scholarly journals Sensitivity of three Mediterranean heavy rain events to two different sea surface fluxes parameterizations in high-resolution numerical modeling

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (D21) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lebeaupin Brossier ◽  
V. Ducrocq ◽  
H. Giordani
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Rain Events

scholarly journals Sea surface temperature and torrential rains in the Valencia region: modelling the role of recharge areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1677-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pastor ◽  
J. A. Valiente ◽  
M. J. Estrela
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Rain Events

Abstract. Heavy rain events are frequently recorded in the Western Mediterranean causing economic losses and even human casualties. The Western Mediterranean is a deep and almost closed sea surrounded by high mountain ranges and with little exchange of water with the Atlantic ocean. A main factor in the development of torrential rains is ocean-atmosphere exchanges of heat and moisture that can potentially destabilize air masses travelling over the sea. The study of air mass trajectories previous to the rain event permits the identification of sea areas that could probably contribute to the development or intensification of rainfall. From a previous Mediterranean sea surface temperature climatology, its spatio-temporal distribution patterns have been studied showing two main distribution modes in winter and summer and transitional regimes in spring and autumn. Hence, three heavy precipitation events, for such winter and summer sea temperature regimes and for fall transition, affecting the Valencia region have been selected to study the effect of sea surface temperature in torrential rains. Simulations with perturbed sea surface temperature in different areas along the air mass path were run to compare results with unperturbed simulation. The variation of sea surface temperature in certain areas caused significant changes in model accumulated values and its spatial distribution. Therefore, the existence of areas that at a greater extent favour air-sea interaction leading to the development of torrential rainfall in the Valencia region has been shown. This methodology could be extended to the whole Mediterranean basin to look for such potential recharge areas. The identification of sea areas that contribute to the development or intensification of heavy rain events in the Mediterranean countries could be a useful prognosis and/or monitoring tool.

scholarly journals Multi-Physics Ensemble versus Atmosphere–Ocean Coupled Model Simulations for a Tropical-Like Cyclone in the Mediterranean Sea

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ricchi ◽  
Mario Marcello Miglietta ◽  
Davide Bonaldo ◽  
Guido Cioni ◽  
Umberto Rizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Ocean Modeling ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Regional Ocean Modeling System ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Physics Ensemble

Between 19 and 22 January 2014, a baroclinic wave moving eastward from the Atlantic Ocean generated a cut-off low over the Strait of Gibraltar and was responsible for the subsequent intensification of an extra-tropical cyclone. This system exhibited tropical-like features in the following stages of its life cycle and remained active for approximately 80 h, moving along the Mediterranean Sea from west to east, eventually reaching the Adriatic Sea. Two different modeling approaches, which are comparable in terms of computational cost, are analyzed here to represent the cyclone evolution. First, a multi-physics ensemble using different microphysics and turbulence parameterization schemes available in the WRF (weather research and forecasting) model is employed. Second, the COAWST (coupled ocean–atmosphere wave sediment transport modeling system) suite, including WRF as an atmospheric model, ROMS (regional ocean modeling system) as an ocean model, and SWAN (simulating waves in nearshore) as a wave model, is used. The advantage of using a coupled modeling system is evaluated taking into account air–sea interaction processes at growing levels of complexity. First, a high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) field, updated every 6 h, is used to force a WRF model stand-alone atmospheric simulation. Later, a two-way atmosphere–ocean coupled configuration is employed using COAWST, where SST is updated using consistent sea surface fluxes in the atmospheric and ocean models. Results show that a 1D ocean model is able to reproduce the evolution of the cyclone rather well, given a high-resolution initial SST field produced by ROMS after a long spin-up time. Additionally, coupled simulations reproduce more accurate (less intense) sea surface heat fluxes and a cyclone track and intensity, compared with a multi-physics ensemble of standalone atmospheric simulations.

scholarly journals Analisis Kondisi Atmosfer Saat Kejadian Hujan Lebat dan Angin Kencang di Probolinggo Berdasarkan Citra Satelit dan Citra Radar

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
Nur Habib Muzaki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Anomaly ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Convective Cloud ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Spatial Maps

The phenomenon of extreme weather, heavy rain and strong winds hit four sub-districts in Probolinggo Regency, East Java on January 3, 2020 at 17.00 WIB. Based on data from the East Java Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), the incidence of heavy rain and strong winds resulted in damage to as many as 204 houses. This study uses remote sensing data in the form of C-Band Radar and Himawari-8 Satellite and Copernicus ECMWF renalysis data. The data is processed into spatial maps and graphs which are then analyzed descriptively. The results of data analysis show that the reflectivity value reaches 43 dBZ and the wind speed reaches 13.57 m / s with a rainfall of 15.83 mm / hour at 10.00 WIB. Based on the analysis of the Himawari-8 Satellite, the peak temperature of the clouds reached -73.1 oC and the atmospheric lability data showed that the atmosphere was unstable, which could indicate the possibility of heavy rain and strong winds. The value of vortices in the 1000 mb - 500 mb layer is negative and the humidity value ranges from 85% - 90% and a positive sea surface temperature anomaly value and the presence of windshields result in convergence of air masses which can support convective cloud growth as the cause of heavy rain events and strong winds in Probolinggo Regency, East Java

scholarly journals Sea surface temperature and torrential rains in the Valencia region: modelling the role of recharge areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1357-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pastor ◽  
J. A. Valiente ◽  
M. J. Estrela
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Rain Events

