Why the self is empty: Toward a historically situated psychology.

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Cushman
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Historically Situated

The Ethical Individual: An Historical Alternative to Contemporary Conceptions of the Self

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. McCready
Keyword(s):  
John Milton ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
The Self ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Historically Situated

In this article I offer an historically situated model of the self as an alternative to liberal, communitarian, and Foucauldian conceptions. Through the example of John Milton, I show that the conscience gave rise to a self that was jointly individual and ethical. By participating in public debates at the behest of his conscience, Milton recognized himself as an individual possessor of moral authority. Conscience thus liberated Milton from traditional identifications and beliefs as it bound him to act for his society. The self founded on conscience therefore differs from both communitarian and liberal variants. Moreover, whereas conscience in the Foucauldian account renders the self docile, it empowers the self in my account. I conclude that the self predicated on conscience challenges the divisions between private and public realms, self-regarding and prosocial actions, and self-creating and culturally determined persons.

scholarly journals Historicity in metapragmatics – a study on ‘discernment’ in Italian metadiscourse

Pragmatics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dániel Z. Kádár ◽  
Annick Paternoster
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Historically Situated ◽  
Modern Application ◽  
The Way

The present paper contributes to meta pragmatics, by examining the question of how historicity influences the validity of certain modern meta terms that are accepted as ‘neutral’ and ‘scientific’ in pragmatics. We argue that it is fundamental to explore the history and development of such meta terms, and also to study their historically situated meanings, in order to increase the self-reflexivity and rigour of analyses. We analyse the notion of ‘discernment’ as a case study, and we will show that the way in which the Italian equivalent of this term (discernere) – which supposedly influenced historical English understandings of ‘discernment’ as well – is used in historical Italian meta discourses contradicts the modern application of this meta term.

scholarly journals Genesis of Moral Freedom in Kant

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
Jacinto Rivera de Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Moral Evil ◽  
The Self ◽  
Transcendental Deduction ◽  
Radical Evil ◽  
Kingdom Of Ends ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Moral Freedom ◽  
Historically Situated ◽  
The Individual

In Kant’s writings, we can discover four key moments in the realization of moral freedom: i) The original possibility of being free, ii) The act described by Kant as radical evil, iii) The opposite act, that is, an inner conversion to good, and, finally, iv) The long process of the self-development of virtue extending to immortality. There are further issues such as the double concept of moral evil, and practical temporality. Moral freedom is originally located (and presupposed in Kant’s transcendental deduction) in the individual, her decisions, and the maxims or principles that guide her actions, even though a community (as both a „kingdom of ends” and social reality) provides the scope wherein all this takes place and its socially and historically-situated shapes. This paper tries to systematize these crucial stages of Kant’s moral philosophy with the focus on the concept of virtue.

scholarly journals Communicative Identity in the Eighteenth Century; Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim's Epistolary Network and the Cult of Friendship

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. VC100-VC122
Author(s):  
Tobias Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historically Situated ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years the field of ‘life writing’ has been shaped by critical approaches that have abandoned traditional notions of the singular, self-governing individual in favor of a multiple and processual concept of the subject which understands the self as socially determined. A key role is played by an engagement with the technological and medial requirements – the material basis – of the subject’s construction. In contributing to this debate, this article looks at a configuration that, while it has numerous structural analogies to the present, is historically situated in the eighteenth century. Using the example of the epistolary network around the German Enlightenment figure Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim (1719–1803), I will argue that at one of the decisive turning points in the formation of the modern concept of the subject there was a form of medial communication which stood at odds to the idea of a unified and autonomous self. Through the relationship created between author and addressee, the letter constructed changing versions of the self that made the success of communication dependent on the play between textual ambiguities and the imagination. At the same time the article examines the role of the visual image as a substitute for the other in epistolary communication. Under the guiding concept of ‘friendship’ a network of text and identity production occurring in parallel is formed. Such a network is not solely based on the principle of individual autonomy but also on collective recognition. This article was submitted on July 1st 2014 and published on December 5th 2014.

In the Book of the Dead, the Narrator Is the Self: Edwidge Danticat’s The Dew Breaker as a Response to Faulkner’s Haiti in Absalom, Absalom!

