Particulate fluxes of carbonate and organic carbon in the ocean. Is the marine biological activity working as a sink of the atmospheric carbon?

Tellus B ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIZUO TSUNOGAI ◽  
SHINICHIRO NORIKI
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Particulate Fluxes

scholarly journals Characteristics of biogenically-derived aerosols over the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyoung Jung ◽  
Sang-Bum Hong ◽  
Meilian Chen ◽  
Jin Hur ◽  
Liping Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Amundsen Sea ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
Carbon Species

Abstract. To investigate the influence of marine biological activity on aerosols, aerosol and seawater samples were collected over the Southern Ocean (43° S−70° S) and the Amundsen Sea (70° S−75° S) during the ANA06B cruise conducted in the austral summer of 2016 aboard the Korean icebreaker IBR/V Araon. Over the Southern Ocean, atmospheric methanesulfonic acid (MSA) concentration was low (0.10 ± 0.002 µg m−3), whereas its concentration increased sharply up to 0.57 µg m−3 in the Amundsen Sea where Phaeocystis antarctica (P. antarctica), a producer of dimethylsulfide (DMS), was the dominant phytoplankton species. Unlike MSA, mean non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42−) concentration in the Amundsen Sea was comparable to that in the Southern Ocean, suggesting significant influences of marine biological activity on atmospheric sulfur species in the Amundsen Sea. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea varied from 0.048–0.16 µgC m−3 and 0.070–0.18 µgC m−3, with averages of 0.087 ± 0.038 µgC m−3 and 0.097 ± 0.038 µgC m−3, respectively. For water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC), its mean concentrations over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea were 0.25 ± 0.13 µgC m−3 and 0.26 ± 0.10 µgC m−3, varying from 0.083–0.49 µgC m−3 and 0.12–0.38 µgC m−3, respectively. WIOC was the dominant organic carbon species in both the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea, accounting for 73–75 % of total aerosol organic carbon. WSOC and WIOC were highly enriched in the submicron sea spray particles, especially in the Amundsen Sea where biological productivity was much higher than the Southern Ocean. In addition, the submicron WIOC concentration was quite related to the relative biomass of P. antarctica, suggesting that extracellular polysaccharide mucus produced by P. antarctica was a significant factor affecting atmospheric WIOC concentration in the Amundsen Sea. The fluorescence properties of WSOC investigated using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) revealed that protein-like components were dominant in our marine aerosol samples, representing 69–91 % of the total intensity. Protein-like components also showed positive relationships with the relative biomass of diatoms; however, they were negatively correlated with the relative biomass of P. antarctica. These results suggest that protein-like components are most likely produced as a result of biological processes of diatoms, which play a crucial role in forming the submicron WSOC observed over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea, and that phytoplankton community structure is a significant factor affecting atmospheric organic carbon species. The results from this study provide significant new observational data on biogenically-derived sulfur and organic carbon species in the Amundsen Sea.

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage System and Organic Matter Management Interactions on Soil Chemical Properties and Biological Activity in a Spring Wheat Short-Time Cultivation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7451
Author(s):  
Barbara Breza-Boruta ◽  
Karol Kotwica ◽  
Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Short Time

Properly selected tillage methods and management of the available organic matter resources are considered important measures to enable farming in accordance with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Depending on the depth and intensity of cultivation, tillage practices affect soil chemical composition, structure and biological activity. The three-year experiment was performed on the soil under spring wheat (cv. Tybalt) short-time cultivation. The influence of different tillage systems and stubble management on the soil’s chemical and biological parameters was analyzed. Organic carbon content (OC); content of biologically available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), and magnesium (Mg); content of total nitrogen (TN), mineral nitrogen forms: N-NO3 and N-NH4 were determined in various soil samples. Moreover, the total number of microorganisms (TNM), bacteria (B), actinobacteria (A), fungi (F); soil respiratory activity (SR); and pH in 1 M KCl (pH) were also investigated. The results show that organic matter amendment is of greater influence on soil characteristics than the tillage system applied. Manure application, as well as leaving the straw in the field, resulted in higher amounts of organic carbon and biologically available potassium. A significant increase in the number of soil microorganisms was also observed in soil samples from the experimental plots including this procedure.

scholarly journals Tool to Capture Marine Biological Activity Gets Coastal Upgrade

Eos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
Surface Temperatures

Upwelling hinders an efficient method to estimate a key measure of biological productivity in coastal waters, but accounting for surface temperatures could boost accuracy.

scholarly journals Beyond burial: lateral exchange is a significant atmospheric carbon sink in mangrove forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 20180200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien T. Maher ◽  
Mitchell Call ◽  
Isaac R. Santos ◽  
Christian J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Carbon Framework ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon

