scholarly journals Measuring individual differences in task‐related motivation in children and adolescents: Development and validation of a new self‐report measure

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Morsink ◽  
Edmund Sonuga‐Barke ◽  
Saskia Van der Oord ◽  
Jeroen Van Dessel ◽  
Jurgen Lemiere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Report Measure

scholarly journals Nodding off but can’t disconnect: development and validation of the iNOD index of Nighttime Offline Distress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Scott ◽  
Stephany Biello ◽  
Heather Woods
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social World ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Interactive Experience ◽  
Report Measure

There is a pressing need to update sleep models, education and treatment to better reflect the realities of sleep in a 24/7 connected social world. Progress in this area has been limited to date by available measurement tools, which have largely restricted their focus to recording the frequency or duration of individuals’ social media use, without capturing crucial sleep-relevant aspects of this inherently social and interactive experience. This study uses data from 3,008 adolescents (aged 10-18 years) to rigorously develop and validate a new 10-item self-report measure that quantifies the extent to which individuals struggle to disengage from social media interactions at night: the index of Nighttime Offline Distress (iNOD). The current findings indicate considerable individual differences, with most participants reporting little difficulty disconnecting but a minority experiencing unhelpful bedtime concerns around Staying Connecting and Following Etiquette to varying extents. Those with higher scores on these subscales tended to report using social media for longer after they felt they should be asleep, with shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality. Results also indicated that extended periods of wakefulness in bed before attempting to sleep are common amongst today’s adolescents, pointing towards a potentially fragmented process of sleep displacement for those who may struggle to disconnect - and to stay disconnected - from social interactions in order to allow sufficient uninterrupted sleep opportunity. These findings can inform current models for understanding normal and disordered sleep during adolescence, whilst highlighting specific social concerns as important potential targets for sleep education efforts. The iNOD equips researchers and clinicians with a short validated self-report measure that can support efforts to move evidence and practice in this area forwards.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Retrospective Childhood Fantasy Play Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Ann Kirkham ◽  
Julian Lloyd ◽  
Hannah Stockton
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
Narrative Skills ◽  
Fantasy Play ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Report Measure

This article describes the development and initial psychometric properties of the Retrospective Childhood Fantasy Play Scale (RCFPS), a brief 11-item retrospective self-report measure of preference for, and engagement with, fantasy play during childhood. Five studies were conducted to (a) develop the initial items for the scale ( n = 77), (b) determine the underlying factor structure ( n = 200), (c) test the fit of the model ( n = 530), and (d) and (e) ascertain construct validity ( n = 200) and convergent validity ( n = 263). Overall, the results suggest that the RCFPS is a unidimensional measure with acceptable fit and preliminary validity. The RCFPS may prove useful in educational and developmental research as an alternative to longitudinal studies to further investigate how childhood fantasy play relates to individual differences in adulthood (e.g., in the areas of creativity, theory of mind, and narrative skills).

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Child Version (OCI-CV) in General Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tíscar Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Antonio Godoy ◽  
José A. Piqueras ◽  
Aurora Gavino ◽  
Agustín E. Martínez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract. Evidence-based assessment is necessary as a first step for developing psychopathological studies and assessing the effectiveness of empirically validated treatments. There are several measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or symptomatology in children and adolescents, but all of them present some limitations. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) by Foa and her colleagues has showed to be a good self-report measure to capture the dimensionality of OCD in adults and adolescents. The child version of the OCI (OCI-CV) was validated for clinical children and adolescents in 2010, showing excellent psychometric properties. The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure and invariance of the OCI-CV in the general population. Results showed a six-factor structure with one second-order factor, good consistency values, and invariance across region, age, and sex. The OCI-CV is an excellent inventory for assessing the dimensions of OCD symptomatology in general populations of children and adolescents. The invariance across sex and age warrants its utilization for research purposes.

