scholarly journals Memantine Protects against Paclitaxel-Induced Cognitive Impairment through Modulation of Neurogenesis and Inflammation in Mice

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4177
Author(s):  
Pi-Shan Sung ◽  
Pei-Wen Chen ◽  
Chia-Jui Yen ◽  
Meng-Ru Shen ◽  
Chih-Hung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Adverse Side Effect ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Paclitaxel Treatment ◽  
Impaired Neurogenesis

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is an adverse side effect of cancer treatment with increasing awareness. Hippocampal damage and related neurocognitive impairment may mediate the development of CICI, in which altered neurogenesis may play a role. In addition, increased inflammation may be related to chemotherapy-induced hippocampal damage. Memantine, an uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that may enhance neurogenesis and modulate inflammation, may be useful for treating CICI. To test this hypothesis, paclitaxel was administered to eight-week-old male B6 mice to demonstrate the relationship between CICI and impaired neurogenesis, and then, we evaluated the impact of different memantine regimens on neurogenesis and inflammation in this CICI model. The results demonstrated that both the pretreatment and cotreatment regimens with memantine successfully reversed impaired neurogenesis and spatial memory impairment in behavior tests. The pretreatment regimen unsuccessfully inhibited the expression of peripheral and central TNF- and IL-1 and did not improve the mood alterations following paclitaxel treatment. However, the cotreatment regimen led to a better modulatory effect on inflammation and restoration of mood disturbance. In conclusion, this study illustrated that impaired neurogenesis is one of the mechanisms of paclitaxel-induced CICI. Memantine may serve as a potential treatment for paclitaxel-induced CICI, but different treatment strategies may lead to variations in the treatment efficacy.

scholarly journals Interleukin-1β mediates alterations in mitochondrial fusion/fission proteins and memory impairment induced by amyloid-β oligomers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre F. Batista ◽  
Tayná Rody ◽  
Leticia Forny-Germano ◽  
Suzana Cerdeiro ◽  
Maria Bellio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Mitochondrial Fusion ◽  
Synapse Loss ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The lack of effective treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) reflects an incomplete understanding of disease mechanisms. Alterations in proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics, an essential process for mitochondrial integrity and function, have been reported in AD brains. Impaired mitochondrial dynamics causes mitochondrial dysfunction and has been associated with cognitive impairment in AD. Here, we investigated a possible link between pro-inflammatory interleukin-1 (IL-1), mitochondrial dysfunction, and cognitive impairment in AD models. Methods We exposed primary hippocampal cell cultures to amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) and carried out AβO infusions into the lateral cerebral ventricle of cynomolgus macaques to assess the impact of AβOs on proteins that regulate mitochondrial dynamics. Where indicated, primary cultures were pre-treated with mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1), or with anakinra, a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Cognitive impairment was investigated in C57BL/6 mice that received an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of AβOs in the presence or absence of mdivi-1. To assess the role of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in AβO-induced alterations in mitochondrial proteins and memory impairment, interleukin receptor-1 knockout (Il1r1−/−) mice received an i.c.v. infusion of AβOs. Results We report that anakinra prevented AβO-induced alteration in mitochondrial dynamics proteins in primary hippocampal cultures. Altered levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion and fission were observed in the brains of cynomolgus macaques that received i.c.v. infusions of AβOs. The mitochondrial fission inhibitor, mdivi-1, alleviated synapse loss and cognitive impairment induced by AβOs in mice. In addition, AβOs failed to cause alterations in expression of mitochondrial dynamics proteins or memory impairment in Il1r1−/− mice. Conclusion These findings indicate that IL-1β mediates the impact of AβOs on proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and that strategies aimed to prevent pathological alterations in those proteins may counteract synapse loss and cognitive impairment in AD.

