The Analytical Determination of Mass Flux, Inorganic and Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Flux in Rapidly Sinking Particles Collected in Sediment Traps

2013 ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Knauer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Nitrogen Flux ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Sinking Particles ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

scholarly journals Phosphorus Speciation in Surface Waters by Ion Chromatography With High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Packa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Total P ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Phosphorus (P) containing compounds, depending on their origin, can enter freshwater systems in variety of forms. Utilization of bioavailable P, a key nutrient in living organisms, is a crucial factor in biological productivity in aquatic environment¹. An increase in the P concentration in water, resulting from both natural and anthropogenic processes, can lead to eutrophication and an excessive growth of vegetative biomass. Determination of organic and inorganic P species in ground, surface and waster is an important part of water quality control and monitoring². Analytical determination of P compounds, quantification, identification (Chapter 2) and P speciation process can be problematic due to P adsorption on storage containers, sulfate interference, presence of acid hydrolysable P species and colloidal matter, association of both inorganic and organic phosphates with iron, manganese and aluminum, biological uptake of P. Such processes have to be considered when designing an analytical procedure for analysis of P species. Analytical P compound separation by ion chromatography with mass spectrometry/Orbitrap technology for compound detection (Chapter 3) is a powerful technology with highly sensitive and selective properties capable of performing P speciation in one analytical run. Selectivity of the Orbitrap detector also allows for utilization of isotope dilution technique which can compensate for loss of P compounds during storage and transportation and thus increase accuracy of measurements and holding time of sample matrices. Analytical techniques used in the past were able to determine broad P-fractions, such as total P, total P or functional groups of inorganic and organic P compounds. Identification of variety of specific P-containing compounds of inorganic and organic origin by the methodology used in this thesis in combination with multivariate statistical analysis can be used to explain the large sets of intercorrelated analytical variables with a smaller set of independent variables (Chapter 4) and help in source identification in water pollution studies³.

A Syringe Gas-Stripping Procedure for Gas-Chromatographic Determination of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon in Fresh Water and Carbonates in Sediments

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1441-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Stainton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Gas Stripping ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

A simple, rapid method for determining dissolved inorganic carbon in water is described. A 20-cm3 sample of water is drawn into a 50-cm3 polypropylene syringe and acidified by injection of 1 cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid. Twenty-nine cubic centimeters of helium at atmospheric pressure is injected into the syringe followed by 10 sec of manual agitation to partition CO2 between gas and liquid phase. The gas phase containing 60% of CO2 from the sample is then analyzed by gas chromatography. This method has been used to determine dissolved inorganic and organic carbon in Canadian Shield waters and to determine total carbonates in sediments.

Studies on the Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles in the soil. II. The Extraction of the Organic Matter of the Soil With Alkali

1930 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. B. Arnold ◽  
H. J. Page
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Humic Matter ◽  
Colour Intensity ◽  
Alkali Extraction ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Manurial Treatment

The alkali extraction of the organic matter from the soils of certain plots of the classical permanent experiments on Barnfield and Broadbalk at Rothamsted, receiving respectively organic manure, artificial fertilisers and no manurial treatment, has been studied, together with a colorimetric examination of the extracts for the comparison of the content of humic matter.It is shown that, in spite of the different cultural and manurial treatments which the different plots have received, there is a marked similarity in the properties of the organic matter of these soils, with regard to its behaviour on extraction with cold and hot dilute caustic soda, and the colour intensity of the organic matter in the extracts.The methods used for the determination of organic carbon in the soils and their extracts are noted in an Appendix.The results discussed in this paper are further considered, along with those in the two next following Parts (III and IV), in Part V of this series, in their bearings on the origin of the humic matter of the soil.

Validation of method for determination total carbon, inorganic carbon and total organic carbon in marine waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Karolina Nowogrodzka ◽  
Grażyna Dembska ◽  
Katarzyna Galer-Tatarowicz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Marine Institute ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Validation is a process of setting parameters characterizing the proficiency of actions and limitations of a method and an assessment of its usefulness for particular purposes. As a result, it ensures that the analysis process is carried out in a reliable and precise way and gives reliable results. For the validation process marine water was used, as well as the addition of standard solutions. Uncertainty in the results, limit of quantification, precision, repeatability and reproducibility, recovery and accuracy of the method were obtained. The results of the validation of the method for determination of total inorganic and organic carbon in marine waters are discussed in this paper. For this purpose, a Shimadzu analyser TOC-L was used. The discussed method is based on infrared detection NDIR. A halogen scrubber type B was used for determined the compounds. This allowed the analysis time at the stage of the sample preparation to be shortened. It increased the absorption of salt contained in a sample, as a result of which, the dilution stage could be omitted, and the final result is affected by a smaller error. The method of the validation for determination of total inorganic and organic carbon received accreditation of the Polish Centre for Accreditation and joined a wide range of the analyses carried out in the Laboratory of the Department of Environment Protection of the Marine Institute in Gdańsk.

