"Developmental emergence of alcohol use disorder symptoms and their potential as early indicators for progression to alcohol dependence in a high risk sample: A longitudinal study from childhood to early adulthood" : Correction to Buu et al.

AbstractContext:Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids are associated with high risk of developing dyslipidemia and type II diabetes in adults.Objective:This study aimed to examine whether serum amino acid profiles associate with triglyceride concentrations during pubertal growth and predict hypertriglyceridemia in early adulthood.Design:This was a 7.5-year longitudinal study.Setting:The study was conducted at the Health Science Laboratory, University of Jyväskylä.Participants:A total of 396 nondiabetic Finnish girls aged 11.2 ± 0.8 years at the baseline participated in the study.Main Outcome Measures:Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and triglyceride by enzymatic photometric methods; and amino acids by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Results:Serum leucine and isoleucine correlated significantly with future triglyceride, independent of baseline triglyceride level (P < .05 for all). In early adulthood (at the age of 18 years), these amino acids were significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia, whereas fat mass and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were not. Leucine was the strongest determinant discriminating subjects with hypertriglyceridemia from those with normal triglyceride level (area under the curve, 0.822; 95% confidence interval, 0.740–0.903; P = .000001).Conclusions:Serum leucine and isoleucine were associated with future serum triglyceride levels in girls during pubertal growth and predicted hypertriglyceridemia in early adulthood. Therefore, these amino acid indices may serve as biomarkers to identify individuals at high risk for developing hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular disease later in life. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role these amino acids play in the lipid metabolism.

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Extrastriatal Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availability in Alcohol Use Disorder and Individuals at High Risk

Neuropsychobiology ◽

10.1159/000521103 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Gianna Spitta ◽

Tobias Gleich ◽

Kristin Zacharias ◽

Oisin Butler ◽

Ralph Buchert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Region Of Interest ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Dopamine D2 ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Meta Analyses

Introduction: Reduced striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been demonstrated in recent clinical studies and meta-analyses. However, only a limited number of studies investigated extrastriatal D2/3 availability in AUD or in at-risk populations. In line with a dimensional understanding of addiction, extrastriatal dopaminergic neuroadaptations have been suggested to be relevant from a pathobiological perspective. Methods: We investigated D2/3 receptor availability via 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography applying a region of interest (ROI) approach. We selected ROIs for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Our sample included 19 healthy controls (low risk [LR]), 19 individuals at high risk (HR) to develop addiction, and 20 recently detoxified AUD patients. Results: We found significantly higher D2/3 receptor availability of HR compared to AUD in the left and right rostral ACC (rACC), as well as in the left ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC). We did not observe a significant difference between AUD and LR. After corrections for multiple comparisons none of the ROIs reached significance throughout the group comparison. The D2/3 receptor availability in the left rACC was inversely correlated with symptom severity assessed with the Alcohol Dependency Scale. Discussion: To our knowledge, the present work is the first study investigating extrastriatal D2/3 receptor availabilities in individuals at HR and patients with AUD. The observation that D2/3 receptor availabilities are highest in HR might suggest that their pathobiology differs from subjects with AUD. Future studies are necessary to clarify the intraindividual course of this biomarker over different disease stages and its possible role as a risk or protective factor.

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Accelerated alcohol use across adolescence predicts early adult symptoms of alcohol use disorder via reward-related neural function

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171800137x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 675-684 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rebecca Waller ◽

Laura Murray ◽

Daniel S. Shaw ◽

Erika E. Forbes ◽

Luke W. Hyde

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Low Income ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Region Of Interest ◽

