replace real nature. However, research suggests that virtual nature may have a more positive impact on society than a mere replacement of real nature, and this review propose several areas where virtual nature may be a beneficial addition to actual nature (Enable), help people reconnect with the real natural world (Reconnect) and “boost” human-nature interactions (Augment). Based on the current research and theoretical framework, this review proposes guidelines for future research within these areas, with the aim of advancing the field by producing high quality research.

scholarly journals Generational Effects of Workplace Flexibility on Work Engagement, Satisfaction, and Commitment in South Korean Deluxe Hotels

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9143
Author(s):  
Hyo-Sun Jung ◽  
Hye-Hyun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Workplace Flexibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Hotel Employees ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Deluxe Hotel

This study examined the effects of workplace flexibility at deluxe hotels on work engagement, satisfaction, and commitment, to determine the moderating effect of generational characteristics (Generation X, Y, and Z). A total of 277 deluxe hotel employees in South Korea participated in the research. The results confirmed the positive effects of workplace flexibility on the engagement and satisfaction of deluxe hotel employees; second, employees’ work engagement had a positive effect on their satisfaction; third, employees’ satisfaction had a positive impact on employees’ commitment; and fourth, the influence of workplace flexibility on engagement did not differ by generation. However, Generation Z showed the largest increase in employee engagement resulting from work flexibility. This result signifies that, when compared to other generations, Generation Z places great importance on workplace flexibility. This study suggests that deluxe hotels should create flexible policies and organizational climates to increase employees’ work engagement, satisfaction, and commitment. The paper also discusses limitations and future research directions.

scholarly journals Is There a Shared History? The Role of Contextual Factors in the Psychology of Inter-Ethnic Relations in Estonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Larissa Kus
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Ethnic Attitudes ◽  
Legitimizing Beliefs ◽  
The Impact

<p>Due to socio-political changes in Estonia in early 1990s, Russians and Estonians exchanged their social status – the previous superior position of minority Russians' was reversed after the restoration of independence in Estonia, while the status of native Estonians changed from underprivileged to privileged. These historical developments have not only affected the adaptation of Russian-speaking minorities, but also impacted on interethnic relations. This thesis investigates the adaptation difficulties of Estonian Russians and the unsettled inter-group relations in Estonia. The first chapter explains the unique features of the Estonian context that underpins the current inter-group situation. Previous research shows that inter-ethnic tensions have not been reconciled in Estonia, and Russian-speaking minorities are deprived in socio-economic areas compared to native Estonians. Relevant psychological theories are discussed in chapter two as a conceptual framework for investigating inter-ethnic relations in Estonia, laying the foundation for further research. In chapter 3, Study 1 introduces a qualitative exploration of both ethnic majority and minority perspectives on adaptation of Russian-speaking minorities and inter-ethnic situation in Estonia, revealing several incompatibilities in perceptions of Estonians and Russians. Different histories were shown to be important for Estonians and Russians. The legitimacy of status relations was claimed by Estonians, but rejected by Russians. Relative deprivation and intergroup comparisons were important sources of dissatisfaction and negative inter-ethnic relations for Russians, while Estonians generally disputed the deprivation of Russians. Estonians perceived threat to the existence of their nationhood, which was absent in Russians' perceptions. In chapter 4, Study 2 examined the impact of contextual intergroup variables on Russians' psychological adaptation and outgroup attitudes. In the final regression model, perceived deprivation relative to Estonians, status non-legitimizing beliefs and temporal comparisons remained significant predictors of low psychological adaptation of Russians and further mediated the effects of identity and history on psychological adaptation. Strong Estonian identity, weak Russian identity and status non-legitimizing beliefs functioned as significant predictors of positive ethnic attitudes. Assimilated Russian participants exhibited the best psychological adaptation and most positive ethnic attitudes, while the poorest adaptation was shown by individuals preferring integration. In chapter 5, Study 3 examined the majority perspective on intercultural relations in Estonia by investigating Estonians' inter-ethnic attitudes and support for affirmative action. Political and economic threat and status legitimizing beliefs played a significant role in mediating the effects of identity and history on ethnic attitudes. Support for affirmative action was predicted by lower perceptions of economic threat, perceived status non-legitimizing beliefs, and importance of Russian history. Estonians preferring Russians' integration or separation showed the most positive ethnic attitudes and the strongest support for affirmative action. Estonians perceiving Russians to be assimilated or integrated had more positive ethnic attitudes and were more supportive of affirmative action in comparison to those perceiving Russians as separated or marginalized. The final chapter consolidates the contextual factors, relevant psychological theories and key findings of this research. It emphasizes the importance of the socio-political and historical context in shaping the results and makes recommendations for future research and considers ways for improvement of ethnic relations in Estonia.</p>

scholarly journals The Psychosocial Effects of Taekwondo Training: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11427
Author(s):  
Yu-Jin Kim ◽  
Seung-Hui Baek ◽  
Jong-Beom Park ◽  
Sang-Hwan Choi ◽  
Jae-Don Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Life ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
International Sport

