The Language Exposure Questionnaire: Quantifying exposure for research on young infants and children

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DeAnda ◽  
D. Poulin-Dubois ◽  
P. Zesiger ◽  
M. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Infants And Children ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Language Exposure

scholarly journals Analysis of clinical characteristics of severe pertussis in infants and children: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiying Wang ◽  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Yanlan Zhang ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Min Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Medical University

Abstract Background The incidence of pertussis shows an increasing trend in recent years, but some clinicians often lack sufficient understanding of the clinical characteristics and risk factors for severe pertussis, and more effective measures should be taken to reduce the incidence and mortality of pertussis in young infants Methods A retrospective study was conducted, and 184 infants and children with pertussis who had been hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics of Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2017 were included. Clinical data of the patients were collected and the clinical characteristics were statistically analyzed Results Among the 184 patients, 41.85% were infants < 3 months of age, and 65.22% of the total patients were not vaccinated against pertussis. There were 22 critically ill children, among whom 4 died, and compared with mild cases, they had a higher proportion of children younger than 3 months of age and infants not vaccinated against pertussis (63.64% vs. 38.89% and 100% vs. 60.49%, respectively); a higher proportion of children with severe pneumonia (100% vs. 0%); higher leukocyte count(× 109/L , 35.80 ± 20.53 vs 19.41 ± 8.59); and a higher proportion of children with severe hyperleukocytosis (18.18% vs. 0%, respectively) (P<0.05) Conclusions 1. Infants aged <3 months not vaccinated for pertussis appear more likely to become infected and have more severe disease. 2. Severe pneumonia and hyperleukocytosis are the main mechanisms underlying severe pertussis.

scholarly journals A National Survey of Private-Sector Outpatient Care of Sick Infants and Young Children in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Ban ◽  
Steve Hodgins ◽  
Pranita Thapa ◽  
Surakschha Thapa ◽  
Deepak Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Young Infants

Abstract Background: Previous research has documented that across South Asia, as well as in some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, the private sector is the primary source of outpatient care for sick infants and children and, in many settings, informal providers play a bigger role than credentialed health professionals (particularly for the poorer segments of the population). This is the case in Nepal. This study sought to characterize medicine shop-based service providers in rural areas and small urban centers in Nepal, their role in the care and treatment of sick infants and children (with a particular focus on infants aged <2 months), and the quality of the care provided. A secondary objective was to characterize availability and quality of such care provided by physicians in these settings.Methods: A nationally representative sample of medicine shops was drawn, in rural settings and small urban centers in Nepal, from 25 of the 75 districts in Nepal, using multi-stage cluster methodology, with a final sample of 501 shops and 82 physician-run clinics. Face-to-face interviews were conducted.Results: Most medicine shops outside urban areas were not registered with the Department of Drug Administration (DDA). Most functioned as de facto clinics, with credentialed paramedical workers (having 2-3 years of training) diagnosing patients and making treatment decisions. Such a role falls outside their formally sanctioned scope of practice. Quality of care problems were identified among medicine shop-based providers and physicians, including over-use of antibiotics for treating diarrhea, inaccurate weighing technique to determine antibiotic dose, and inappropriate use of injectable steroids for treating potentially severe infections in young infants.Conclusions: Medicine shop-based practitioners in Nepal represent a particular type of informal provider; although most have recognized paramedical credentials, they offer services falling outside their formal scope of practice. Nevertheless, given the large proportion of the population served by these practitioners, engagement to strengthen quality of care by these providers and referral to the formal health sector is warranted.

Emotional Expressions of Young Infants and Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Wolan Sullivan ◽  
Michael Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Infants And Children ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Young Infants

Preschoolers' Perception of other People's Looking: Photographs and Drawings

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R Anderson ◽  
Martin J Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Common Object ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Single Face ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Joint Visual Attention

Children aged 3–4 years were tested for their ability to decide which of two photographs or drawings of a face depicted the act of fixating on a target object; in each control photograph or drawing the same face and object were present without fixation. Performance was above chance on both stimulus types, but low enough to call into question conclusions from previous research. The same children were also tested on their ability to discriminate between photographs/drawings depicting two faces fixating the same object (joint visual attention) and the same two faces fixating different objects. While discrimination of joint visual attention depicted in drawings was as good as discrimination of fixation in the single-face tasks, the ability to reliably choose between a photograph of two people attending to a common object and a control photograph was significantly poorer. The results suggest that, while young infants and children may be highly sensitive to face-on gaze, even well into the fourth year of life children arc unable consistently to interpret (1) direction of non-self-directed gaze in static faces and (2) joint visual attention by others.

scholarly journals Analysis of clinical characteristics of severe pertussis in infants and children: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiying Wang ◽  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Yanlan Zhang ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Min Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Medical University

Abstract Background: The incidence of pertussis shows an increasing trend in recent years, but some clinicians often lack sufficient understanding of the clinical characteristics and risk factors for severe pertussis, and more effective measures should be taken to reduce the incidence and mortality of pertussis in young infants. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, and 184 infants and children with pertussis who had been hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics of Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2017 were included. Clinical data of the patients were collected and the clinical characteristics were statistically analyzed. Results: Among the 184 patients, 41.85% were infants < 3 months of age, and 65.22% of the total patients were not vaccinated against pertussis. There were 22 critically ill children, among whom 4 died, and compared with mild cases, they had a higher proportion of children younger than 3 months of age and infants not vaccinated against pertussis (63.64% vs. 38.89% and 100% vs. 60.49%, respectively); a higher proportion of children with severe pneumonia (100% vs. 0%); higher leukocyte count(× 109/L , 35.80 ± 20.53 vs 19.41 ± 8.59); and a higher proportion of children with severe hyperleukocytosis (18.18% vs. 0%, respectively) (P<0.05). Conclusions: 1. Infants aged <3 months not vaccinated for pertussis appear more likely to become infected and have more severe disease. 2. Severe pneumonia and hyperleukocytosis are the main mechanisms underlying severe pertussis.

Lomotil Overdose

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 981-981
Author(s):  
GARY S. WASSERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Infants And Children ◽  
Young Infants

In Reply.— I would like to thank Dr Rizwanuddin for his timely comments; actually I am in his corner in the battle against the use of antidiarrheal preparations for young infants and children. I1 did not intend to trivialize 1004 pediatric diphenoxylate-atropine cases in 1990,2 but this does not compare with the early 1970s when these intoxications were fairly frequent. My original review3 included 49 pediatric cases during a 42-month period (23 of those cases in 1973) in comparison with Dr McCarron's 8 cases in more than 12 years.4.

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