Impact of Design on Emotional, Psychological, or Social Well-Being for People With Cognitive Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Karol ◽  
Dianne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Design Expertise ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Aim:The objective of this article is to identify and analyze what is known about characteristics in and around the home that support well-being for those with cognitive impairment. This could provide direction for designers of homes in general, but specifically for designers trying to meet the needs of people with cognitive impairment.Background:It has been established that there is a relationship between psychological well-being and a person’s environment. Research also shows that particular design aspects can reduce the impact of cognitive impairment. However, there is limited design expertise in the Australian housing market to create supportive spaces which will help to reduce the impact of the disability for those with cognitive impairment.Method:A literature review was carried out to determine the extent and details of what is known about the relationship of home design and its impact on emotional, psychological, or social well-being for people with cognitive impairment.Conclusions:The study indicates that researchers in various disciplines understand that pragmatic design inputs such as thermal comfort and adequate lighting are important for people with cognitive impairment. In addition, some researchers have shown or surmise that there are other “intangible” designer-controlled elements that have beneficial impacts on people with cognitive impairment. Details of these intangible elements are sparse, and how much they might improve the quality of life for a person with cognitive impairment is not well understood. Further research is required to meet a growing need.

scholarly journals High Incidence of Preoperative Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Surgical Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Newman MSc, ◽  
Beth-Ann Cummings MD MSc ◽  
Howard Chertkow MD ◽  
Shannon Fraser MD MSc ◽  
Simon Bergman MD MSc
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Post-operative delirium in elderly patients is associated with higher mortality and longer lengths of stay. This prospective observational study investigated the incidences of preoperative mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and post-operative delirium among elderly patients undergoing elective surgery at the authors’ institution, the relationship between MCI and delirium, and the impact of delirium on surgical morbidity and lengths of stay. The authors found that although MCI did not predict post-operative delirium, the high incidence of MCI in elective surgery patients warrants further study.

Midlife Vascular Factors and Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Miguel Arce Rentería ◽  
Jennifer J. Manly ◽  
Jet M.J. Vonk ◽  
Silvia Mejia Arango ◽  
Alejandra Michaels Obregon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes and investigate the impact of midlife cardiovascular risk factors on late-life MCI among the aging Mexican population. Method: Analyses included a sample of non-demented adults over the age of 55 living in both urban and rural areas of Mexico (N = 1807). MCI diagnosis was assigned based on a comprehensive cognitive assessment assessing the domains of memory, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial ability. The normative sample was selected by means of the robust norms approach. Cognitive impairment was defined by a 1.5-SD cut-off per cognitive domain using normative corrections for age, years of education, and sex. Risk factors included age, education, sex, rurality, depression, insurance status, workforce status, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. Results: The prevalence of amnestic MCI was 5.9%. Other MCI subtypes ranged from 4.2% to 7.7%. MCI with and without memory impairment was associated with older age (OR = 1.01 [1.01, 1.05]; OR = 1.03 [1.01, 1.04], respectively) and residing in rural areas (OR = 1.49 [1.08, 2.06]; OR = 1.35 [1.03, 1.77], respectively). Depression (OR = 1.07 [1.02, 1.12]), diabetes (OR = 1.37 [1.03, 1.82]), and years of education (OR = 0.94 [0.91, 0.97]) were associated with MCI without memory impairment. Midlife CVD increased the odds of MCI in late-life (OR = 1.76 [1.19, 2.59], which was driven by both midlife hypertension and diabetes (OR = 1.70 [1.18, 2.44]; OR = 1.88 [1.19, 2.97], respectively). Conclusions: Older age, depression, low education, rurality, and midlife hypertension and diabetes were associated with higher risk of late-life MCI among older adults in Mexico. Our findings suggest that the causes of cognitive impairment are multifactorial and vary by MCI subtype.

Neurovascular coupling dysfunction in end-stage renal disease patients related to cognitive impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2110079
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Junya Mu ◽  
Xueying Ma ◽  
Dun Ding ◽  
Shaohui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Neurovascular Coupling ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Esrd Patients