The blue carbon paradigm has evolved in recognition of the high carbon storage and sequestration potential of mangrove, saltmarsh and seagrass ecosystems. However, fluxes of the potent greenhouse gases CH 4 and N 2 O, and lateral export of carbon are often overlooked within the blue carbon framework. Here, we show that the export of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity is approximately 1.7 times higher than burial as a long-term carbon sink in a subtropical mangrove system. Fluxes of methane offset burial by approximately 6%, while the nitrous oxide sink was approximately 0.5% of burial. Export of dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon to the coastal zone is also significant and combined may account for an atmospheric carbon sink similar to burial. Our results indicate that the export of DIC and alkalinity results in a long-term atmospheric carbon sink and should be incorporated into the blue carbon paradigm when assessing the role of these habitats in sequestering carbon and mitigating climate change.

scholarly journals Preservation of terrestrial organic carbon in marine sediments off shore Taiwan: mountain building and atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestration

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-206
Author(s):  
S.-J. Kao ◽  
R. G. Hilton ◽  
K. Selvaraj ◽  
M. Dai ◽  
F. Zehetner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Geological sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) can be achieved by the erosion of organic carbon (OC) from the terrestrial biosphere and its burial in long-lived marine sediments. Rivers on mountain islands of Oceania in the western Pacific have very high rates of OC export to the ocean, yet its preservation offshore remains poorly constrained. Here we use the OC content (Corg, %), radiocarbon (Δ14Corg) and stable isotope (δ13Corg) composition of sediments offshore Taiwan to assess the fate of terrestrial OC. We account for rock-derived fossil OC to assess the preservation of OC eroded from the terrestrial biosphere (non-fossil OC) during flood discharges (hyperpycnal river plumes) and when river inputs are dispersed more widely (hypopycnal). The Corg, Δ14Corg and δ13Corg of marine sediment traps and cores indicate that during flood discharges, terrestrial OC is transferred efficiently to the deep ocean and accumulates offshore with little evidence for terrestrial OC loss. In marine sediments fed by dispersive river inputs, the Corg, Δ14Corg and δ13Corg are consistent with mixing of marine OC and terrestrial OC and suggest that efficient preservation of terrestrial OC (> 70%) is also associated with hypopycnal delivery. Re-burial of fossil OC is pervasive. Our findings from Taiwan suggest that erosion and marine burial of terrestrial non-fossil OC may sequester > 8 TgC yr−1 across Oceania, a significant geological CO2 sink which requires better constraint. We postulate that mountain islands of Oceania provide strong link between tectonic uplift and the carbon cycle, one moderated by the climatic variability that controls terrestrial OC delivery to the ocean.

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration in the Standing Trees at the Amrai Park of Sangli City (Maharashtra – 416 416)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Narendra Anant Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Standing Tree ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Plant Forms

Plants are known to absorb the atmospheric carbon by photosynthesis. This absorbed carbon is stored in various organic forms and helps to produce the biomass. The absorption of the atmospheric carbon is depend on the structure and life form of the plants. Trees dominate this process. Greater and taller is the size of the tree more is the amount of carbon fixed. Hence trees are the major plant forms to absorb maximum atmospheric carbon and biomass production. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to calculate the carbon sequestration of 22 standing tree species in Amrai Park of Sangli city. The biomass and total organic carbon of standing trees is estimated by the non destructive method. The population of Swieteniamahagoni(C) Jacq.is more in the campus and it sequestrates the 77509.25 lbs carbon/year.

STUDIES WITH WASTE SULPHITE LIQUOR: II. WASTE SULPHITE LIQUOR AS A SOIL AGGREGATING AGENT

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Doyle ◽  
A. A. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Early Stages

Ammonium-base waste sulphite liquor (solids) (W.S.L.S.) was added to three soils and incubated for 7 weeks. Weekly measurements of organic carbon content and aggregation showed an increase in aggregation to a maximum at 3 weeks, followed by a decline and then by a second increase at 6 weeks. This increase and decline in aggregation paralleled very closely the corresponding biological activity as indicated by loss of organic carbon. Results suggest that decomposition of sugars is responsible for the⁁ development of aggregation in the early stages of incubation and that the ligninsulphonates may have an effect after further incubation.The aggregating effect of W.S.L.S. was compared with that of two synthetic conditioners HPAN and VAMA. The effect of all materials varied considerably with the clay content of the soil. Results indicate that W.S.L.S. is about 1/16 as effective as HPAN and about 1/36 as effective as VAMA.

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