Inhibition of Pisum sativum epicotyl elongation by white light - Different effects of light on the mechanical properties of cell walls in the epidermal and inner tissues

In this paper, Berkovich depth-sensing indentation has been used to study the effects of the temperature-dependent quasi-static mechanical properties and creep deformation of heat-treated wood at temperatures from 20 °C to 180 °C. The characteristics of the load–depth curve, creep strain rate, creep compliance, and creep stress exponent of heat-treated wood are evaluated. The results showed that high temperature heat treatment improved the hardness of wood cell walls and reduced the creep rate of wood cell walls. This is mainly due to the improvement of the crystallinity of the cellulose, and the recondensation and crosslinking reaction of the lignocellulose structure. The Burgers model is well fitted to study the creep behavior of heat-treated wood cell walls under different temperatures.

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Nanostructural changes in bamboo cell walls with aging and their possible effects on mechanical properties

Journal of Materials Science ◽

10.1007/s10853-017-1886-8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 3972-3980 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yoko Okahisa ◽

Keisuke Kojiro ◽

Tomoaki Kiryu ◽

Takahiro Oki ◽

Yuzo Furuta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Cell Walls

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Tensile shear strength of UF- and MUF-bonded veneer related to data of adhesives and cell walls measured by nanoindentation

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2010.046 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Frank Stöckel ◽

Johannes Konnerth ◽

Wolfgang Kantner ◽

Johann Moser ◽

Wolfgang Gindl

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Shear Strength ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Lap Joints ◽

Tensile Shear Strength ◽

Tensile Shear ◽

Interphase Cell ◽

Cure Time

Abstract The tensile shear strength of veneer lap joints was characterised. The joints were produced with an Automated Bonding Evaluation System (ABES) using urea-formaldehyde (UF) as well as melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive formulated for particleboard production. At a fixed heating temperature of 110°C, a systematic increase in bond strength was observed for both adhesives with increasing cure time. The absolute bond strength was significantly higher for MUF compared to UF. Nanoindentation experiments with the same specimens used for ABES revealed a very hard, stiff and brittle character of the UF resin, whereas the MUF proved significantly less hard and stiff, and less brit-tle. Wood cell walls in contact with adhesive, i.e., where adhesive penetration into the cell wall was assumed, showed significantly altered mechanical properties. Such cell walls were harder, stiffer and more brittle than unaffected reference cell walls. These effects were slightly more pronounced for UF than for MUF. Comparing UF and MUF, the micro-mechanical properties of cured adhesive and interphase cell walls confirm earlier observations that tougher adhesives can lead to higher macroscopic bond strength. In strong contrast to that, no obvious correlation was found between micromechanical properties and the strong cure time dependence of macroscopic bond strength.

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Roles of Cellulose and Xyloglucan in Determining the Mechanical Properties of Primary Plant Cell Walls

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.121.2.657 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 121 (2) ◽

pp. 657-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

Sarah E.C. Whitney ◽

Michelle G.E. Gothard ◽

John T. Mitchell ◽

Michael J. Gidley

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Walls

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Measurement of viscoelastic properties of root cell walls affected by low pH in lateral roots of Pisum sativum L.

Recent Advances of Plant Root Structure and Function ◽

10.1007/978-94-017-2858-4_3 ◽

2001 ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Eiichi Tanimoto ◽

Shuhei Fujii ◽

Ryoichi Yamamoto ◽

Shinobu Inanaga

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Viscoelastic Properties ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Low Ph ◽

Root Cell ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Root Cell Walls

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The Fungicide Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide Negatively Affects Plant Cell Walls, Infection Thread Walls, and Symbiosomes in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Symbiotic Nodules

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111488 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1488

Author(s):

Artemii P. Gorshkov ◽

Anna V. Tsyganova ◽

Maxim G. Vorobiev ◽

Viktor E. Tsyganov

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Infection Thread ◽

Nodule Development ◽

Starch Accumulation ◽

Ultrastructural Organization ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Nodule Senescence

In Russia, tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) is a fungicide widely used in the cultivation of legumes, including the pea (Pisum sativum). Application of TMTD can negatively affect nodulation; nevertheless, its effect on the histological and ultrastructural organization of nodules has not previously been investigated. In this study, the effect of TMTD at three concentrations (0.4, 4, and 8 g/kg) on nodule development in three pea genotypes (laboratory lines Sprint-2 and SGE, and cultivar ‘Finale’) was examined. In SGE, TMTD at 0.4 g/kg reduced the nodule number and shoot and root fresh weights. Treatment with TMTD at 8 g/kg changed the nodule color from pink to green, indicative of nodule senescence. Light and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed negative effects of TMTD on nodule structure in each genotype. ‘Finale’ was the most sensitive cultivar to TMTD and Sprint-2 was the most tolerant. The negative effects of TMTD on nodules included the appearance of a senescence zone, starch accumulation, swelling of cell walls accompanied by a loss of electron density, thickening of the infection thread walls, symbiosome fusion, and bacteroid degradation. These results demonstrate how TMTD adversely affects nodules in the pea and will be useful for developing strategies to optimize fungicide use on legume crops.

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Phase Mixture Models for Metallic Materials with Submicrometer Grain Size

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-791-q3.8 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 791 ◽

Author(s):

Yuri Estrin ◽

Hyoung Seop Kim ◽

Mark Bush

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Grain Size ◽

Mixture Models ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Mechanical Response ◽

Metallic Materials ◽

Angular Pressing ◽

Ultrafine Grained ◽

Model Predictions ◽

Phase Mixture

ABSTRACTPhase mixture models describing the mechanical properties of submicrometer grained metals are presented. In this approach, grain boundaries or cell walls are treated as a separate phase. Two cases are considered: the mechanical response of an ultrafine grained material and the process of grain refinement by equal channel angular pressing. Model predictions with regard to the evolution of the microstructure, strength and texture are verified for Cu.

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