Self-monitoring in patients with schizophrenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1561-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
GÜNTHER KNOBLICH ◽  
FRANK STOTTMEISTER ◽  
TILO KIRCHER
Keyword(s):  
Hand Movements ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
The Core ◽  
Matched Healthy Control ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The present study investigated whether a failure of self-monitoring contributes to core syndromes of schizophrenia.Method. Three groups of patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia (n=27), with either prominent paranoid hallucinatory or disorganization syndrome, or without these symptoms, and a matched healthy control group (n=23) drew circles on a writing pad connected to a PC monitor. Subjects were instructed to continuously monitor the relationship between their hand movements and their visual consequences. They were asked to detect gain changes in the mapping. Self-monitoring ability and the ability to automatically correct movements were assessed.Results. Patients with either paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome or formal thought disorder were selectively impaired in their ability to detect a mismatch between a self-generated movement and its consequences, but not impaired in their ability to automatically compensate for the gain change.Conclusions. These results support the claim that a failure of self-monitoring may underlie the core symptoms of schizophrenia.

The relationship between obsessive-compulsive personality and obsessive-compulsive disorder: data obtained by the Personality Disorder Examination

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Cassano ◽  
G Del Buono ◽  
F Catapano
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Matched Healthy Control ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWe administered the Personality Disorder Examination (PDE) to 31 patients meeting DSM III criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to an age-and sex-matched healthy control group. Seventeen patients (54.8%) and four controls (12.9%) met criteria for one or more DSM III Axis II diagnoses. The most frequent Axis II diagnoses in patients were avoidant, passive-aggressive and compulsive personality disorder. Compulsive personality disorder was diagnosed in 6 OCD patients (19.3%). The prevalence of this disorder did not change according to sex, age of onset or duration of OCD, and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

The relationship between subjective fatigue and cognitive fatigue in advanced multiple sclerosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bailey ◽  
S Channon ◽  
J G Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testing Session ◽  
Cognitive Fatigue ◽  
Back Testing ◽  
Matched Healthy Control ◽  
Subjective Fatigue ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Back Task

The present study examined the cognitive performance and ratings of subjective fatigue in people with advanced MS and matched healthy control participants. A continuous n-back task, involving attention (0-back), was performed at the beginning and end of one testing session; a task involving working memory (1-back) was performed at the beginning and end of another testing session. Subjective fatigue was rated at regular intervals during each session. Overall, there was limited evidence of objective cognitive fatigue in the MS group, as assessed by the change in n-back performance during the sessions. The MS group did report a greater increase, than the control group, in the level of subjective fatigue during the 1-back testing session, but change in subjective fatigue did not correlate significantly with change in cognitive performance. The implications of these findings for our understanding of cognitive fatigue in MS are discussed.

scholarly journals Urine CA-2 as a biomarker for diagnosis urinary stone and prediction of its complications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-jing Leng ◽  
Hai-bin Zhou ◽  
Jiang-ling Fu ◽  
Wen-juan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract PURPOSECarbonic anhydrase-2 (CA-2) plays a role in mineralization and calcification in organism. Strong evidence suggests that CA-2 is associated with urolithiasis. However, the relationship between CA-2 and urinary stone remains unclear. The study aimed to assess the association of urine CA-2 (uCA-2) level and the potential risk of urinary stone.METHODSFrom March 2017 to November 2019, a prospective cohort study was conducted on patients with urinary stones and healthy subjects to determine the pretreatment uCA-2 level detection by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The difference of uCA-2 level between patients with urinary stones and healthy subjects was compared. Then comparison between stone patients with complications and without complications was carried out as well as correlation analysis to detect factors associated with biomarker expression.RESULTS118 patients with urinary stones were into urinary stones group and 42 healthy subjects were into healthy control group. The mean pretreatment uCA-2 level was significantly higher in patients with urinary stones group than healthy controls group (P=0.028). Furthermore, The uCA-2 level was positive correlation with urinary stones complications (R=0.379, P=0.000), especially pain complications (R=0.524, P=0.000) and hematuria complications (R=0.374, P=0.000). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis that a uCA-2 level threshold of 10.94 ng/mL had 83.67% sensitivity and 68.12% specificity for predicting urinary stones complications. CONCLUSIONSExcessive uCA-2 excretion is a major risk factor for urinary stone. Our findings suggested that uCA-2 may be used as an unappreciated biomarker for the diagnosis urinary stone in patients and to predict its complications.

