Proof-of-concept evaluation of a decision-making algorithm.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Brodhead ◽  
Adrea Truckenmiller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Concept Evaluation

scholarly journals Laparoscopic augmented reality registration for oncological resection site repair

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Joeres ◽  
Tonia Mielke ◽  
Christian Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Tumour Resection ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Registration Accuracy ◽  
Target Registration Error ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
Navigation Support ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Abstract Purpose Resection site repair during laparoscopic oncological surgery (e.g. laparoscopic partial nephrectomy) poses some unique challenges and opportunities for augmented reality (AR) navigation support. This work introduces an AR registration workflow that addresses the time pressure that is present during resection site repair. Methods We propose a two-step registration process: the AR content is registered as accurately as possible prior to the tumour resection (the primary registration). This accurate registration is used to apply artificial fiducials to the physical organ and the virtual model. After the resection, these fiducials can be used for rapid re-registration (the secondary registration). We tested this pipeline in a simulated-use study with $$N=18$$ N = 18 participants. We compared the registration accuracy and speed for our method and for landmark-based registration as a reference. Results Acquisition of and, thereby, registration with the artificial fiducials were significantly faster than the initial use of anatomical landmarks. Our method also had a trend to be more accurate in cases in which the primary registration was successful. The accuracy loss between the elaborate primary registration and the rapid secondary registration could be quantified with a mean target registration error increase of 2.35 mm. Conclusion This work introduces a registration pipeline for AR navigation support during laparoscopic resection site repair and provides a successful proof-of-concept evaluation thereof. Our results indicate that the concept is better suited than landmark-based registration during this phase, but further work is required to demonstrate clinical suitability and applicability.

scholarly journals Game Theory in Molecular Nanosensing System for Rapid Detection of Hg2+ in Aqueous Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2530
Author(s):  
Nan Nie ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Chu Fang ◽  
Qiu Zhu ◽  
Jiao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Payoff Matrix ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Decision Systems ◽  
Theoretical System ◽  
Intelligent Decision ◽  
Simple Molecules ◽  
Intelligent Decision Systems

Game theory—the scientific study of interactive, rational decision making—describes the interaction of two or more players from macroscopic organisms to microscopic cellular and subcellular levels. Life based on molecules is the highest and most complex expression of molecular interactions. However, using simple molecules to expand game theory for molecular decision-making remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept molecular game-theoretical system (molecular prisoner’s dilemma) that relies on formation of the thymine–Hg2+–thymine hairpin structure specifically induced by Hg2+ and fluorescence quenching and molecular adsorption capacities of cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) nanosheets, resulting in fluorescence intensity and distribution change of polythymine oligonucleotide 33-repeat thymines (T33). The “bait” molecule, T33, interacted with two molecular players, CoOOH and Hg2+, in different states (absence = silence and presence = betrayal), regarded as strategies. We created conflicts (sharing or self-interest) of fluorescence distribution of T33, quantifiable in a 2 × 2 payoff matrix. In addition, the molecular game-theoretical-system based on T33 and CoOOH was used for sensing Hg2+ over the range of 20 to 600 nM with the detection limit of 7.94 nM (3σ) and for determination of Hg2+ in pond water. Inspired by the proof-of-concept for molecular game theory, various molecular decision-making systems could be developed, which would help promote molecular information processing and generating novel molecular intelligent decision systems for environmental monitoring and molecular diagnosis and therapy.

scholarly journals Model Driven Combat Effectiveness Simulation Systems Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Zhi Zhu ◽  
Yonglin Lei ◽  
Yifan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Model Driven Engineering ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Combat Effectiveness ◽  
Simulation Systems

Model-driven engineering has become popular in the combat effectiveness simulation systems engineering during these last years. It allows to systematically develop a simulation model in a composable way. However, implementing a conceptual model is really a complex and costly job if this is not guided under a well-established framework. Hence this study attempts to explore methodologies for engineering the development of simulation models. For this purpose, we define an ontological metamodelling framework. This framework starts with ontology-aware system conceptual descriptions, and then refines and transforms them toward system models until they reach final executable implementations. As a proof of concept, we identify a set of ontology-aware modelling frameworks in combat systems specification, then an underwater targets search scenario is presented as a motivating example for running simulations and results can be used as a reference for decision-making behaviors.