Neural Function ◽

Psychiatric Interview ◽

Adolescent Alcohol Use ◽

Adolescent Alcohol ◽

Reward Anticipation

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use is commonly initiated during adolescence, with earlier onset known to increase the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Altered function in neural reward circuitry is thought to increase the risk for AUD. To test the hypothesis that adolescent alcohol misuse primes the brain for alcohol-related psychopathology in early adulthood, we examined whether adolescent alcohol consumption rates predicted reward responsivity in the ventral striatum (VS), and in turn, AUD symptoms in adulthood.MethodsA total of 139 low income, racially diverse urban males reported on their alcohol use at ages 11, 12, 15, and 17; completed self-reports of personality, psychiatric interviews, and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan at age 20; and completed a psychiatric interview at age 22. We measured adolescent alcohol use trajectories using latent growth curve modeling and measured neural responses to monetary reward using a VS region of interest. We tested indirect effects of adolescent alcohol use on AUD symptoms at age 22 via VS reward-related reactivity at age 20.ResultsGreater acceleration in adolescent alcohol use predicted increased VS response during reward anticipation at age 20. VS reactivity to reward anticipation at age 20 predicted AUD symptoms at age 22, over and above concurrent symptoms. Accelerated adolescent alcohol use predicted AUD symptoms in early adulthood via greater VS reactivity to reward anticipation.ConclusionsProspective findings support a pathway through which adolescent alcohol use increases the risk for AUD in early adulthood by impacting reward-related neural functioning. These results highlight increased VS reward-related reactivity as a biomarker for AUD vulnerability.

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Evaluation of childhood traumatic experience as a risk factor for alcohol use disorder in adulthood

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-020-2428-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lan Wang ◽

Cui-Xia An ◽

Mei Song ◽

Na Li ◽

Yuan-Yuan Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Traumatic Experience ◽

Frequent Drinking

Abstract Background We aimed to investigate the effect of early-age (prenatal, infant, and childhood) trauma on adulthood alcohol use disorder. Methods A total number of 1534 subjects who were born and live in the city of Tangshan were selected. The subjects were divided into three age groups. General demographic data, conditions of the mothers during pregnancy, and condition of the babies at birth, were collected. The diagnosis of alcohol use disorder was based on Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV Axis Disorders (patient version) (SCID). The childhood trauma questionnaire short form (CTQ-SF) [1] and the Lifetime of Experience Questionnaire (LTE-Q) [2] were used to evaluate stress in childhood and adulthood, respectively. Results Only male subjects were diagnosed with lifelong alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of lifetime alcohol use disorder (X2 = 4.480, P = 0.345), current alcohol abuse, and current alcohol dependence among the three groups (X2abuse = 2.177, X2depedence = 2.198, P > 0.05). However, higher prevalence of lifetime alcohol use disorders was found in group with higher scores of CTQ (X2 = 9.315, P = 0.009), emotional abuse (X2 = 8.025, P = 0.018), physical abuse (X2 = 20.4080, P < 0.001), but not in the group with higher scores of emotional neglect (X2 = 1.226, P = 0.542), sexual abuse (X2 = 2.779, P = 0.249), physical neglect (X2 = 3.978, P = 0.137), LTE-Q (X2 = 5.415, P = 0.067), and PSQI (X2 = 5.238, P = 0.073). Protective factor for alcohol abuse for men was identified to be heavy drinking (OR = 0.085, 95%CI: 0.011–0.661), and the risk factors for alcohol abuse were identified to be frequent drinking (OR = 2.736, 95%CI: 1.500, 4.988), and consumption of low liquor (OR = 2.563, 95%CI: 1.387, 4.734). Risk factors for alcohol dependence in males were identified to be consumption of low liquor (OR = 5.501, 95%CI: 2.004, 15.103), frequent drinking (OR = 2.680, 95%CI: 1.164, 6.170), and childhood physical abuse (OR = 2.310, 95% CI: 1.026, 5.201). Conclusion Traumatic experience during infant and prenatal periods does not have a strong statistical correlation with alcohol use disorders for male adults. However, subjects with high CTQ scores, experience of emotional abuse and physical abuse show a statistically higher prevalence of lifetime alcohol use disorders. Several risk factors including consumption of low liquor, frequent drinking, and childhood physical abuse contribute to alcohol dependence in male adults.