scholarly journals Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios in Patients with RetinalArtery Occlusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmut Atum ◽  
Gürsoy Alagöz
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and plateletto- lymphocyte (PLR) ratios in patients with retinal artery occlusion (RAO) with those from a healthy control population and to identify the relationship between them. Methods: Forty-six patients with RAO and fifty-one healthy control subjects were included in this retrospective case-control study. RAO was diagnosed following an ophthalmic examination and fluorescein angiography (FA). Blood neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts were recorded for each of the 97 subjects, from which NLR and PLR values were calculated. Results: There were 46 patients (28 male [M], 18 female [F]) in the RAO group and 51 patients (27 M, 24 F) in the control group. No significant differences were found between patients with RAO and the control subjects in terms of gender and age (P > 0.05). Patients with RAO had significantly increased NLR values (2.85 ± 1.70) than the control subjects (1.63 ± 0.59, P < 0.001). The mean PLR in patients with RAO was 123.69 ± 64.98, while that in control subjects was 103.08 ± 36.95; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.055). A logistic regression analysis revealed that NLRs were 3.8 times higher in patients with RAO than in control subjects (odds ratio = 3.880; 95% confidence interval = 1.94 to 7.74; P < 0.001). Conclusion: NLRs were significantly increased in patients with RAO compared to the control subjects.

scholarly journals The expression and significance of inflammatory cytokines and MMP-9 in the tears of the infected eye and contralateral uninfected eye in patients with fungal keratitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Hui-Min Wu ◽  
Xiang-Ni Cao ◽  
Xian-Qi Zhang ◽  
Gui-ping Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tear Film ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tear Film Function

Abstract Background: We investigated bilateral tear cytokine levels including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with fungal keratitis(FK). Meanwhile, we evaluated the relationship between the changes of tear cytokines with corneal perception and pain in infected eyes, and the relationship between tear cytokines and tear film function in contralateral uninfected eyes .Methods : A total of 60(20 FK, 20 contralateral, 20 healthy controls) tear samples were collected prospectively and analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Approximately 50 to 60 ul of tear samples in each case were collected. Meanwhile ,we analyzed the changes of visual analogue scale(VAS), tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT) and corneal perception compared with healthy controls. Results :The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-17 increased in bilateral eyes compared with healthy controls(P<0.05). The tear concentrations of MMP-9 , TNF-α only significantly increased in affected eyes (P <0.05). Patients with FK showed significant reduction in corneal perception of infected eyes compared with controls(P<0.05). Corneal perception of the normal eyes in FK patients was slightly lower than that of control group, but there was not statistical difference (P>0.05).TBUT and SIT of contralateral uninfected eyes were significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), which were significantly correlated with levels of IL-1β, IL-17(P<0.05). SIT were also negatively correlated with MMP-9(P<0.05), while the levels of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α and MMP-9 in the tears of the healthy control group had no significant correlation with TBUT and SIT indicators(P>0.05).The corneal perception and VAS score of the affected FK eyes showed correlation with IL-1β, IL-17 and TNF-α(P<0.05).In addition, concentration of IL-10 inversely was correlated with VAS (P<0.05). Conclusion: Proinflammatory tear cytokines are elevated in bilateral eyes with unilateral FK as associated with tear film function ,pain and corneal sensitivity.

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF CELIAC DISEASE AMONG PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat IŞIKAY ◽  
Nurgül IŞIKAY ◽  
Halil KOCAMAZ
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marsh Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background Familial Mediterranean Fever and celiac disease are both related to auto-inflammation and/or auto-immunity and they share some common clinical features such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating and flatulence. Objectives We aimed to determine the association of these two diseases, if present. Methods Totally 112 patients diagnosed with Familial Mediterranean Fever and 32 cases as healthy control were included in the study. All participants were examined for the evidence of celiac disease, with serum tissue transglutaminase IgA levels (tTG IgA). Results Totally 144 cases, 112 with Familial Mediterranean Fever and 32 healthy control cases were included in the study. tTG IgA positivity was determined in three cases with Familial Mediterranean Fever and in one case in control group. In that aspect there was no significant difference regarding the tTG IgA positivity between groups (P=0.81). Duodenum biopsy was performed to the tTG IgA positive cases and revealed Marsh Type 3b in two Familial Mediterranean Fever cases and Marsh Type 3c in the other one while the biopsy results were of the only tTG IgA positive case in control group was Marsh Type 3b. In HLA evaluation of the celiac cases; HLA DQ2 was present in two celiac cases of the Familial Mediterranean Fever group and in the only celiac case of the control group while HLA DQ8 was present in one celiac case of the Familial Mediterranean Fever group. Conclusions We did not determine an association of Familial Mediterranean Fever with celiac disease. Larger studies with subgroup analysis are warranted to determine the relationship of these two diseases.