The relation between head circumference and mid pelvic circumference: A simple index for cephalo-pelvic disproportion evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gad Liberty ◽  
Ofer Gemer ◽  
Irena Siyanov ◽  
Eyal Y. Anteby ◽  
Alona Apter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Simple Index ◽  
Bony Pelvis ◽  
Cesarean Deliveries ◽  
Simple Tool ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Concept Evaluation

Introduction: Cephalo-pelvic-disproportion (CPD) is one of the most common obstetric complications. Since CPD is the disproportion between the fetal head and maternal bony pelvis, evaluation of the head-circumference (HC) relative to maternal bony pelvis may be a useful adjunct to pre-labor CPD evaluation. The aim of the present study was a proof-of-concept evaluation of the ratio between HC to pelvic circumference (PC) as a predictor of CPD. Methods: Of 11,822 deliveries, 104 cases that underwent an abdomino-pelvic CT for any medical indication and who underwent normal vaginal deliveries (NVD) (n=84) or cesarean deliveries (CD) due to CPD (n=20) were included retrospectively. Maternal pelvis dimensions were reconstructed and neonatal HC, as a proxy for fetal HC, were measured. The correlation between cases of CPD and Cephalo-Pelvic Circumference Index (CPCI), which represents the ratio between the HC and PC in percent (HC/PC *100) was evaluated. Results: The mid-pelvis cephalo-pelvic circumference index (MP-CPCI) was larger in CD groups as compared to the NVD group: 103±11 vs. 97±8% respectively (p=0.0003). In logistic regression analysis, the MP-CPCI was found to be independently associated with CD due to CPD: each 1% increase in MP-CPCI increased the likelihood of CD for CPD by 11% (aOR 1.11, CI 95% 1.03-1.19, p=0.004). The adjusted odds ratio for CD due to CPD increased incrementally as the MP-CPCI increased, from 3.56 (95%CI, 1.01-12.6) at MP-CPCI of 100, to 5.6 (95%CI, 1.63-19.45) at 105, 21.44 (95%CI, 3.05-150.84) at 110, and 28.88 (95%CI, 2.3-362.27) at MP-CPCI of 115 Conclusions: The MP-CPCI, representing the relative dimensions of the fetal HC and maternal PC, is a simple tool that can potentially distinguish between parturients at lower and higher risk of CPD. Prospective randomized studies are required to evaluate the feasibility of prenatal pelvimetry and MP-CPCI to predict the risk of CPD during labor.

Applications of Bayesian analysis to proof‐of‐concept trial planning and decision making

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-481
Author(s):  
Hui Quan ◽  
Xun Chen ◽  
Yu Lan ◽  
Xiaodong Luo ◽  
Rene Kubiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Proof Of Concept

scholarly journals Generic Cost-Effectiveness Models: A Proof of Concept of a Tool for Informed Decision-Making for Public Health Precision Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Snyder ◽  
Jing Hao ◽  
Larisa H. Cavallari ◽  
Zhi Geng ◽  
Amanda Elsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Proof Of Concept

Hollow Gold Nanoparticals as Biocompatible Radiosensitizer: An In Vitro Proof of Concept Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien Wen Huang ◽  
Vasant Kearney ◽  
Sina Moeendarbari ◽  
Rui Qian Jiang ◽  
Preston Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal ◽  
Intratumoral Injection ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Clonogenic Cell ◽  
And Control

We report in vitro studies on radiotherapy enhancement of hollow gold nanoparticles (HAuNPs), which feature a 50 nm hollow core and a 30 nm thick polycrystalline shell. A clonogenic cell survival assay was used to assess radiation dose enhancement on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Cells were cultured in a cell culture solution in which pegylated HAuNPs were added. No cytotoxicity of the HAuNPs was observed at the nanoparticle concentration up to 4.25×109 nanoparticles/ml (350 μM Au concentration). A small animal X-ray irradiator and a clinical linear accelerator were used to irradiate HAuNP-treated and control groups. It shows that the radiation damage to the cells is significantly enhanced when the cells are exposed to HAuNPs. This is the first time that AuNPs with diameter larger than 100 nm has been studied for their radiosensitizing effects. In clinical settings, we envision that HAuNPs could be intratumorally injected into tumors, which is more realistic for practical usage of AuNPs as radiosensitizer than passive accumulation in tumors using the enhanced permeability and retention effect or active targeting. Larger particles are favored for the intratumoral injection approach since larger particles tend to be retained in the injection sites, less likely diffusing into surrounding normal tissues. So, this proof-of-concept evaluation shows a promising potential to use HAuNPs as radiation therapy sensitizer for cancers.

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