Reduction in Cognitive Dissonance According to Normative Standards in the Induced Compliance Paradigm

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Voisin ◽  
Valérie Fointiat
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Topic Importance ◽  
Normative Standards ◽  
Induced Compliance ◽  
Dissonance Reduction

This study investigated the influence of the assessment of the discrepant act on dissonance reduction. In particular, we tested the influence of normative standards on a trivialization of the discrepant act and the assessment of research topic importance. The results suggest that dissonance reduction varies depending on whether the discrepant act is assessed as violating normative standards or not. In the cognitive dissonance state and in the absence of standards, performing a discrepant act leads individuals to trivialize it. However, when individuals perceive that the discrepant act violates normative standards, they reduce cognitive dissonance by overestimating the research topic. This result is interpreted in terms of the avoidance of negative consequences of social control reactions and the protection of self-concept.

Rationalization is irrational and self-serving, but useful

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Quilty-Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Dissonance Reduction

Abstract Rationalization through reduction of cognitive dissonance does not have the function of representational exchange. Instead, cognitive dissonance is part of the “psychological immune system” (Gilbert 2006; Mandelbaum 2019) and functions to protect the self-concept against evidence of incompetence, immorality, and instability. The irrational forms of attitude change that protect the self-concept in dissonance reduction are useful primarily for maintaining motivation.

Justify my love: Cognitive dissonance reduction among perpetrators of online and offline infidelity

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110377
Author(s):  
Cassandra Alexopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
Online Infidelity ◽  
Ashley Madison ◽  
Site Targeting ◽  
Concept Change

A longitudinal survey study was conducted to examine which strategies for reducing cognitive dissonance were used among men engaging in infidelity. Data were collected in two waves, 1 month apart ( n time1 = 1514, n time2 = 425), from a sample of male users of Ashley Madison, a “married dating” site targeting users who are seeking to engage in infidelity. Because perpetrators of infidelity may justify their behaviors differently depending on whether they cheated in an online environment, both online and offline infidelity behaviors were considered. Results indicated that attitude change and self-concept change were positively related to online infidelity, while only self-concept change was positively related to offline infidelity, suggesting their differential effectiveness for various communication media. Self-concept change, attitude change, and denial of responsibility were negatively related to psychological discomfort and perceived negative impact at time 2, indicating their relative success for reducing negative psychological outcomes compared to other strategies such as adding consonant cognitions.

Online Traveler Reviews as Social Influence: Price Is No Longer King

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Book ◽  
Sarah Tanford ◽  
Rhonda Montgomery ◽  
Curtis Love
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Consumer Decisions ◽  
Spring Break ◽  
Student Subjects ◽  
Price Differences ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Dissonance Reduction

Price is a major influence on travel purchases; however, traveler reviews have also become a prevalent source of influence. Theories of social influence and cognitive dissonance provide insight into consumer decisions. This research investigated the effect of social influence in the form of traveler reviews and price on consumer decisions and postdecision dissonance. Student subjects evaluated two resorts for a Spring Break vacation in Cancun using a 2 (valence: positive or negative) × 2 (unanimity: unanimous or nonunanimous) × 3 (price: same, slightly lower, much lower) experimental design. The results reveal that social influence had a strong effect on both resort evaluations and postdecision dissonance. Nonunanimous reviews reduced the prevailing valence of reviews, but increased dissonance. The lack of results for price suggests that price may not be the predominant influence on decisions, as previously thought. This research provides new insight into the effect of traveler reviews on decisions by evaluating the unanimity of social influence, the effect of price differences, and the extent to which consumers engage in postdecision dissonance reduction.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Self-Concept and Its Association with Problematic Use of Video Games in Spanish College Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Castro-Sánchez ◽  
Mercedes Rojas-Jiménez ◽  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
Ramón Chacón-Cuberos
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
The Social

Background: At present, new technologies provide numerous benefits in their correct use, while the need arises to study the consumption of some technologies, in this case, videogames, due to the negative consequences that they can cause in those subjects who have not yet consolidated their personality due to their excessive use. The study aimed to determine and establish associations between the dimensions of self-concept and the problematic use of videogames and their gender differences. Methods: A total of 525 university students participated in this study, representing 44.7% of the male gender and 55.3% of the female gender, with an average age of M = 20.80 SD = 3.12 years old. The instruments used were the CESR and AF-5 questionnaires. Results: The results reveal the association (p ≤ 0.05) between the problematic use of videogames and the dimensions of self-concept, showing that students with severe or potential problems have lower levels of self-concept. In addition, it has been found that men have more problems associated with the use of video games than women. Men have a greater physical and emotional self-concept, while women have better social self-concept. Conclusions: This study highlights the inverse association between self-concept and problematic use of video games, a fact that shows the need to develop intervention programs aimed at improving self-concept and to reduce the problematic use of video games. Likewise, the levels of self-concept reveal that men have higher scores in the emotional and physical dimension, while women stand out in the social dimension.