We aimed to investigate the neurovascular coupling (NVC) dysfunction in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients related with cognitive impairment. Twenty-five ESRD patients and 22 healthy controls were enrolled. To assess the NVC dysfunctional pattern, resting-state functional MRI and arterial spin labeling were explored to estimate the coupling of spontaneous neuronal activity and cerebral blood perfusion based on amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF)-cerebral blood flow (CBF), fractional ALFF (fALFF)-CBF, regional homogeneity (ReHo)-CBF, and degree centrality (DC)-CBF correlation coefficients. Multivariate partial least-squares correlation and mediation analyses were used to evaluate the relationship among NVC dysfunctional pattern, cognitive impairment and clinical characteristics. The NVC dysfunctional patterns in ESRD patients were significantly decreased in 34 brain regions compared with healthy controls. The decreased fALFF-CBF coefficients in the cingulate gyrus (CG) were associated positively with lower kinetic transfer/volume urea (Kt/V) and lower short-term memory scores, and were negatively associated with higher serum urea. The relationship between Kt/V and memory deficits of ESRD patients was partially mediated by the fALFF-CBF alteration of the CG. These findings reveal the NVC dysfunction may be a potential neural mechanism for cognitive impairment in ESRD. The regional NVC dysfunction may mediate the impact of dialysis adequacy on memory function.

scholarly journals The Perceived Deficits Questionnaire

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren B. Strober ◽  
Allison Binder ◽  
Olga M. Nikelshpur ◽  
Nancy Chiaravalloti ◽  
John DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Cognitive dysfunction affects approximately 43% to 70% of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and is an important determinant of several functional outcomes in MS and quality of life. Brief neuropsychological test batteries have been developed specifically for use in MS and are widely used to aid clinicians in assessing levels of cognitive impairment in MS. Neuropsychologists and neurologists also frequently use briefer screening measures, such as the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ), to assist in determining whether a more extensive neuropsychological evaluation is warranted. However, despite the ease of such measures, the relationship between self-report and objective cognitive impairment has been inconsistent, at best. Moreover, factors such as depression, fatigue, anxiety, and personality have been found to be more related to reports of cognitive difficulties. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the relationship between subjective cognitive concerns and objective cognitive impairment while accounting for related symptoms. Methods: We examined the association of self-reported cognitive concerns on the PDQ with objective cognitive measures, as well as depression, anxiety, fatigue, and self-efficacy. Results: There was no relationship between self-reported cognitive concerns and objective performance. Rather, reports on the PDQ were more correlated with reports of depression, anxiety, fatigue, and self-efficacy. Conclusions: Depression and poor self-efficacy can contribute to reports of cognitive difficulties. Effective treatment to improve these factors seems warranted given the impact of perceived cognitive impairment on outcomes in MS and the potential for more accurate self-reports.

The impact of dementia and mild memory impairment (MMI) on intimacy and sexuality in spousal relationships

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen D. Davies ◽  
Lori A. Newkirk ◽  
Christiane B. Pitts ◽  
Christine A. Coughlin ◽  
Sneha B. Sridhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Spousal Caregivers ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
The Future ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Maintain Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground: Sexuality and intimacy in couples in which one partner is affected by dementia has been widely researched. Few studies have explored these issues in couples where one partner is affected by mild memory impairment (MMI) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The objectives of this study were to (1) identify and contrast issues of intimacy and sexuality that spousal caregivers of persons with MMI and dementia may experience, and (2) identify future lines of research in this population.Methods: Fourteen dementia and nine MMI spousal caregivers participated in focus groups conducted between 2008 and 2009 at the Stanford/VA Alzheimer's Research Center. Content analyses were conducted to identify themes.Results: Five themes emerged: communication, marital cohesion, affectional expression, caregiver burden, and ambiguity concerning the future of the relationship. Dementia caregivers reported more difficulties with communication, cohesion, and perceptions of increased burden than their MMI counterparts. Both groups indicated reduced sexual expression due to physical limitations; substitute activities including hand-holding, massaging, and hugging were noted. Both groups reported difficulty anticipating the future of the relationship due to present stressors. While dementia caregivers could consider future romantic relationships with others, MMI caregivers were primarily able to consider future relationships only for companionship and emotional intimacy.Conclusion: Early therapeutic interventions may assist couples in modifying activities, behaviors, and expectations about the future of the relationship. Such modifications may help maintain relationship satisfaction, decrease burden, preserve quality of life, and delay time-to-placement. Extending time-to-placement could have cost savings implications for families and the healthcare system.