scholarly journals An investigation into the relationship between anaerobic work capacity, percentage body fat and the grade of asthma in asthmatics and a healthy control group

1991 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
M. Burger ◽  
M. Geyer ◽  
W. Regel ◽  
G. M. Smit ◽  
E. Terblanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Relationship

The goal of this study was to compare the anaerobic working capacity of asthmatic children to that of a healthy control group and to ascertain the relationship between the degree of asthma, anaerobic exercise and percentage body fat. A total of 41 children, 21 asthmatics and 20 healthy children (13-18 years) were tested. Three variables - percentage body fat, pulmonary function and fitness - were measured. It was found that there is very little difference between the asthmatic and the healthy child, with regard to anthropometric measurements, fitness and anaerobic working capacity. A poor correlation was found between percentage body fat, pulmonary function and anaerobic working capacity. The results further showed that there is a slight correlation between the percentage body fat and anaerobic working capacity. This tendency can only be confirmed with a larger random sample of children.The researchers conclude that asthmatics, irrespective of the degree of asthma, are not restricted as far as anaerobic activities are concerned. They can  therefore lead a normal healthy life and, as far as anaerobic exercise is  concerned, can compete on equal terms with healthy children.

Family Conflict Tendency and ADHD

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-580
Author(s):  
H. Niederhofer ◽  
B. Hackenberg ◽  
K. Lanzendörfer
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Family Conflicts ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ◽  
Matched Healthy Control ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Children’S Behaviour

A lack of perseverance, poor attention, and poorly modulated behaviour are important criteria of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). Instructions often have to be repeated, sometimes even by different family members before a child with ADHD attends and complies. We hypothesised that a child with ADHD might cause less disagreement in families with almost no conflicts. Responses to the Mannheim Parents Interview and teacher's form of the Conners scale completed by families of 15 boys (ages 6 to 12 years), diagnosed with ADHD were compared with those of a matched, healthy control group of 15 boys. Parents completed a form assessing the family's cooperation and child-rearing practices. Having few family conflicts, i.e., almost no Verbal Disagreement may reduce Physical Punishment and Anger and Disregard and augment the Openness to another's needs and, for that reason, have protective effects on children's behaviour modulation.

Effects of Human Relations Training with Houseparents on Attainment of Group Facilitation Skills

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Bledsoe ◽  
Gene R. Layser
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Group Facilitation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Empathic Understanding ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
Facilitation Skills ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Relations Training

24-hr. (12 wk., 2 hr. per week) systematic training in human relations with 16 houseparent couples produced higher mean facilitation skills as measured by the Index of Responding than was achieved by a control group of 16 houseparent couples. Students (boys) residing in cottages whose parents received the training did not perceive their parents more favorably in the core helping dimensions of Empathic Understanding, Level of Regard, Unconditionality of Regard, and Congruence (measured by the Relationship Inventory) than did boys whose parents did not receive the training. Greater variability of the trained group on all dimensions suggested that the training may have enabled some houseparents to function more effectively (as perceived by the boys) whereas in other instances they were perceived to function less effectively than did the control houseparents.

scholarly journals A Prospective Psychological Study of Patients with Undiagnosed Episodes of Disturbed Consciousness

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
L. D. Blumhardt ◽  
D. Barnes ◽  
S. J. Howell ◽  
E. Ghadiali
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Unexplained Symptoms ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Relationship

We have carried out a prospective psychological and clinical study of neurological out-patients with episodes of disturbed consciousness that were mostly unexplained after clinical assessments and prolonged follow up. When compared with matched healthy subjects, both the undiagnosed patients and a control group with chronic epilepsy, had evidence of abnormal personality and psychological disturbance. However, in the undiagnosed patients there were significant differences between two subgroups defined by the results of clinical follow up. Patients whose symptoms resolved spontaneously were psychologically indistinguishable from healthy control subjects, whereas patients whose unexplained symptoms continued, with or without empirical treatment trials, had highly abnormal personality profiles. Although the basic psychological tests we used cannot reliably separate individual patients with epilepsy from those with non-epilepsy, they do have some predictive value with respect to the prognosis of unexplained symptoms. Further detailed prospective studies may help to establish the relationship between psychological disorder and unexplained symptoms and perhaps reduce the need for repeated, expensive investigations.

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