Taekwondo is a Korean martial art and international sport, and its psychosocial benefits for its trainees have been studied extensively. This review aims to systematically assess and meta-analyze the effects of Taekwondo training on sociality, character, etiquette, and school life adjustment. We searched the RISS, NDSL, and KISS electronic databases between January 1985 and December 2019. We also included gray literature, such as theses, in addition to peer-reviewed articles. R software (version 3.6.2, R Core Team, Vienna, Austria) was used to synthesize the effect sizes and perform moderation analyses. Twenty-eight studies (24 cross-sectional and four intervention studies) were included in the final meta-analysis. Significant positive effects of Taekwondo training were found on sociality (MD = 0.266, 95% CI: 0.191 to 0.341), character (MD = 0.446, 95% CI: 0.331–0.560), etiquette (MD = 0.562, 95% CI: 0.500–0.624), and school life adjustment (MD = 0.308, 95% CI: 0.195–0.421). Overall, the findings of this meta-analysis support that Taekwondo can have a positive impact on the psychosocial factors of trainees. Due to several limitations discussed, well-designed RCTs and multiple levels of Taekwondo intervention studies should be conducted in future research to validate the current findings.

scholarly journals From Therapeutic Factors to Mechanisms of Change in the Creative Arts Therapies: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina de Witte ◽  
Hod Orkibi ◽  
Rebecca Zarate ◽  
Vicky Karkou ◽  
Nisha Sajnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Creative Arts ◽  
Therapeutic Factors ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Creative Arts Therapies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range

Empirical studies in the creative arts therapies (CATs; i.e., art therapy, dance/movement therapy, drama therapy, music therapy, psychodrama, and poetry/bibliotherapy) have grown rapidly in the last 10 years, documenting their positive impact on a wide range of psychological and physiological outcomes (e.g., stress, trauma, depression, anxiety, and pain). However, it remains unclear how and why the CATs have positive effects, and which therapeutic factors account for these changes. Research that specifically focuses on the therapeutic factors and/or mechanisms of change in CATs is only beginning to emerge. To gain more insight into how and why the CATs influence outcomes, we conducted a scoping review (Nstudies = 67) to pinpoint therapeutic factors specific to each CATs discipline, joint factors of CATs, and more generic common factors across all psychotherapy approaches. This review therefore provides an overview of empirical CATs studies dealing with therapeutic factors and/or mechanisms of change, and a detailed analysis of these therapeutic factors which are grouped into domains. A framework of 19 domains of CATs therapeutic factors is proposed, of which the three domains are composed solely of factors unique to the CATs: “embodiment,” “concretization,” and “symbolism and metaphors.” The terminology used in change process research is clarified, and the implications for future research, clinical practice, and CATs education are discussed.

How Do Virtual Teams Work Efficiently

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chieh Liu ◽  
Janice M. Burn
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Positive Direct

Virtual teams are groups of members collaborating in the execution of a specific task from disperse locations. Increasing use of virtual teams has highlighted the need for organizations to focus on ways to improve their performance. The key issues of concern include both technical and social dimensions, and this research study addresses the latter. Hence, this study derives a social relationship model from a comprehensive literature review and conducts an experiment to validate this through SEM (structural equation modeling). The results reveal: (1) communication has a direct positive impact on relationship building, but indirect positive effects on performance and satisfaction; (2) relationship building impacts directly with strong and positive impacts on cohesion and trust, but indirectly with strong impacts on performance and satisfaction; (3) cohesion has a direct, strong, and positive impact on performance, but a strong indirect impact on satisfaction; (4) trust has a positive direct impact on performance, but an indirect positive impact on satisfaction; and (5) performance has a strong and positive impact on satisfaction. In addition, this study confirms that relationship building is a vital mediator in the social relationship model. Managerial implications and future research directions are identified.

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