Do I Know What I’m Doing? Cognitive Dissonance and Action Identification Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Fointiat ◽  
Audrey Pelt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Action Identification ◽  
Problematic Behavior ◽  
Target Behavior ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Identification Theory ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dissonance Reduction

AbstractOur main purpose was to explore hypotheses derived from the Identification of Action Theory in a particular situation that is, a dissonant situation. Thus, we varied the identification (low versus high-level) of a problematic behavior (to stop speaking for 24 hours) in the forced compliance paradigm. Two modes of dissonance reduction were presented: cognitive rationalization (classical attitude-change) and behavioral rationalization (target behavior: to stop speaking for 48 hours). As predicted, the results showed that high-level identity of action leads to cognitive rationalization whereas low-level identity leads to behavioural rationalization. Thus, participants identifying the problematic behavior at a low-level were more inclined to accept the target behavior, compared with participants identifying their problematic behavior at a higher-level. These results are of particular interest for understanding the extent to which the understanding of the discrepant act interferes with the cognitive processes of dissonance reduction.

Writing the Abstract and Title

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin S Robinson ◽  
Fredricka L Stoller ◽  
Molly Constanza-Robinson ◽  
James K Jones
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Science Content ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Topic Importance ◽  
Fine Tune

This chapter addresses how to write abstracts and titles for journal articles. Both the abstract and title provide succinct, informative (not descriptive) summaries of the research. To this end, they are usually written in the final stages of the writing process. After completing this chapter, you should be able to do the following: ■ Write a concise and informative abstract ■ Write a concise and informative title As you work through the chapter, you will write an abstract and title for your own paper. The Writing on Your Own tasks throughout the chapter will guide you step by step as you do the following: 7A Read titles and abstracts 7B Prepare to write 7C Write your abstract 7D Write your title 7E Practice peer review 7F Fine-tune your abstract and title When compared to the Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections of a journal article, the title and abstract are quite short; the title usually has fewer than 20 words, and many journals limit the abstract to fewer than 200 words. Despite their brevity (and perhaps because of it), the title and abstract are the most widely read sections of the journal article and thus are viewed by many as the most important sections of the journal article. As you read the title and abstract in excerpt 7A, consider the following: a. Read the title. Which of the following are included: research topic, importance, gap statement, procedures, instrumentation, results, interpretations, citations, conclusions? b. The abstract contains six sentences (107 words). Briefly state the purpose of each sentence. Based on these purposes, propose a move structure for the abstract. c. Are there any sentences in the abstract that do not include science content? Explain. d. Based only on the title and abstract, who are the intended audiences for this article (including subdisciplines of chemistry)? Give reasons for your choices.

scholarly journals The Role of Emotional Intelligence on Psychological Adjustment and Peer Victimization in a Sample of Spanish Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cañas ◽  
Jesús F. Estévez ◽  
Estefanía Estévez ◽  
David Aparisi
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Relationship

In the last decades, interest in the study of the negative consequences of bullying for the victims has increased. Victims are often known to show emotional adjustment issues, such as negative self-concept and low life satisfaction. Moreover, some studies have observed important associations between self-concept and life satisfaction, in which a positive self-concept is related to high levels of life satisfaction. Other studies have pointed out the importance of emotional intelligence (EI), as a regulatory and protective factor against the negative impact of victimization on adjustment in adolescents. The main objective of this work was to analyze the mediating effect of self-concept on life satisfaction and the moderated mediation effect of EI on self-concept and life satisfaction in the context of peer victimization. The participants in the study were 1,318 Spanish students of both sexes and aged between 11 and 18 (M = 13.8, SD = 1.32) years, from four compulsory secondary education centers. The results indicated that, on the one hand, self-concept mediated the relationship between victimization and life satisfaction. On the other hand, EI was not only positively associated with self-concept, but it also significantly moderated the negative influence of victimization on self-concept. EI may also indirectly moderate the relationship between victimization and life satisfaction through the self-concept. These data show the importance of EI as a possible protective and moderating factor of the negative effect of bullying on emotional adjustment, which is interesting for the design of future prevention and intervention programs in school contexts.

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