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False Identification Use Among College Students Increases the Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder: Results of a Longitudinal Study

Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research ◽

10.1111/acer.12261 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 834-843 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amelia M. Arria ◽

Kimberly M. Caldeira ◽

Kathryn B. Vincent ◽

Brittany A. Bugbee ◽

Kevin E. O'Grady

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

False Identification

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Precollege and New-Onset College Interpersonal Trauma as Predictors of Baseline and Changes in Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms During College

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260519883864 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 088626051988386

Author(s):

Kaitlin E. Bountress ◽

Daniel Bustamante ◽

Christina Sheerin ◽

Danielle M. Dick ◽

Ananda B. Amstadter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Alcohol Misuse ◽

Change Score ◽

Interpersonal Trauma ◽

First Year ◽

Time Period ◽

The Impact ◽

New Onset

College is a high-risk time for interpersonal trauma (IPT) exposure (e.g., physical or sexual abuse/assault), a potent form of trauma exposure. College is also a high-risk time for alcohol misuse, as use begins and increases in adolescence and peaks in the early/mid-20s. In addition, although IPT is associated with alcohol misuse, less clear is whether distal (prior to college) or proximal (during college) IPT impacts alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms at the beginning of college and/or changes in symptoms during college. Data were collected from a large, longitudinal study of college students, attending a large public university in the southeast, who had reported lifetime IPT as well as lifetime alcohol use. Participants in the current study were 18.5 years old ( SD = 0.46), primarily female (67.2%), and of diverse racial backgrounds (e.g., 53.4% White, 18.5% Black, 12.7% Asian, 15.4% Other). Latent change score analyses were employed to test the impact of IPT prior to college and IPT during college on initial levels of, and changes in, AUD symptoms during college. Those who experienced an IPT prior to college reported more AUD symptoms at the beginning of college and less changes in AUD symptoms during the first year of college. Those who experienced an IPT in the first 2 and last 2 years of college reported greater increases in symptoms in the first 2 and last 2 years of college, respectively. Findings suggest that prevention and intervention efforts for those who experience an IPT prior to or during college may be useful in reducing AUD symptoms during that time period.

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Age at first use of alcohol predicts the risk of heavy alcohol use in early adulthood: A longitudinal study in the United States

International Journal of Drug Policy ◽

10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.07.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 131-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Wenbin Liang ◽

Tanya Chikritzhs

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

The United States ◽

Heavy Alcohol ◽

Heavy Alcohol Use

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Alcohol craving and the dimensionality of alcohol disorders

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171000053x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 629-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

K. M. Keyes ◽

R. F. Krueger ◽

B. F. Grant ◽

D. S. Hasin

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Latent Variable ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Alcohol Problems ◽

Continuous Measure ◽

Alcohol Disorders ◽

Alcohol Craving ◽

Epidemiologic Survey ◽

Dsm Iv

BackgroundICD-10 includes a craving criterion for alcohol dependence while DSM-IV does not. Little is known about whether craving fits with or improves the DSM-IV criteria set for alcohol-use disorders.MethodData were derived from current drinkers (n=18 352) in the 1991–1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES), a nationally representative survey of US adults >17 years of age. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule was used to assess the eleven DSM-IV dependence and abuse criteria, and alcohol craving. Exploratory factor, item response theory, and regression analyses were used to evaluate the psychometric properties and concurrent validity of DSM-based alcohol disorder criteria with the addition of alcohol craving.ResultsThe past 12-month prevalence of craving was 1.3%. Craving formed part of a unidimensional latent variable that included existing DSM-IV criteria. Craving demonstrated high severity on the alcohol-use disorder continuum, resulting in an improved dimensional model with greater discriminatory ability compared with current DSM-IV criteria. Correlates of the diagnosis did not change with the addition of craving, and past 12-month craving was associated with prior alcohol dependence, depression, and earlier age of alcohol disorder onset among those with current DSM-IV alcohol dependence.ConclusionsThe addition of craving to the existing DSM-IV criteria yields a continuous measure that better differentiates individuals with and without alcohol problems along the alcohol-use disorder continuum. Few individuals are newly diagnosed with alcohol dependence given the addition of craving, indicating construct validity but redundancy with existing criteria.

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