Enhancing the Comparability Between Part-List Cueing and Collaborative Recall

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida V. Garrido ◽  
Leonel Garcia-Marques ◽  
David L. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
New Method ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Part List ◽  
Standard Part ◽  
Collaborative Recall ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The effects of part-list cueing and of collaborative recall in memory performance have been recently addressed as parallel phenomena. Notably they both impair recall (and boost frequency estimates) and they have been explained by the same underlying mechanisms. However, the comparability between the two paradigms is hindered by a number of procedural differences. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a new paradigm that makes standard part-list cueing and collaborative recall more comparable. In our study we compared free recall and frequency estimates of participants in a non-cueing condition with the same performance in a standard part-list cueing condition and in a condition in which part-list cues were gradually presented during recall (as it occurs in collaborative recall). Results indicate that the effects of part-list cueing continued to be reliable in both cueing conditions. Namely, recall was impaired and frequency estimates were boosted relatively to a non-cueing condition. The results obtained with this new method that enhances the direct comparability of the two paradigms provide further evidence for the parallel between the two effects.

Nuances in Alzheimer’s Genetic Risk Reveal Differential Predictions of Non-demented Memory Aging Trajectories: Selective Patterns by APOE Genotype and Sex

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Peggy McFall ◽  
Lars Bäckman ◽  
Roger A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
Selective Protection ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Apoe Genotypes

Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a prominent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a frequent target for associations with non-demented and cognitively impaired aging. APOE offers a unique opportunity to evaluate two dichotomous comparisons and selected gradations of APOE risk. Some evidence suggests that APOE effects may differ by sex and emerge especially in interaction with other AD-related biomarkers (e.g., vascular health). Methods: Longitudinal trajectories of non-demented adults (n = 632, 67% female, Mage = 68.9) populated a 40-year band of aging. Focusing on memory performance and individualized memory trajectories, a sequence of latent growth models was tested for predictions of (moderation between) APOE and pulse pressure (PP) as stratified by sex. The analyses (1) established robust benchmark PP effects on memory trajectories, (2) compared predictions of alternative dichotomous groupings (ε4- vs ε4+, ε2- vs ε2+), and (3) examined precision-based predictions by disaggregated APOE genotypes. Results: Healthier (lower) PP was associated with better memory performance and less decline. Therefore, all subsequent analyses were conducted in the interactive context of PP effects and sex stratification. The ε4-based dichotomization produced no differential genetic predictions. The ε2-based analyses showed sex differences, including selective protection for ε2-positive females. Exploratory follow-up disaggregated APOE genotype analyses suggested selective ε2 protection effects for both homozygotic and heterozygotic females. Conclusion: Precision analyses of AD genetic risk will advance the understanding of underlying mechanisms and improve personalized implementation of interventions.

scholarly journals Effects of valent image-based secondary tasks on verbal working memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1440-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip L Morgan ◽  
Craig Williams ◽  
Fay M Ings ◽  
Nia C Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
International Affective Picture System ◽  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Task Interruption ◽  
Lower Valence

Two experiments examined if exposure to emotionally valent image-based secondary tasks introduced at different points of a free recall working memory (WM) task impair memory performance. Images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) varied in the degree of negative or positive valance (mild, moderate, strong) and were positioned at low, moderate and high WM load points with participants rating them based upon perceived valence. As predicted, and based on previous research and theory, the higher the degree of negative (Experiment 1) and positive (Experiment 2) valence and the higher the WM load when a secondary task was introduced, the greater the impairment to recall. Secondary task images with strong negative valance were more disruptive than negative images with lower valence at moderate and high WM load task points involving encoding and/or rehearsal of primary task words (Experiment 1). This was not the case for secondary tasks involving positive images (Experiment 2), although participant valence ratings for positive IAPS images classified as moderate and strong were in fact very similar. Implications are discussed in relation to research and theory on task interruption and attentional narrowing and literature concerning the effects of emotive stimuli on cognition.

EXPRESS: On the Pervasive Effect of Word Frequency in Metamemory

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110533
Author(s):  
Pedro Simão Mendes ◽  
Monika Undorf
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Judgments Of Learning ◽  
Free Recall Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Performance Judgments

Predictions of one’s future memory performance – judgments of learning (JOLs) – are based on the cues that learners regard as diagnostic of memory performance. One of these cues is word frequency or how often words are experienced in the language. It is not clear, however, whether word frequency would affect JOLs when other cues are also available. The current study aims to close this gap by testing whether objective and subjective word frequency affect JOLs in the presence of font size as an additional cue. Across three experiments, participants studied words that varied in word frequency (Experiment 1: high and low objective frequency; Experiment 2: a whole continuum from high to low objective frequency; Experiment 3: high and low subjective and objective frequency) and were presented in a large (48pt) or a small (18pt) font size, made JOLs, and completed a free recall test. Results showed that people based their JOLs on both word frequency and font size. We conclude that word frequency is an important cue that affects metamemory even in multiple-cue situations.