scholarly journals Preparation of Inorganic and Organic Carbon for 14C Analysis from a Single Marine Sample

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Griffin ◽  
Ellen R. M. Druffel
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Deep Sea Sediment ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Northeast Pacific Ocean ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

We have developed a technique using a single apparatus to recover the inorganic and organic carbon from a small (few milligrams) aliquot of dried marine material for radiocarbon analysis. The main advantages of using a single apparatus are: 1) less sample is required, 2) decreased handling reduces contamination, and 3) less time and materials are used. Blank values of ∼5 μg and 19–44 μg are obtained for the inorganic and organic carbon extractions, respectively. δ14C results from sinking particulate organic and inorganic carbon are presented for samples collected in deep-sea sediment traps deployed for 10–30 day periods at 650 and 100 m above bottom (mab) in the northeast Pacific Ocean.

scholarly journals Downward fluxes of sinking particulate matter in the deep Ionian Sea (NESTOR site), eastern Mediterranean: seasonal and interannual variability

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7235-7254 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stavrakakis ◽  
A. Gogou ◽  
E. Krasakopoulou ◽  
A. P. Karageorgis ◽  
H. Kontoyiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Seasonal And Interannual Variability

Abstract. In order to assess seasonal and interannual variability in the export of particulate matter and its main constituents, sediment traps were deployed at five successive depths from February 2006 to March 2010 in the deepest basin of the Mediterranean (SE Ionian Sea, NESTOR site). The average total mass fluxes were 66, 58, 54, 34, and 52 mg m−2 d−1, at 700, 1200, 2000, 3200, and 4300 m, respectively. The temporal variations of the mass flux showed similar seasonal signal at all sampling depths with higher values in spring–summer and lower in autumn–winter. Changes in the main constituents of the mass flux (organic carbon, carbonates, opal, and lithogenic matter) largely followed the same temporal variability with total mass flux, revealing mechanisms of rapid vertical (top-down) transport from 700 m down to 4300 m depth. Lateral inputs at the deepest trap are probably of importance, attributed to the influence of the deep Adriatic water, characterized by relatively higher turbidity than overlying water masses. Two major processes seem to control the seasonal mass flux variability: (a) primary productivity at the euphotic zone; and (b) episodic dust input events. Primary productivity shows two maxima during late winter/early spring and late spring/summer, as witnessed by the organic carbon, carbonate, and opal fluxes in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic layers, whereas the influence of dust inputs is evidenced by enhanced lithogenic fluxes occurring during spring and summer. The interannual variability generally shows a gradual increase of fluxes during the time frame of the experiment. Both seasonal and interannual variability of mass flux are associated with variations in the intensity and position of the neighboring Pelops anticyclonic gyre, which appears to affect the upwelling of intermediate, nutrient-rich waters and subsequently the surface productivity. Combination of estimated satellite and algorithm-generated primary production data for the Ionian Sea, calculated POC fluxes out of the euphotic layer and POC fluxes measured by sediment traps at the mesopelagic and bathypelagic layers of NESTOR site during our 4 yr experiment, reveal that only a small portion of primary production (0.46%) reaches at 3200 m, corresponding to a mean annual carbon export of 1.12 g C m−2 yr−1.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Speciation in Surface Waters by Ion Chromatography With High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Packa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Total P ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Phosphorus (P) containing compounds, depending on their origin, can enter freshwater systems in variety of forms. Utilization of bioavailable P, a key nutrient in living organisms, is a crucial factor in biological productivity in aquatic environment¹. An increase in the P concentration in water, resulting from both natural and anthropogenic processes, can lead to eutrophication and an excessive growth of vegetative biomass. Determination of organic and inorganic P species in ground, surface and waster is an important part of water quality control and monitoring². Analytical determination of P compounds, quantification, identification (Chapter 2) and P speciation process can be problematic due to P adsorption on storage containers, sulfate interference, presence of acid hydrolysable P species and colloidal matter, association of both inorganic and organic phosphates with iron, manganese and aluminum, biological uptake of P. Such processes have to be considered when designing an analytical procedure for analysis of P species. Analytical P compound separation by ion chromatography with mass spectrometry/Orbitrap technology for compound detection (Chapter 3) is a powerful technology with highly sensitive and selective properties capable of performing P speciation in one analytical run. Selectivity of the Orbitrap detector also allows for utilization of isotope dilution technique which can compensate for loss of P compounds during storage and transportation and thus increase accuracy of measurements and holding time of sample matrices. Analytical techniques used in the past were able to determine broad P-fractions, such as total P, total P or functional groups of inorganic and organic P compounds. Identification of variety of specific P-containing compounds of inorganic and organic origin by the methodology used in this thesis in combination with multivariate statistical analysis can be used to explain the large sets of intercorrelated analytical variables with a smaller set of independent variables (Chapter 4) and help in source identification in water pollution studies³.

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