scholarly journals ‘It’s personal to me’: A qualitative study of depression in young people with CFS/ME

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K Taylor ◽  
Maria Loades ◽  
Amberly LC Brigden ◽  
Simon M Collin ◽  
Esther Crawley
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Probable Depression

Background: Paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) has a prevalence of 0.4–2.4% and is defined as ‘generalised disabling fatigue persisting after routine tests and investigations have failed to identify an obvious underlying cause’. One-third of young people with CFS/ME have probable depression. Little is known about why depression develops, the relationship between depression and CFS/ME, or what treatment might be helpful. Methods: We conducted nine semi-structured interviews with young people with CFS/ME (aged 13–17 years, 8/9 female) and probable depression, covering perceived causes of depression, the relationship between CFS/ME and depression, and treatment strategies. Results: Most thought CFS/ME caused depression. Many discussed a cyclical relationship: low mood made CFS/ME worse. A sense of loss was common. CFS/ME restricted activities participants valued and changed systemic structures, causing depression. There was no single helpful treatment approach. Individualised approaches using combinations of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), medication, activity management and other strategies were described. Conclusion: This study suggests that depression may be secondary to CFS/ME in young people because of the impact of CFS/ME on quality of life. Clinicians treating young people with CFS/ME need to consider strategies to prevent development of depression, and research is needed into approaches that are effective in treating CFS/ME with co-morbid depression.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptom Clusters and Neuropsychological Performance in Mild Alzheimer's and Cognitively Normal Elderly

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hall ◽  
Sid E. O'Bryant ◽  
Leigh A. Johnson ◽  
Robert C. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives. Determine the relationship between depressive symptom clusters and neuropsychological test performance in an elderly cohort of cognitively normal controls and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).Design. Cross-sectional analysis.Setting. Four health science centers in Texas.Participants. 628 elderly individuals (272 diagnosed with mild AD and 356 controls) from ongoing longitudinal study of Alzheimer's disease.Measurements. Standard battery of neuropsychological tests and the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale with regressions model generated on GDS-30 subscale scores (dysphoria, apathy, meaninglessness and cognitive impairment) as predictors and neuropsychological tests as outcome variables. Follow-up analyses by gender were conducted.Results. For AD, all symptom clusters were related to specific neurocognitive domains; among controls apathy and cognitive impairment were significantly related to neuropsychological functioning. The relationship between performance and symptom clusters was significantly different for males and females in each group.Conclusion. Findings suggest the need to examine disease status and gender when considering the impact of depressive symptoms on cognition.

Impaired Behavioral Pattern Separation in Refractory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sanam J. Lalani ◽  
Anny Reyes ◽  
Erik Kaestner ◽  
Shauna M. Stark ◽  
Craig E.L. Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Hippocampal Damage

ABSTRACT Objective: Episodic memory impairment and hippocampal pathology are hallmark features of both temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Pattern separation (PS), which enables the distinction between similar but unique experiences, is thought to contribute to successful encoding and retrieval of episodic memories. Impaired PS has been proposed as a potential mechanism underling episodic memory impairment in aMCI, but this association is less established in TLE. In this study, we examined behavioral PS in patients with TLE and explored whether profiles of performance in TLE are similar to aMCI. Method: Patients with TLE, aMCI, and age-matched, healthy controls (HCs) completed a modified recognition task that relies on PS for the discrimination of highly similar lure items, the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). Group differences were evaluated and relationships between clinical characteristics, California Verbal Learning Test—Second Edition scores, and MST performance were tested in the TLE group. Results: Patients with TLE and aMCI demonstrated poorer PS performance relative to the HCs, but performance did not differ between the two patient groups. Neither the side of seizure focus nor having hippocampal sclerosis affected performance in TLE. However, TLE patients with clinically defined memory impairment showed the poorest performance. Conclusion: Memory performance on a task that relies on PS was disrupted to a similar extent in TLE and aMCI. The MST could provide a clinically useful tool for measuring hippocampus-dependent memory impairments in TLE and other neurological disorders associated with hippocampal damage.

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