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharron Eve Sarthou ◽  
Jay Watson
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Historically Situated ◽  
Haitian American ◽  
Racial Lines ◽  
Book Of The Dead

This essay argues that Faulkner’s 1936 novel presents Haiti as an infantilized and demonized land, a trope that has been historically used to marginalize Haitians and rationalize US paternalism in Haiti. Countering this long history of oppressive representations, Danticat’s 2007 novel focuses not on the blurring of racial lines that makes Haitian figures like Charles and Eulalia Bon so fascinating to Faulkner and his white narrators but on subtler forms of ethical hybridity and transnational entanglement that make her Haitian and Haitian American characters complex and compelling. These characters are all in various ways implicated in Haiti’s difficult history, but they also prosper in the US, claim a historically situated culture, and exhibit a complex understanding of their own responsibilities to the past, the present, and maybe even the future, and often speak two or more languages.

scholarly journals Barn som relasjonspartnere: Diskurser om det kulturelt adekvate barnet

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oddbjørg Skjær Ulvik
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Parental Relationships ◽  
Foster Families ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Historically Situated ◽  
Care Relationships ◽  
Cultural Tools

Parental relationships are to a great extent theoretically naturalised, in psychology as well as in other social sciences. This article aims to analyse parental relationships as culturally and historically situated. The meaning of being a child and a responsible caregiver related to one another are negotiated in everyday life practices in continual care relationships between children and adults. Discourses of children and relationships are cultural tools for the participants of those practices. This paper will focus on adult expectations to children. The analysis is based on an interview study with adults and children living in foster families. In foster families, what is taken for granted in other families, will be more explicit. Thus, it is a strategic area to explore cultural meaning of adultchild relationships. The article elaborate “the discourse of the child with limited responsibility”, “the discourse of the child competent of reciprocity”, and “the discourse of the self constructing child”, discourses that are dynamically related.

Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Tonello ◽  
Luca Giacobbi ◽  
Alberto Pettenon ◽  
Alessandro Scuotto ◽  
Massimo Cocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Critical Equilibrium ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Acute Agitation ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.

The Nature of Rapidly Extracted Phycocyanin from the Blue-Green Alga Plectonema Boryanum

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
M. Kessel ◽  
R. MacColl
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Analytical Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
The Self ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Subunit Structure ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer

The major protein of the blue-green algae is the biliprotein, C-phycocyanin (Amax = 620 nm), which is presumed to exist in the cell in the form of distinct aggregates called phycobilisomes. The self-assembly of C-phycocyanin from monomer to hexamer has been extensively studied, but the proposed next step in the assembly of a phycobilisome, the formation of 19s subunits, is completely unknown. We have used electron microscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation in combination with a method for rapid and gentle extraction of phycocyanin to study its subunit structure and assembly.To establish the existence of phycobilisomes, cells of P. boryanum in the log phase of growth, growing at a light intensity of 200 foot candles, were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.0, for 3 hours at 4°C. The cells were post-fixed in 1% OsO4 in the same buffer overnight. Material was stained for 1 hour in uranyl acetate (1%), dehydrated and embedded in araldite and examined in thin sections.

Interrelationship of the cellular distribution and secretion of regular structure (RS) protein in Bacillus licheniformis nm 105

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 712-713
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Zhu ◽  
Richard McVeigh ◽  
Bijan K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Regular Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Laboratory Cultures

A mutant of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C, NM 105 exhibits some notable properties, e.g., arrest of alkaline phosphatase secretion and overexpression and hypersecretion of RS protein. Although RS is known to be widely distributed in many microbes, it is rarely found, with a few exceptions, in laboratory cultures of microorganisms. RS protein is a structural protein and has the unusual properties to form aggregate. This characteristic may have been responsible for the self assembly of RS into regular tetragonal structures. Another uncommon characteristic of RS is that enhanced synthesis and secretion which occurs when the cells cease to grow. Assembled RS protein with a tetragonal structure is not seen inside cells at any stage of cell growth including cells in the stationary phase of growth. Gel electrophoresis of the culture supernatant shows a very large amount of RS protein in the stationary culture of the B. licheniformis. It seems, Therefore, that the RS protein is cotranslationally secreted and self assembled on the envelope surface.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

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