Motivation to Learn

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vered Halamish ◽  
Inbal Madmon ◽  
Anat Moed
Keyword(s):  
Correct Recall ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Intentional Learning ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Long Term Retention ◽  
Do So

Abstract. Learners are more likely to remember what they study if they are motivated to do so. Such motivation can be externally driven by prospective rewards, but also intrinsically driven by curiosity. The present research focused on the role of curiosity during intentional learning. We examined the potential mnemonic benefit of curiosity, whether this benefit is undermined when learners are externally motivated to learn by rewards, and whether it can be attributed to increased study time for information they are more curious about. In two experiments, participants were presented with trivia questions, rated their level of curiosity about each question, and then studied the answers, either with or without a prospect of reward for correct recall on a subsequent test. Study time was either fixed (Experiment 1) or self-paced (Experiment 2). Performance on a memory test 1 week later suggested that curiosity enhanced long-term retention, and that rewards did not undermine the benefit of curiosity. When learning was self-paced, study time increased with curiosity but did not account for the effect of curiosity on memory. The results highlight the important role curiosity plays in learning and suggest that curiosity and rewards can be used together effectively to promote students’ learning.

The role of retrieval practice in memory and analogical problem-solving

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Autumn B Hostetter ◽  
Elizabeth A Penix ◽  
Mackenzie Z Norman ◽  
W Robert Batsell ◽  
Thomas H Carr
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Analogous Problem ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Analogical Problem ◽  
Long Term Retention ◽  
Do So

Retrieval practice (e.g., testing) has been shown to facilitate long-term retention of information. In two experiments, we examine whether retrieval practice also facilitates use of the practised information when it is needed to solve analogous problems. When retrieval practice was not limited to the information most relevant to the problems (Experiment 1), it improved memory for the information a week later compared with copying or rereading the information, although we found no evidence that it improved participants’ ability to apply the information to the problems. In contrast, when retrieval practice was limited to only the information most relevant to the problems (Experiment 2), we found that retrieval practice enhanced memory for the critical information, the ability to identify the schematic similarities between the two sources of information, and the ability to apply that information to solve an analogous problem after a hint was given to do so. These results suggest that retrieval practice, through its effect on memory, can facilitate application of information to solve novel problems but has minimal effects on spontaneous realisation that the information is relevant.

scholarly journals Streamflow recession patterns can help unravel the role of climate and humans in landscape co-evolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1413-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Bogaart ◽  
Ype van der Velde ◽  
Steve W. Lyon ◽  
Stefan C. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Linear Behaviour ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Future Landscape ◽  
Do So

Abstract. Traditionally, long-term predictions of river discharges and their extremes include constant relationships between landscape properties and model parameters. However, due to the co-evolution of many landscape properties more sophisticated methods are necessary to quantify future landscape–hydrological model relationships. As a first step towards such an approach we use the Brutsaert and Nieber (1977) analysis method to characterize streamflow recession behaviour of  ≈  200 Swedish catchments within the context of global change and landscape co-evolution. Results suggest that the Brutsaert–Nieber parameters are strongly linked to the climate, soil, land use, and their interdependencies. Many catchments show a trend towards more non-linear behaviour, meaning not only faster initial recession but also slower recession towards base flow. This trend has been found to be independent from climate change. Instead, we suggest that land cover change, both natural (restoration of natural soil profiles in forested areas) and anthropogenic (reforestation and optimized water management), is probably responsible. Both change types are characterised by system adaptation and change, towards more optimal ecohydrological conditions, suggesting landscape co-evolution is at play. Given the observed magnitudes of recession changes during the past 50 years, predictions of future river discharge critically need to include the effects of landscape co-evolution. The interconnections between the controls of land cover and climate on river recession behaviour, as we have quantified in this paper, provide first-order handles to do so.

scholarly journals Optimal Schedules in Multitask Motor Learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Yoon Lee ◽  
Youngmin Oh ◽  
Sung Shin Kim ◽  
Robert A. Scheidt ◽  
Nicolas Schweighofer
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Long Term Retention ◽  
Do So