Abstract. Heavy rain events are frequently recorded in the Western Mediterranean causing economic losses and even human casualties. The Western Mediterranean is a deep and almost closed sea surrounded by high mountain ranges and with little exchange of water with the Atlantic ocean. A main factor in the development of torrential rains are ocean-atmosphere exchanges of heat and moisture that can potentially destabilize air masses travelling over the sea. The study of air mass trajectories previous to the rain event permits the identification of sea areas that could probably contribute to the development or intensification of rainfall. From a previous Mediterranean sea surface temperature climatology, its spatio-temporal distribution patterns have been studied showing two main distribution modes in winter and summer and transitional regimes in spring and autumn. Hence, three heavy precipitation events, for such winter and summer sea temperature regimes and for fall transition, affecting the Valencia region have been selected to study the effect of sea surface temperature in torrential rains. Simulations with perturbed sea surface temperature in different areas along the air mass path were run to compare results with unperturbed simulation. The variation of sea surface temperature in certain areas caused significant changes in model accumulated values and its spatial distribution. Therefore, the existence of recharge areas where air–sea interaction favors the development of torrential rainfall in Valencia region has been shown. This methodology could be extended to the whole Mediterranean basin to look for such potential recharge areas. The identification of sea areas that contribute to the development or intensification of heavy rain events in the Mediterranean countries could be a useful prognosis and/or monitoring tool.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of a deep Mediterranean storm and its sensitivity on sea surface temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1233-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Katsafados ◽  
E. Mavromatidis ◽  
A. Papadopoulos ◽  
I. Pytharoulis
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The development and evolution of a deep low-pressure system over the Eastern Mediterranean has been investigated in comparative numerical experiments with a limited area model using climatological, gridded analyses, satellite-derived and high-resolution re-analysis sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as lower boundary conditions. The severe event of 21–22 January 2004 was selected in view of its strength and considerable impact on the coastal communities of the Northern Aegean Sea. The aim of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of storm development and intensity to the different SST sources. High resolution model simulations were performed resolving mesoscale features modulated by the different source of SSTs. Although the atmospheric response was considerable in terms of rain bands and surface fluxes, the general structure of the system was not significantly affected by the different air-sea interaction forcing. The impact on the model performance (and therefore its forecasting skill) was further assessed on the basis of quantitative verification statistics estimated throughout the period of the simulations. The methodology was based on the verification against surface observations from the World Meteorological Organization network, covering Southern Greece and the coastal areas of Western Turkey. The estimated statistical scores revealed small but noticeable deviations among the forecast skills of the simulations.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Heavy Hourly Rainfall in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 4564-4575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Hitchens ◽  
Harold E. Brooks ◽  
Russ S. Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hourly Rainfall ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Characteristics

Abstract The climatology of heavy rain events from hourly precipitation observations by Brooks and Stensrud is revisited in this study using two high-resolution precipitation datasets that incorporate both gauge observations and radar estimates. Analyses show a seasonal cycle of heavy rain events originating along the Gulf Coast and expanding across the eastern two-thirds of the United States by the summer, comparing well to previous findings. The frequency of extreme events is estimated, and may provide improvements over prior results due to both the increased spatial resolution of these data and improved techniques used in the estimation. The diurnal cycle of heavy rainfall is also examined, showing distinct differences in the strength of the cycle between seasons.

scholarly journals AGCM Precipitation Biases in the Tropical Atlantic

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Biasutti ◽  
A. H. Sobel ◽  
Y. Kushnir
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Rain Events

Abstract Many general circulation models (GCMs) share similar biases in the representation of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the Atlantic, even when they are forced with the time series of the observed sea surface temperature (SST). Specifically, they overestimate precipitation in the Southern Hemisphere in boreal spring and in the Caribbean region in boreal summer. The majority of the models considered here place the rainfall maximum over the SST maximum, although the true precipitation maximum does not occur there. This is the case even though these GCMs accurately place the maximum in surface wind convergence away from the SST maximum, at the location where the observed precipitation maximum lies. Models that overrespond to SST in this way tend to (i) have fewer heavy-rain events, (ii) rain more for a smaller amount of water vapor in the atmospheric column, and (iii) couple rainfall and surface humidity too strongly and rainfall and humidity above the surface too weakly.

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