Supplemental Material for The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

AbstractBackground and aimsPrevious research has established risk factors for problematic smartphone use (PSU), but few studies to date have explored the structure of PSU symptoms. This study capitalizes on network analysis to identify the core symptoms of PSU in a large sample of students.MethodsThis research investigated 26,950 grade 4 students (male = 13,271) and 11,687 grade 8 students (male = 5,739) using the smartphone addiction proneness scale (SAPS). The collected data were analyzed using a network analysis method, which can provide centrality indexes to determine the core symptoms of PSU. The two networks from the different groups were compared using a permutation test.ResultsThe results indicated that the core symptoms of students' problematic smartphone use were the loss of control and continued excessive use across the two samples.Discussion and conclusionsThese findings suggest that loss of control is a key feature of problematic smartphone use. The results also provide some evidence relevant to previous research from the perspective of network analysis and some suggestions for future treatment or prevention of students' problematic smartphone use.

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Comorbidity Network Analysis of Depression, Anxiety and Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40285/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Li Kui Liang ◽

Ren Lei ◽

Luo Xi ◽

Feng Zheng Zhi

Keyword(s):

Network Analysis ◽

Anxiety Symptom ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Stress Symptom ◽

The Core ◽

Sad Mood ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Core Symptoms ◽

Network Relationship

Abstract Background: Stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is highly correlated with depression and anxiety disorders, and there is currently a lack of understanding of the comorbidity network of these disorders. The purpose of this study is to explore the comorbidity network of depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic through network analysis.Method: 887 participants are conducted a DASS 21 mental state survey across the country from February 18 to 22 in the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The network analysis method was used to explore the network relationship between these disorders, including the use of indicators of expected influence and bridge expected influence to explain the centrality of the network.Results: The strongest six edges were the connections between the symptoms within each group, including three depressive symptom edges initiative-anhedonia, hopeless-meaningless and worthless-meaningless, one anxiety symptom edge dyspneic-heart sick and two stress symptom edges over reactive-touchy and agitated-relax. Centrality indicators show that symptoms blue, relax, and intolerable have the strongest expected influence centrality. The results show that symptoms intolerable, sad mood and blue have the strongest bridge expected influence centrality.Conclusion: We found that symptoms blue, intolerable and relax are the core ones in the network, while dry and heartsick are less important ones. In addition, symptoms intolerable, sad mood and blue were also found to have the strongest bridge symptoms. Interventions against the core symptoms in this study will be more precise.

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Use of Headache Rating Scales: A Multiaxial Approach

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1046/j.1468-2982.1986.0602069.x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 69-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P Bech ◽

M Kastrup ◽

D Loldrup

Keyword(s):

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Diagnostic System ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Future Research ◽

Basic Principles ◽

The Core ◽

Core Symptoms

The basic principles of the rating scale procedure have been outlined, including the Likert scale, the Guilford criteria for item definitions, and the Guttman and Rasch criteria for item combinations. With these criteria, headache rates among the core symptoms of anxiety and depression. Next, we have discussed one of the prevailing scales for headache, the Waters Headache Questionnaire (WHQ), with a multiaxial approach. The WHQ thus contains a severity axis, a diagnostic axis, and a personality axis. Previous studies on the validity of the WHQ, including factor analysis, have shown that migraine and muscular headaches are not mutually exclusive categories. Studies to validate a two-dimensional diagnostic system of migraine and non-migraine headache by Rasch models are discussed. In the field of personality it was suggested, when using questionnaires like the WHQ, to focus on the concepts of acquiescence and dissimulation. Supplemental axes such as “severity of psychosocial stressors” and “social functioning” or “quality of life” should be considered in future research.

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The efficacy of cognitive–behavioral therapy on the core symptoms of bulimia nervosa

Clinical Psychology Review ◽

10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00076-3 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 971-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Drew A Anderson ◽

Kathleen C Maloney

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

The Core ◽

Core Symptoms

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The Connection Between Childhood Maltreatment and Eating Disorder Psychopathology: A Network Analysis Study in People With Bulimia Nervosa and With Binge Eating Disorder

10.21203/rs.3.rs-204849/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alessio Maria Monteleone ◽

Orna Tzischinsky ◽

Giammarco Cascino ◽

Sigal Alon ◽

Francesca Pellegrino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Network Analysis ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Binge Eating Disorder ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Indirect Measure ◽

Core Symptoms

Abstract Purpose. Childhood maltreatment (CM) experiences are associated with heightened risk of Eating Disorders (EDs). The psychopathological pathways promoting this association in people with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and in those with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) are under-investigated. Methods. One-hundred-eighty-one people with BN and 144 with BED filled in the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, to measure ED psychopathology, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, to assess their early traumatic experiences. Network analysis was conducted in order to investigate the interplay between those variables. The shortest pathways function was employed to investigate the shortest out of all routes conveying the association between CM and ED core symptoms. Results. In both people with BN and with BED, all CM types were connected to the ED psychopathology through the emotional abuse node. The association between emotional abuse and ED core symptoms (bulimia and body dissatisfaction) differed in the two groups: in people with BN, it included ineffectiveness, while in people with BED it involved impulsivity. Interoceptive awareness, an indirect measure of emotion regulation, was included in these pathways in both groups.Conclusion. In the light of literature showing that emotional abuse has a connecting role between CM and ED psychopathology also in anorexia nervosa, the present findings support the idea that emotional abuse conveys such association in all the main ED diagnoses. Ineffectiveness and impulsivity may represent the specific psychopathological dimensions connected to emotional abuse and promoting the maintenance of ED core symptoms in BN and in BED, respectively. These findings are worth of attention by clinicians.Level of evidence: Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies

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Disorder-specific alterations of tactile sensitivity in neurodevelopmental disorders

10.31234/osf.io/ay73t ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jason He ◽

Ericka Wodka ◽

Mark Tommerdahl ◽

Richard Edden ◽

Mark Mikkelsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

The Core ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Tactile Detection ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Sensory Processes ◽

Core Symptoms

Alterations of tactile processing have long been identified in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the extent to which these alterations are disorder-specific, rather than disorder-general, and how they relate to the core symptoms of each disorder, remains unclear. We measured and compared tactile detection, discrimination and order judgment thresholds between a large sample of children with ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD combined and typically developing controls. The pattern of results suggested that while difficulties with tactile detection and order judgement were more common in children with ADHD, difficulties with tactile discrimination were more common in children with ASD. Strikingly, subsequent correlation analyses found that the disorder-specific alterations suggested by the group comparisons were also exclusively related to the core symptoms of each respective disorder. These results suggest that disorder-specific alterations of lower-level sensory processes exist and are specifically related to higher-level clinical symptoms of each disorder.

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Self-monitoring in patients with schizophrenia

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291704002454 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 1561-1569 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

GÜNTHER KNOBLICH ◽

FRANK STOTTMEISTER ◽

TILO KIRCHER

Keyword(s):

Hand Movements ◽

Control Group ◽

Formal Thought Disorder ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

The Core ◽

Matched Healthy Control ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Core Symptoms ◽

The Relationship

Background. The present study investigated whether a failure of self-monitoring contributes to core syndromes of schizophrenia.Method. Three groups of patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia (n=27), with either prominent paranoid hallucinatory or disorganization syndrome, or without these symptoms, and a matched healthy control group (n=23) drew circles on a writing pad connected to a PC monitor. Subjects were instructed to continuously monitor the relationship between their hand movements and their visual consequences. They were asked to detect gain changes in the mapping. Self-monitoring ability and the ability to automatically correct movements were assessed.Results. Patients with either paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome or formal thought disorder were selectively impaired in their ability to detect a mismatch between a self-generated movement and its consequences, but not impaired in their ability to automatically compensate for the gain change.Conclusions. These results support the claim that a failure of self-monitoring may underlie the core symptoms of schizophrenia.

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Health Care Trajectories for Children With ADHD in France: Results From the QUEST Survey

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054715618790 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 52-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hervé Caci ◽

David Cohen ◽

Olivier Bonnot ◽

Bernard Kabuth ◽

Jean-Phillipe Raynaud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

National Sample ◽

Adhd Diagnosis ◽

Delay In Diagnosis ◽

The Core ◽

Initial Onset ◽

Improvement Method ◽

Core Symptoms ◽

Improve Patient

Objective: The objective of this study is to retrospectively describe the pathway toward ADHD diagnosis and treatment, and identify potential areas for improvement. Method: Parent-reported questionnaires were collected by a national sample of ADHD specialists. Results: In total, 473 complete questionnaires were analyzed. Initial onset of ADHD symptoms was reported at a mean age of 4.45 years. Mean age at diagnosis was 8.07 years, and half of the families had seen at least three health care professionals previously. Psychiatrists were most commonly consulted. A “combined” (89% boys) and inattentive (49% boys) profile was identified. Diagnosis was made 1 year later for the latter group. Two thirds of patients received pharmacological treatment. The delay in diagnosis was identified as the main source of concern for caregivers. Conclusion: The 4-year delay in diagnosis may represent a loss of opportunity. Training health care professionals in the core symptoms of ADHD may help reduce disparities and improve patient trajectory.

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The experiences and strategies of parents’ of adults with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa: a qualitative study

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03345-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jannike Karlstad ◽

Cathrine Fredriksen Moe ◽

Mari Wattum ◽

Berit Støre Brinchmann

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Health Services ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Professional Support ◽

Adult Daughters ◽

Main Concern ◽

The Core ◽

Core Category

Abstract Background Caring for an individual with an eating disorder involves guilt, distress and many extra burdens and unmet needs. This qualitative study explored the experiences of parents with adult daughters suffering from anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa and the strategies they adopted. A subsidiary aim of the study was to explore the relationship between the caregivers’ perceived need for professional support and the support they reported receiving in practice from the health services. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 mothers and fathers from across Norway. Data collection, coding and analysis was conducted using the principles of constructivist grounded theory in an iterative process. The main concern shared by participants was identified by this process and their “solution” to the main concern then formed the content of the core category. Results ″Wearing all the hats″ emerged as the core category, indicating that the parents have to fulfil several roles to compensate the lack of help from health services. The three subcategories: “adapting to the illness”, “struggling for understanding and help” and “continuing to stay strong” described how the participants handled their situation as parents of adult daughters with eating disorders. Conclusions In daily life, the parents of adults with eating disorders have to attend to a wide range of caregiver tasks to help their ill daughters. This study suggests that the health services that treat adults with eating disorders should be coordinated, with a professional carer in charge. The parents need easy access to information about the illness and its treatment. They also need professional support for themselves in a demanding situation.

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