Although scheduling multiple tasks in motor learning to maximize long-term retention of performance is of great practical importance in sports training and motor rehabilitation after brain injury, it is unclear how to do so. We propose here a novel theoretical approach that uses optimal control theory and computational models of motor adaptation to determine schedules that maximize long-term retention predictively. Using Pontryagin’s maximum principle, we derived a control law that determines the trial-by-trial task choice that maximizes overall delayed retention for all tasks, as predicted by the state-space model. Simulations of a single session of adaptation with two tasks show that when task interference is high, there exists a threshold in relative task difficulty below which the alternating schedule is optimal. Only for large differences in task difficulties do optimal schedules assign more trials to the harder task. However, over the parameter range tested, alternating schedules yield long-term retention performance that is only slightly inferior to performance given by the true optimal schedules. Our results thus predict that in a large number of learning situations wherein tasks interfere, intermixing tasks with an equal number of trials is an effective strategy in enhancing long-term retention.

scholarly journals On the Role of Homework in the Learning Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Sofia Fedorovna Usmanova ◽  
Natalia Nikolaevna Kholina
Keyword(s):  
Independent Study ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
High Quality Information ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
Long Term Retention

A complete, long-term retention of material learned during the lesson should be supplemented by independent study at home, as it is a method of reinforcing knowledge and skills; it forms independence in educational and cognitive activities in children as well as develops their thinking and self-discipline skills. This article deals with different approaches to creating a highly effective homework organization system, which allows to get complete and high-quality information about the level of studied material.

Epilogue1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Moscoso
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Pain ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Do So

This epilogue discusses how the tension between the visualization of violence and the experience of pain affects our understanding of human suffering and the way in which we may consider its cultural modulations. Whereas the different contributions of the volume pay attention to the local and cultural variations of human suffering and visualisations and performances of hurt(ful) bodies, the epilogue provides a critical reflection on historical methods and the tension between experiences and narratives in particular. To do so, it deals with the work of pioneers in the history of emotions, like William Reddy, after which the work of Reinhart Koselleck is brought to the fore. It especially argues that it is important to consider long-term formal structures of the history of pain and the role of beholders and institutions in order to find out how a primal experience of pain may be turned into a story.

Individual differences in factors that modulate storage and retrieval of traumatic memories

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK L. HOWE
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Long Term Retention

It is argued that memory for traumatic events is similar to that for other distinctive, personally significant events regardless of whether they are affectively positive or negative. Examined in this light, the focus now shifts to the role of individual differences in neurobiological, social, cognitive, and constitutional factors that conspire to determine long-term retention of significant autobiographical experiences. What is known about these factors in determining memorability is reviewed, issues of measurement inadequacies discussed, and recommendations for further research outlined.

scholarly journals Speech Is Silver, Nonverbal Behavior Is Gold: How Implicit Partner Evaluations Affect Dyadic Interactions in Close Relationships

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1731-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruddy Faure ◽  
Francesca Righetti ◽  
Magdalena Seibel ◽  
Wilhelm Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Multimethod Research ◽  
Relational Processes ◽  
Gut Feelings ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

Growing evidence suggests that the seeds of relationship decay can be detected via implicit partner evaluations even when explicit evaluations fail to do so. However, little is known about the concrete daily relational processes that explain why these gut feelings are such important determinants of relationships’ long-term outcomes. The present integrative multimethod research yielded a novel finding: that participants with more positive implicit partner evaluations exhibited more constructive nonverbal (but not verbal) behavior toward their partner in a videotaped dyadic interaction. In turn, this behavior was associated with greater satisfaction with the conversation and with the relationship in the following 8-day diary portion of the study. These findings represent a significant step forward in understanding the crucial role of automatic processes in romantic relationships. Together, they provide novel evidence that relationship success appears to be highly dependent on how people spontaneously behave in their relationship, which may be ultimately rooted in their implicit partner evaluations.

scholarly journals Long-term retention under conditions of intentional learning and the keyword mnemonic

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Y. Wang ◽  
Margaret H. Thomas ◽  
Carolyn M. Inzana ◽  
Laurie J. Primicerio
Keyword(s):  
Intentional Learning ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Long Term Retention
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