The development and validation of the protective factors survey: A self-report measure of protective factors against child maltreatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 762-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Counts ◽  
Elenor S. Buffington ◽  
Karin Chang-Rios ◽  
Heather N. Rasmussen ◽  
Kristopher J. Preacher
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Report Measure

Assessing Individual Differences in Working Models of Caregiving

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abira Reizer ◽  
Mario Mikulincer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parenting Attitudes ◽  
Working Models ◽  
Current Series ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Communal Orientation ◽  
Attachment Dimensions ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract. In the current series of studies, we developed a self-report measure of mental representations of caregiving (MRC). Study 1 (N = 841) describes the development and factor structure of the MRC scale. Studies 2-4 provided convergent, discriminant, and construct validity of the MRC scale, by examining its associations with attachment dimensions, empathy, emotional control, relational interdependent self-construal, communal orientation, and value priorities. Study 5 revealed significant associations between caregiving representations and parenting attitudes (desire to have a child, feelings toward parenthood, and expectations of self-efficacy as a parent). Overall, the results provide highly consistent evidence for the reliability and validity of the new MRC scale. The implications of individual differences in mental representation of caregiving for prosocial behavior and helping are discussed.

scholarly journals Feature Specific Attention and Return of Fear after Extinction

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom J. Barry ◽  
Bram Vervliet ◽  
Dirk Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Similar Stimulus ◽  
Return Of Fear ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fear Potentiated Startle ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Unique Condition

Anxiety disorders are often treated by repeatedly presenting stimuli that are perceptually similar to original stimuli to which fear was originally acquired. Fear can return after it is extinguished because of the differences between these stimuli. It may possible to attenuate return of fear by manipulating attention to the commonalities between feared stimuli and extinction stimuli. After acquiring fear for an animal-like stimulus by pairing with an electro-cutaneous shock, fear was extinguished by repeatedly presenting a similar stimulus. During extinction participants were asked questions that instructed them to attend towards the features in common between the acquisition and extinction stimulus or towards the unique features of the extinction stimulus. Return of fear was assessed by presenting a second perceptually similar stimulus after extinction. Participants showed a return in skin conductance responding after extinction in the unique condition, and not in the common condition. Both groups showed a return in self-report ratings of US expectancy. Neither group showed a return in fear potentiated startle, but there was evidence that this may have been due to individual differences in emotional attentional control. Our conclusions are limited by the use of a self-report measure of emotional attentional control and the absence of limits on the length of time participants could take to answer the extinction questions. It may be possible to enhance extinction and prevent a return of the physiological aspects of fear by manipulating attention during extinction. However, this does not appear to influence explicit expectancy of aversive outcomes. Individual differences in attentional control may influence this process.

Development and Validation of the Avoidance of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Scale

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychometric Analysis ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Report Measure

The Avoidance of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) scale is a self-report measure of the avoidance of ETS by young adults. Initial use of the scale with 30 undergraduate students showed an internal consistency of .84 across 40 items and .90 in a refined 28-item instrument. In a sample of 241 students, a 20-item scale had an internal consistency reliability of .94 and a refined 10-item scale had an internal consistency of .86. In a sample of 95 mothers with a mean age of 36, the 10-item scale had an internal consistency of .81. In three distinct samples, significant known groups’ discrimination was found between smokers and nonsmokers. Psychometric analysis indicates that the scale merits further testing using a more heterogeneous sample from community and clinical populations to ensure its usefulness by clinicians and researchers interested in explaining, predicting, and preventing exposure to ETS.

Who is Gelotophobic? Assessment Criteria for the Fear of Being Laughed at

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willibald Ruch ◽  
René T. Proyer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Normal Controls

Ruch and Proyer (2008) provided preliminary evidence for the validity of gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) by showing that a group of individuals diagnosed as gelotophobic could be discriminated from groups of shame-based neurotics, non shame-based neurotics, and normal controls by means of a self-report measure. The present study reanalyzes data aimed at identifying the set of items best suited for measuring gelotophobia and estimates the prevalence of gelotophobia in the four groups (N = 863). The application of several criteria led to a final list of 15 statements. Cut-off points for a slight, pronounced, and extreme expression of gelotophobia were defined. In the group of those clinically assessed as having gelotophobia, the cut-off points were exceeded by approximately 31%, 39%, and 22%, respectively. Only 7.1% did not exceed the cut-off point, suggesting that the self-report measure validly determines the presence of and measures the intensity of gelotophobia. Close to 12% of the normal controls exceeded the cut-off points, suggesting that gelotophobia can be studied as an individual differences variable among normal individuals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document