scholarly journals Part-list cuing in speeded recognition and free recall

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl M. Oswald ◽  
Matt Serra ◽  
Anand Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Part List

Positive affect and its relationship to free recall memory performance in a sample of older Dutch adults from the Maastricht Aging Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hill ◽  
M. P. J. van Boxtel ◽  
R. Ponds ◽  
P. J. Houx ◽  
J. Jolles
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recall Memory ◽  
Aging Study

The Manipulation and Measurement of Task-specific Memory Self-Efficacy in Younger and Older Adults

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gardiner ◽  
Mary A. Luszcz ◽  
Janet Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recall Trial ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Before And After

Task-specific memory self-efficacy (TSMSE) was experimentally manipulated through provision of information about task difficulty, to determine its effect on free recall for 56 older (age 63-86) and 56 younger (age 16-25) adults. The implications of using prediction-based measures of TSMSE were addressed. After completing one recall trial of a list of 20 words, half the participants were told a second list comprised more difficult words; the others were told the second list would be similar to the first they had received. Free recall and TSMSE were measured before and after this manipulation. The manipulation reduced TSMSE for participants expecting a harder list of words, but not differently for younger compared with older adults. Younger and older adults’ recall declined at the second recall trial, but there was no difference between those expecting a harder list and those expecting a similar list. Recall was predicted by domain-specific memory self-efficacy as well as a traditional measure of TSMSE. The study demonstrated the malleability of memory self-efficacy, but called into question assertions about its salience as a mediator of older adults’ poorer memory performance.

The Effects of Amount of Processing on Recall and Recognition

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Richard Hanley ◽  
Peter Morris
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Incidental Memory ◽  
Context Cues

Johnson-Laird, Gibbs and de Mowbray (1978) and Ross (1981) have argued that amount of processing, as indexed by the overall number of decisions a subject makes, provides a good predictor of incidental memory performance. Conversely, McClelland, Rawles and Sinclair (1981) have provided evidence that it is normally the number of positive decisions rather than the overall number of decisions per se that determines level of recall. The present study replicated and extended the findings of McClelland and his colleagues. In free recall (Experiment 1 and 3), cued recall (Experiment 3) and recognition in the presence or absence of context cues (Experiments 2 and 3), an account based on number of positive decisions provided by far the better explanation. Experiment 3 also revealed that the experimental manipulations had a somewhat greater effect on recall than recognition. This is explained in terms of Tulving and Pearlstone's (1966) distinction between availability and accessibility. It is suggested that words associated with negative decisions are not only less accessible in memory, there are also fewer of them available for recall and recognition.

scholarly journals HIPPOCAMPAL CONNECTIVITY IN ILLITERATE ADULTS FROM BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Resende ◽  
Vivian Lara ◽  
Ana Luisa Santiago ◽  
Clarisse Friedlaender ◽  
Howard Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Selective Reminding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selective Reminding Test ◽  
Illiterate Adults

Background: The role of hippocampal connectivity for good memory performance is well known in persons with high educational level. However, it is understudied the role of hippocampal connectivity in illiterate populations. Objectives: To determine whether the hippocampal connectivity correlate with episodic memory in illiterate adults. Methods: Thirty-nine illiterate adults underwent resting state functional MRI and an episodic memory test (Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test). We correlated the hippocampal connectivity at rest with the free recall scores. Analyzes were corrected for head motion and physiological BOLD signal. Results: Participants were most female (66%) and black (79%) and the mean age was 49 years-old (±13.9). The mean score on free recall was 27.2 (±10.7) out of 48 points. We found a significant correlation between both hippocampi and the posterior cingulate and ventral medial prefrontal cortex. However, we did not find an association between the hippocampal connectivity and the memory scores. Conclusions: The lack of association with memory scores might be associated with low brain reserve in this group of individuals.

scholarly journals The relationship between eye movements and autobiographical recollection is mediated by individual differences in autobiographical capacity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Armson ◽  
Nicholas Diamond ◽  
Laryssa Levesque ◽  
Jennifer Ryan ◽  
Brian Levine
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
Blank Screen ◽  
Autobiographical Recall ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precise Role

The precise role of visual mechanisms in recollection of personal past events is unknown. The present study addresses this question from the oculomotor perspective. Participants freely recalled past episodes while viewing a blank screen under free and fixed viewing conditions. Memory performance was quantified with the Autobiographical Interview, which separates internal (episodic) and external (non-episodic) details. In Study 1, fixation rate was predictive of the number of internal (but not external) details recalled across both free and fixed viewing. In Study 2, using an experimenter-controlled staged event, we again observed the effect of fixations on free recall of internal (but not external) details, but this was modulated by individual differences in AM, such that the coupling between fixations and internal details was greater for those endorsing higher than lower episodic AM. These results suggest that eye movements promote richness in autobiographical recall, particularly for those with strong AM.

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