Individual differences in dispositional expressiveness: Development and validation of the Emotional Expressivity Scale.

Behavioral failures can serve as precursors for accidents. Yet, individual differences in the predisposition to behavioral failures have predominantly been investigated within relatively narrow parameters, with the focus limited to subsets of behaviors or specific domains. A broader perspective might prove useful in illuminating correlations between various forms of accidents. The current research was undertaken as one step toward developing the concept of behavioral failures proneness in its multidimensional aspect. We report the initial stage of the development and validation of the Failures Proneness questionnaire (FP): a brief, multifaceted, self-report scale of common behavioral failures in everyday settings. In a preliminary phase we conceived an extensive pool of prospective items. Study 1 identified and validated the factor-structure of FP and reduced the scale to a brief measure of 16 items. Study 2 corroborated the factor structure of the FP and evaluated its construct validity by assessing its relationship with the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits. Study 3 tested the criterion-related validity of the FP by assessing its ability to predict deviant behaviors. These studies provide evidence of the FP’s performance in generating valuable information on a broad range of behavioral antecedents of accidents.

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Decision-Making Competence: More Than Intelligence?

Current Directions in Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0963721420901592 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 186-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wändi Bruine de Bruin ◽

Andrew M. Parker ◽

Baruch Fischhoff

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Decision Making ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Fluid Intelligence ◽

Psychological Research ◽

Future Research ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Crystallized Intelligence ◽

Age Related ◽

Development And Validation

Decision-making competence refers to the ability to make better decisions, as defined by decision-making principles posited by models of rational choice. Historically, psychological research on decision-making has examined how well people follow these principles under carefully manipulated experimental conditions. When individual differences received attention, researchers often assumed that individuals with higher fluid intelligence would perform better. Here, we describe the development and validation of individual-differences measures of decision-making competence. Emerging findings suggest that decision-making competence may tap not only into fluid intelligence but also into motivation, emotion regulation, and experience (or crystallized intelligence). Although fluid intelligence tends to decline with age, older adults may be able to maintain decision-making competence by leveraging age-related improvements in these other skills. We discuss implications for interventions and future research.

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Development and Validation of an Instrument that Assesses Individual Differences in Threat and Challenge Appraisal

Journal of Depression & Anxiety ◽

10.4172/2167-1044.1000313 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 07 (03) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joe Tomaka ◽

Rebecca L Palacios ◽

Camilla Champion ◽

Stormy Monks

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Challenge Appraisal ◽

Development And Validation

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A social-cognitive model of human behavior offers a more parsimonious account of emotional expressivity

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x09990094 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 407-408

Author(s):

Vivian Zayas ◽

Joshua A. Tabak ◽

Gül Günaydýn ◽

Jeanne M. Robertson

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Cognitive Model ◽

Relational Theory ◽

Emotional Expressivity ◽

Evolutionary Time ◽

Men And Women ◽

Social Cognitive Model ◽

Social Cognitive Models

AbstractAccording to socio-relational theory, men and women encountered different ecologies in their evolutionary past, and, as a result of different ancestral selection pressures, they developed different patterns of emotional expressivity that have persisted across cultures and large human evolutionary time scales. We question these assumptions, and propose that social-cognitive models of individual differences more parsimoniously account for sex differences in emotional expressivity.

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